节理化岩石边坡的稳定性分析

合理详细的地质调查和稳定性分析对公路高边坡的加固设计与施工具有重要的意义.依据地质调查数据,运用常用的边坡岩体结构分析法和赤平投影方法,对广东某省道公路一处曾发生滑坡、崩塌破坏的节理化岩石边坡的稳定性进行了分析.分析确定:该段边坡存在继续崩塌破坏或平面破坏的可能,原开挖支护设计难以维持边坡的稳定,进而提出了系统加固方案.     

降雨型滑坡安全预警模型研究进展

极端天气条件下,滑坡灾害发生频次更高、影响范围更广、社会影响更大。监测预警是减缓地质灾害风险有效措施之一。降雨是影响边坡稳定性的重要因素,降雨型滑坡安全预警系统的研究方面取得了不少成果。对适用于不同岩土类型的滑坡安全预警模型进行分类总结,对未来的研究工作具有一定的指导作用。对研究成果进行归纳分析发现:滑坡安全预警模型逐渐转向对特殊岩土类型边坡的研究;比例尺较大的县乡级的区域降雨滑坡预警更适合我国的国情;目前降雨型滑坡模拟物理试验及数值模拟试验研究仍显不足,降雨型滑坡安全预警模型在实际预警工作中还存在误差。为提高坡体滑坡监测和安全预警效果,未来应大力开展基于卫星遥控遥测技术的滑坡监测与预警预报系统研发利用,加强对各影响边坡稳定性因素的相互作用研究。     

滑坡地质灾害无人监测预警平台设计

为远程实时监测边坡稳定状态并及时进行滑坡地质灾害预警,减少人员财产损失,设计了一种滑坡地质灾害无人监测预警平台。提出了短距离自组织无线传感网络和北斗短报文/GPRS远程通信技术相结合的无线数据传输方案,以及边坡地表变形、地下变形、内力、水文、环境等参数的低功耗传感检测方案,进而实现了免线缆的滑坡地质灾害无人监测硬件平台;建立了滑坡地质灾害预测预警系统软件平台,实现边坡监测数据的阀值预警、边坡稳定性辅助分析和远程支援专家数据访问与会商等功能。该系统平台具有部署维护成本较低、功能全面实用的特点,在边坡稳定性参数监测和滑坡地质灾害的预测预警方面具有一定的推广价值。     

基于改进的灰色关联分析法对滑坡影响因子敏感性分析

以Geostudio软件分析平台为依托,考虑饱和非饱和渗流对滑坡影响的前提下,不仅考虑边坡规模大小、粘聚力、内摩擦角、重度等因素,还引入地下水位、暴雨作为影响因子,进一步完善了对边坡稳定性敏感性指标的范围.通过分析传统灰色关联对滑坡影响因子敏感性缺陷,结合逆归一化思想,改进灰色关联模型,对各因子进行敏感性分析,确定对边坡稳定最不利的因子.通过实例分析,对比和讨论了改进方法与传统方法计算得到的结果,表明改进方法得到影响因子敏感权值更加符合实际客观判据.     

基于3S技术的滑坡灾害敏感性区划研究

滑坡的发生受多个因素的影响,其诱发原因具有多样性、复杂性、变化性等特征,本文综合应用数学分析方法,GIS、RS技术,对滑坡的发生主要因素（坡度、断层、水文、地层岩性、植被覆盖、土地利用类型）,进行量化分析。同时根据各要素的影响程度不同,运用专家评分法,获取各要素的权重指数,结合已发生滑坡地区的记录,绘制地区滑坡灾害敏感性等级图。在Arcgis、Erdas软件平台上,对各要素图像进行叠加,实现预警区划的可视化。通过计算实验概率,检测预警模型的准确性。本文以临安市清凉峰镇为例,其敏感性分析结果与当地滑坡灾害的分布规律存在较高的一致性,可很好地应用于该地区滑坡灾害预警区域。     

露天矿高陡逆倾层状边坡滑移模式与稳定性

为解决露天矿高陡逆倾层状边坡的稳定性与破坏机理等极为复杂问题,采用以平庄西露天煤矿顶帮边坡为研究对象,以Mohr-Coulomb准则作为边坡失稳判据,应用有限差分软件FLAC3D对露天矿高陡逆倾层状边坡破坏模式与稳定性进行了数值模拟研究,通过分析边坡的应力分布特征、位移分布及其演化过程,确定了边坡的破坏模式与失稳演化机理的方法.研究结果表明:平庄西露天矿顶帮边坡处于稳定状态;滑坡是在拉-剪复合作用下形成的,潜在滑坡模式为以弱层A为底界面的切层-顺层滑动;弱层A附近产生的应力集中是边坡发生剪切破坏的外在因素;沿弱层发生的隆起现象可作为露天矿高陡逆倾层状边坡失稳预警的宏观判据.     

山区公路边坡工程智能分析与设计研究进展

随着我国高速公路建设不断向中西部山区延伸，形成了大量高陡边坡，打破了原 有山体的地质和生态平衡，极易诱发滑坡、坍塌、泥石流等地质灾害，严重威胁人民的生命和 财产安全．因此，山区高陡边坡的稳定性分析、设计、处治、监测等问题一直是岩土工程中研 究的热点和难点．由于岩土高陡边坡具有高不确定性、强非线性和动态演化的特征，基于经 典理论的分析和计算方法对上述问题进行研究难以获得合理的解答，而人工智能技术方法具 有处理非线性复杂系统的独特优势，现已成为解决公路边坡工程问题的有效手段．本文总结 了最近10余年山区公路边坡工程中边坡稳定性智能分析计算与评价方法、边坡防护与加固智 能设计计算方法、边坡智能监测技术、滑坡智能识别和预测、岩质边坡结构面智能识别以及岩 土体参数智能反演等方面的主要研究进展，并简要说明了在山区公路边坡稳定性分析与加固 设计、现场监测和滑坡预测等方面推进智能化建设的进一步发展方向．     

基于MIV-BP网络与粗糙集的边坡敏感性分析

结合BP神经网络与MIV算法,提出一种新的边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性分析方法.运用MATLAB程序对边坡的稳定性的影响因素进行敏感性分析,通过对选取的48个边坡工程实例进行神经网络模型的有效验证.并在MIV-BP网络分析的基础上,将其主要因素采用FCM算法离散属性数据,将边坡稳定性影响因素敏感性转化为粗糙集理论中属性重要性问题,综合分析结果表明:各因素对边坡稳定性的敏感性由大到小依次为内摩擦角、凝聚力、容重、边坡角、边坡高度、孔隙水压力比.     

复杂条件下边坡稳定性监测预警研究

目的解决受地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质和采矿空区等复杂条件影响下的边坡稳定性监测预警问题.方法以戒台寺古滑坡体为例,基于戒台寺边坡地质条件分析基础,采用边坡监测预警系统对戒台寺滑坡稳定性进行实时监测预警.研究了系统的感知层、传输层、应用层,根据恒阻大变形锚索受力状况证明了古滑坡体下滑力监测的可行性.结果在戒台寺安装的3个边坡稳定性监测预警站点应用结果表明,滑动力相对变化值PV处于动态变化调整之中,30005#、30002#和30004#监测站点PV的最大值分别为10%、14%和7%,没有出现滑动力增量ΔP持续增大或减小且PV大于10%的情况,说明戒台寺滑坡暂时处于稳定模式状态.结论研究成果为类似滑坡监测工程提供了一种可靠、有效、崭新的解决方案.     

滑坡监测预警云平台系统的设计及应用

设计一套滑坡监测预警的云平台系统,采用模块化设计方式建立云平台系统网络,开发独立的监测管理软件系统;在云平台中建立灰色Verhulst模型,对实测数据进行处理,通过灰色Verhulst模型对边坡的变形趋势进行预测,预测边坡可能产生滑坡的时间,实现对滑坡的提前预警.系统经过调试后部署于广西百色市田林县公路两旁的边坡进行实测,结果表明:滑坡云平台系统能够有效地监测边坡的变形,通过灰色Verhulst模型可实现对山体滑坡的预警.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.