临床药师医嘱审核在静脉药物集中配置中的作用

分析医院静脉药物集中配置情况,探讨临床药师通过医嘱审核在静脉药物配置中心（PIVAS）的作用,促进了临床合理用药。方法：针对医院PIVAS为内科病房开展工作,按照随机抽样原则,分别抽取2013年7~12月（A组）及2014年1~6月（B组）的住院用药医嘱中各抽取4000份,进行分析和统计。结果：A组不合格医嘱有377份（占医嘱9.43%）,B组住院用药医嘱中,不合格医嘱有94份（占医嘱2.35%）。结论：通过医嘱审核,临床药师在PIVAS的工作中,将控制不合理用药关口前移,促进了临床合理用药,提高了医院的现代化医疗质量。     

某三甲医院静脉用药调配中心不合理抗菌药处方的类型分析

目的分析佛山市某三甲医院静脉用药调配中心在2017年所有抗菌药不合理处方的具体类型,为该院今后改进药师审方和医生临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法根据药品说明书、《抗菌药临床应用指导原则》、《静脉用药集中调配质量管理规范》等相关规定,对不合理抗菌药物处方的不同类型进行统计分析。采用Microsoft Office Excel 2003版软件进行统计,并采用SPSS19.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 2017年该医院静脉用药调配中心的所有抗菌药不合理处方中:浓度不当724例、用法不当550例、其他不当479例。结论分析该院静脉用药调配中心在2017年不合理抗菌药物处方类型,有助于提高药师审方及加强医生合理用药。     

“五常法”在静脉药物配置中心管理中的应用

目的:应用"五常法"对静脉药物配置中心进行规范化科学化管理,确保临床用药安全,顺利通过省卫生厅的验收。方法:对比"五常法"应用于静脉药物配置中心前后的情况。结果:实施"五常法"后,静脉药物配置中心的环境完全达标、差错明显减少,临床科室满意度提高。结论:"五常法"应用于静脉药物配置中心能大大改善工作环境,提高工作效率,防止差错发生。     

54例住院患者单日用药的合理性分析

为了解心内科、骨科住院患者单日的用药情况,评判两科药物使用的合理性,应用“合理用药监测软件系统（PASS系统）”对住院患者的用药进行了分析,共监测54名患者329条医嘱。结果是54名住院患者在住院期间共使用药物316种,在329条医嘱中,不合理用药均为心内科用药。通过对网科用药的分析,表明临床应加强对合理用药的监测,尽量减少用药品种,避免不合理的联用．以有助于提高住院患者的合理用药水平。     

对解放军总医院老年住院患者用药医嘱的合理性分析

评价合理用药监测系统的性能,调查分析临床不合理用药情况。利用PASS系统对我院老年病区住院患者11328条医嘱进行监测、分析、统计。合并用药和药物相互作用问题较多,需进一步结合临床实际情况调整方案。PASS有助于指导临床,但还存在一定的不完善性和局限性。     

2982例患者用药医嘱合理性分析

目的对西安大兴医院2013年度住院病历医嘱进行合理性点评,统计并分析医院各科室医嘱规范性与用药合理性,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法逐月随机抽取该医院2013年1-12月份每位主治医师出科病历5份,共计2 982份,根据《医院处方点评管理规范(试行)》,对医嘱书写规范性及用药合理性进行统计分析与讨论。结果统计结果显示,在抽取的2 982份病历中,其中不合理病历数273份,占全部病历数的9.15%;主要存在的问题为溶媒使用不合理、联合用药不当、药物遴选不当、重复给药、不良相互作用、配伍不当、超剂量使用等。结论该院医嘱书写基本规范,但用药合理性尚存在一定问题,需进一步加强临床合理性用药的监管,提高医院整体科学合理用药的水平。     

基于层次分析法的用药合理性分析

目的：通过对某县人民医院2009年门诊处方用药的合理性分析,以了解该院门诊患者处方用药的基本情况。方法：运用层次分析法,对处方药用药情况进行考察,并结合临床实际,对处方用药的合理性进行分析评价。结论：该院门诊用药基本合理,但仍存在一定问题,同时临床医师与药师应共同加强药学知识的学习,临床医师应加强合理用药,药师应加强处方审核。     

1例抑郁症合并高血压患者的门诊用药咨询服务

目的探讨临床药师在门诊用药咨询中处理抑郁症合并高血压患者用药过程中发挥的作用。方法临床药师参与门诊1例抑郁症合并高血压患者的用药治疗与咨询,患者通过微信向临床药师反馈治疗情况,临床药师考虑患者用药复杂对药效易产生相互影响,根据药物代谢及时辰药理学知识,对给药时间进行合理调整。结果临床药师通过门诊用药咨询及微信平台提供个体化用药咨询服务,与医师紧密协作与沟通及时解决患者用药过程中出现的问题,提高了治疗效果。结论该抑郁症合并高血压患者的药物治疗方案合理有效。临床药师在参与门诊用药咨询中促进临床合理用药、提升疾病治疗率。     

门诊处方不合理用药分析

目的：分析延吉某医院门诊处方不合理用药情况,为提高临床合理用药水平提供理论依据。方法：随机抽取医院门诊处方3624张,分析处方不合理用药情况,统计不合理用药处方比例。结果：不合理用药处方75张,占所抽查处方的2．01％。其中药物作用相互拮抗的5张,占不合理用药处方的4．1O％;重复用药的15张,占不合理用药处方的20．54％;选药不当的56张,占不合理用药处方的76．71％。结论：该院门诊用药基本合理,但还存在一些问题,应引起临床医生和药师的重视。同时医院需加强处方点评的力度,进一步提高,临床合理用药水平。     

门诊药师调配处方审核要点及建议

目的:通过对该院门诊2014年第三季度所抽查药师调配处方的调查探究,总结评估出药师在处方审核以及调配中出现的偏差,对针对偏差提出可以降低该院门诊药师调配处方差错率的行之有效的措施。方法:对该院第三季度门诊处方进行回顾性调查,统计、分析随机抽查的处方。结果:该院门诊药师对于处方的审核调配仍存在一定问题。讨论:门诊药师需要提高合理用药的水平,丰富自身药学知识。并且利用其对药方中的不合理之处加以分析,使其更加安全、高效,提高药品的利用率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the