低效纳米孔晶体硅太阳电池性能研究

晶体硅太阳电池生产中,降低表面反射率能够提高太阳电池短路电流和转换效率.纳米孔硅的表面反射率极低,但报道中所实现的太阳电池输出参数(开路电压、短路电流、填充因子)都低于金字塔结构表面.采用对比法从光学性能、表面微结构和电极接触上对纳米孔硅和金字塔太阳电池进行比较分析,来研究纳米多孔硅太阳电池转换效率的抑制因素.研究表明短时间腐蚀的纳米孔硅太阳电池表面沉积氮化硅钝化膜后的平均反射率提高.长时间腐蚀的纳米孔硅表面沉积氮化硅后在短波段的反射率极低,因此平均反射率小于金字塔结构表面.但是由于纳米孔硅太阳电池的表面复合率高,而孔壁上附着的毛刺不仅会进一步增大表面复合,还会削弱表面钝化效果,因此短波段激发的光生载流子难以被太阳电池利用.所以,光利用和表面复合是抑制纳米孔硅太阳电池开路电压和短路电流的原因,而过大的串联电阻是纳米孔硅太阳电池短路电流和填充因子低的另一个原因.     

氢等离子体处理P层对非晶硅太阳能电池开路电压的影响

为拓展非晶硅太阳能电池的应用,有必要提高其开路电压。本文讨论氢等离子体处理对P层和非晶硅太阳能电池性能参数的影响。结果表明：用氢等离子体处理P层可以使电池的平均开路电压提高0．0257V,平均填充因子提高0．039,平均能量转换效率提高0．45％,实验中获得的最高开路电压为0．99V。用氢等离子体处理P层可以提高P层的晶相比,使更多的光子被本征层吸收。此外,这种处理工艺与非晶硅太阳能电池的制备工艺相兼容。     

Organolead halide perovskites: a family of promising semiconductor materials for solar cells

Great attention has recently been drawn to developing cost-effective, high efficiency solar cells to meet the ever increasing demand for clean energy. We have most recently witnessed a breakthrough and a rapid development in solid state, hybrid solar cells using or- ganolead halide perovskites as light harvesters. These semiconductors can not only serve as sensitizer in solid state sensitized solar cells with efficiency up to unprece- dented 15 %, but also function as both light absorber and hole conductor （or electron conductor） at the same time to display power conversion efficiency above 10 %. In this review, we will introduce their operation mechanism, structure, and especially the development of the organolead halide perovskite based solar cells. Based on the achieve- ments that have been made to date, solid state photovoltaic device with superior performance than the present one is highly expected.     

Enhancing the power conversion efficiency of PCDTBT:PC71BM polymer solar cells using a mixture of solvents

Organic polymer solar materials are shown to exhibit better solubility in mixed solvents than in pure ones,which affects the performance of their solar cells.In this article,poly[N-9-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4.7-di-2-thienyI-2,l,3-benzothiadiazole)(PCDTBT0)and[6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(71)BM)are used as active layer materials in solar cells.To optimize the performance of these active materials,the ratio of chloroform(CF)to chlorobenzene used as solvents to dissolve PCDTBT,and PC_(71)BM is varied,which is shown to affect power conversion efficiency(PCE).The solar cell that shows the best performance with a PCE as high as 6.82%is produced using a volume ratio of CF to chlorobenzene of1:1.     

Hybrid solar cells based on poly（3-hexylthiophene） and electrospun TiO2 nanofibers modified with CdS nanoparticles

Organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and electrospun TiO2 nano bers were fabricated by solution process.The ef ciency of the device was improved by modifying CdS nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 by electrochemical method.The CdS layer can lead to the increase of both open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the device,which are attributed to enhanced exciton dissociation and light absorption and suppressed carrier recombination by CdS at the heterojunction.However,too thick CdS layer led to increased series resistance and decreased ef ciency of the device.Therefore,the optimum condition of the CdS deposition was obtained,which increased the power conversion ef ciency of the device for about 50%.Our results indicate that the surface modi cation on the inorganic semiconductor layer is an effect way to improve the performance of the hybrid solar cells.     

高效GaAs/Si叠层电池设计优化

模拟一种高效GaAs/Si两结叠层电池结构,将硅材料作为叠层电池的一个底电池利用起来,拓展光谱吸收.分别讨论了隧穿结和子电池对叠层电池的影响,结果表明薄的GaAs隧穿结可以获得高效率的叠层电池,1.05μm厚的顶电池基区是子电池电流匹配的最优条件,厚的底电池有助于叠层电池效率的提高.优化后的叠层电池在一个太阳,AM l.5G光照条件下,效率可达到43.86％,其相应的开路电压Voc=1.76 V,短路电流密度Joc=28.64 mA/cm2,填充因子FF=87.25％,该设计为硅基高效太阳能电池的制备提供理论参考.     

非晶硅太阳电池背接触界面和n型层参数敏感性研究

在参照国内外大量实验测量数据的基础上,建立了pin结构非晶硅太阳电池的计算模型．通过一系列模拟计算和分析,研究了电池3个外部特性和能量转换效率对背接触界面和n型层参数的敏感性．结果表明,背接触势垒高度和n型层掺杂浓度是对电池外部特性参数有显著影响的敏感参教;背面反射率只对短路电流和转换效率的改善有贡献且最大增幅均小于10％;背接触界面载流子表面复合速率和n型层的厚度、迁移率隙、载流子迁移率等参数对电池各外部特性的影响均很小．根据对计算结果的分析,提出了背接触界面和n型层参数的一组优化值,并指出背接触势垒高度和n型层掺杂浓度应作为理论和工艺研究重点．     

The effect of DIO additive on performance improvement of polymer solar cells

A series of polymer solar cells （PSCs） based on poly （diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene） （PDPP3T） and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester （PC71BM） as active layer were fabricated to investigate the effect of 1,8- diiodooctane （DIO） on the performance of PSCs. The power conversion efficiency （PCE） of PSCs was increased from 3.77 % to 4.37 % for the cells with DIO additive. The underlying reason may be attributed to that DIO additive could make PC71BM more dispersive in the active layer, forming a better bicontinuous interpenetrating network for excition dissociation and charge carrier transport. There- fore, the short circuit current density （Jsc） and fill factor （FF） was increased from 8.25 to 9.18 mA/cm2 and from 67.2 % to 70.0 % for the PSCs with DIO additive compared with PSCs without DIO additive.     

Nanoscale structural and electronic evolution for increased efficiency in polymer solar cells monitored by electric scanning probe microscopy

Control of blend morphology at multi-scale is critical for optimizing the power conversion efficiency （PCE） of plastic solar cells. To better understand the physics of photoactive layer in the organic photovoltaic devices, it is necessary to gain understanding of morphol- ogy and the corresponding electronic property. Herein we report the correlation between nanoscale structural, electric properties of bulk heterojunction （BHJ） solar cells and the annealing-induced PCE change. We demonstrate that the PCE of BHJ solar cells are dramatically improved （from 1.3 % to 4.6 %） by thermal annealing, which results from P3HT crystalline stacking and the PCBM aggregation for interpenetrated network. The similar trend for annealing- induced photovoltage and PCE evolution present as an initial increase followed by a decrease with the annealing time and temperature. The surface roughness increase slowly and then abruptly after the same inflection points observed for photovoltage and PCE. The phase images in electric force microscopy indicate the optimized P3HT and PCBM crystallization for interpenetrating network formation considering the spectroscopic results as well. From the correlation between surface photovoltage, blend morphology, and PCE, we propose a model to illustrate the film structure and its evolution under different annealing conditions. This work would benefit the better design and optimization of the morphology and local electric proper- ties of solar cell active layers for improved PCE.     

晶体硅太阳电池的氮化硅表面钝化研究

为了提高晶体硅太阳电池的光电转换效率，研究了用等离子增强化学气相沉积（PECVD）的SiNx：H作为晶体硅太阳电池的表面钝化及减反射膜对电池性能的影响，并采用不同的工艺路线制备了不同类型的电池。实验发现：同SiNx：H比较，SiNx:H/SiO2双层光学减反射结构对晶体硅太阳电池能起到更加有效的表面钝化作用，提高了太阳电池的光电转换效率。基于界面物理，提出了一种新的能带模型，解释了用不同实验方法制作的晶体硅太阳池性能的差异。     

双重优化对基于P3HT:PCBM有机太阳能电池效率的提高

有效提高太阳能电池对光的吸收效率是提高太阳能电池能量转换效率的重要因素.在以poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)为电子给体材料,[6,6]-phenyl C60-butyric acid methyl eater(PCBM)为电子受体材料的有机太阳能电池中,Poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)与活性层之间插入不同厚度的P3HT层,并在P3HT层最佳厚度的基础上,进一步在活性层中掺杂不同比例的Ag纳米粒子,双重优化了电池器件.当插入45 nm的P3HT层及掺杂质量比为5%的Ag纳米粒子时活性层薄膜的形貌及内部结构得到了改善,电池对光的吸收,及外量子效率得到了显著地提高,并出现红移现象.在25°C,光强为100 mW/cm2的条件下测量其短路电流密度JSC为11.21 mA/cm2,能量转化效率PCE为3.79%.     

The use of electro-deoxidation in molten salts to reduce the energy consumption of solar grade silicon and increase the output of PV solar cells

Solar photovoltaics, based upon silicon, are the most popular form of solar cell with efficiencies around 20%. These efficiencies can be further increased by employing light trapping schemes to minimise optical losses through scattering and reflection which enhances the amount of light absorbed and number of photo-carriers generated. Typical approaches employ antireflection coatings (ARCs) or texturise the surface of the silicon disks, so that the structure consists of an array of needles which can absorb most of the light. Usually, these structures are created by leaching the silicon with hydrofluoric-based acids or by reactive ion etching (RIE) methods. This paper reviews some of the methods for improving the energy efficiency of silicon production, and describes the use of electro-deoxidation of SiO2 layers, on silicon, in molten calcium chloride to form nano-porous black silicon (b-Si) structures. By coating b-Si surface with TiO2, a common ARC, extremely black surfaces with negligible reflectance of about 0.1%, are produced, which can have applications for low-cost high efficiency solar cells.     

NaOH溶液浓度对激光刻蚀多晶硅片表面织构的影响

利用扫描电镜表征硅片样品的表面形貌,用光谱仪测试硅片的反射率,并且用少子寿命测试系统测试硅片电学性能,研究了在进行多晶硅太阳能电池表面织构过程中NaOH溶液浓度对其的影响,结果表明:NaOH溶液浓度选择10%时,有效清除多晶硅片表面缺陷的同时,硅片表面织构减反射效果显著,并能兼顾硅片电学性能。     

在电子传输层中掺杂二氧化钛纳米粒子来提高反式钙钛矿太阳电池的效率

基于CH3NH3PbX3 (X=Cl, Br, or I)材料的钙钛矿太阳电池由于其简单的制作工艺和较高的光电转化效率在近年来吸引了大量的研究。该文报道了在电子传输层（PCBM层）中掺杂二氧化钛纳米粒子从而提高了反式结构钙钛矿太阳电池的性能。通过掺杂二氧化钛纳米粒子,使电子传输层的能级和钙钛矿层的能级更加匹配,从而改善了电子的传输和收集并抑制了正负电荷复合,提高了钙钛矿太阳电池的短路电流密度和填充因子。光电转化效率从原来的12.1%提高到了13.5%。我们的结果表明,在PCBM层掺杂二氧化钛纳米粒子是一种简单有效的提高钙钛矿太阳电池的性能的方法。     

无电解沉积用于太阳能电池(英文)

研究分为两部分讨论:(1)是利用无电镀与自组装单分子层表面改质技术制备用于染料敏化太阳能电池上具有催化性的铂对电极;(2)是利用无电镀与微米压印法技术制备硅单晶太阳能电池的电极.适当的表面改质技术(Self-assembled monolayers,SAMs)成功地开发出一低温湿式制程,可制备出具有高度选择性的铂对电极用于透明导电玻璃面上.通过原子力显微镜分析,发现3-(2-Aminoethylamino)propylmethyl-dimethoxysilane(Me-EDA-Si)可成功的改质于透明导电玻璃上,同时利用高解析电子能谱仪来分析每一步骤的改质,证明钯触媒可成功的接于导电玻璃上以催化铂无电镀反应的进行,因而发现经无电镀沉积的薄膜呈现粗糙的表面而提高了铂触媒的活性表面积.因此利用无电镀所制备的铂对电极所组装而成的染料敏化太阳能电池具有较利用溅镀法所制备的铂对电极所组成之电池有较高的效率.为开发制备双层结构(无电镀Ni3P/电镀铜)的电极于硅单晶太阳能电池上作为收集太阳能电池所产生的电子.结合了无电镀与微米压印法来制备无电镀镍金属为导电层以取代传统的银浆.其优点在于利用无电镀镍作为导电层可降低与硅基材之间的接触电阻(NiP为10-4Ω.cm2,银为10-3Ω.cm2),更可大幅的降低线宽(小于40μm).另微米压印法不只能提升电池之效率更可提高模块之功率.在无抗反射层的相同条件下,利用无电镀与微米压印法所制备之电池其效率可高于传统利用银浆所制备之太阳能电池约1%左右的效率.     

活性层混合溶剂的选择对高分子太阳能电池性能的影响

高分子有机太阳能电池因为其简单的制作工艺和轻便稳定的特性而引起人们的广泛研究。控制活性层的形貌对于提高有机太阳能电池的光电性能有着至关重要的意义。使用两种不同的混合溶剂(氯仿/1,8-二碘代辛烷和氯苯/1,8-二碘代辛烷)来制备PTB7-Th:PC_(70)BM活性层。发现使用氯苯/1,8-二碘代辛烷能使活性层获得更好的相分离效果,从而有利于光的吸收和电荷的分离。相对于氯仿/1,8-二碘代辛烷,使用氯苯/1,8-二碘代辛烷的太阳能电池的光电转化效率从7.21%大幅提高到了8.86%。这主要来自短路电流密度(从15.1 mA/cm~(-2)提高至16.7 mA/cm~2)和填充因子(从61.2%提高至66.3%)的提高。结果表明使用氯苯/1,8-二碘代辛烷作为混合溶剂有利于制备高性能的基于PTB7-Th:PC_(70)BM的有机太阳能电池。     

Au@SiO2 core/shell nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanorod arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting

To improve the separation efficiency of photoinduced charge carries,Au@SiO2nanoparticles(NPs)with core–shell structure were loaded onto the surface of TiO2nanorods grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate by a facile two-step process.The resulted Au@SiO2/TiO2photoanodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,as well as photoelectrochemical measurements.Compared with pristine TiO2nanorod film,the Au@SiO2/TiO2films showed remarkable enhancement in photoelectrochemical water splitting,with incident photonto-current conversion efficiency increasing from 31%to37%at 380 nm at 0.7 V versus saturated calomel electrode.This could be interpreted by the effect of metallic surface plasmon resonance of Au@SiO2NPs,which would generate an intense electromagnetic field with spatially nonhomogenous distributed intensity.As a result,the charge carriers generated in the near-surface region of TiO2nanorods could be easily separated.This modification method based on the effect of metallic surface plasmon resonance for promoted charge carrier separation provides a promising way to develop semiconductor photoelectrodes with high solar water-splitting performance.     

多晶硅太阳电池的有效等离子体氢钝化

文章报道了一种用于多晶硅太阳电池氢纯化的简单试验装置，等离子体氢是通过辉光放电方法产生。三类完成电极制作的多晶硅太阳电池用于氢纯化试验，伏安特性测试结果表明，经过等离子体氢纯化后的太阳电池性能都有所提高，电池的光电转换效率相对改善高达10.6%。     

Enhanced conversion efficiency of Yb2+–Yb3+-codoped glass as spectral converter for photovoltaic application

We propose a kind of Yb²⁺–Yb³⁺-codoped glass, which is used as spectral converter layer to adjust AM1.5 solar spectrum for a better match with silicon bandgap. The energy-level rate equations and power transmission equations are established to analyze the down-conversional effect of the codoped glass on solar spectrum. The numerical results show that with proper doping concentration and thickness the glass layer may improve conversion efficiency by about 12 %. Moreover, we also apply the modified spectrum as excitation source of solar cell in a simulation platform, and reveal that there is about 15 % improvement in practical cells.     

新型LED太阳能电池直流升压电路的研究

在传统的LED太阳能电池系统中,通常采用单晶硅实现其直流升压电路,这将导致太阳能板的利用效率低,造成其使用寿命的缩减。本文在研究太阳电池电路模型的基础上,提出了一种新型的直流升压电路设计方法,即运用两种或者多种材料的合理组合,产生电路所需要的直流电压,将其植入固态光源LED的驱动电路,该方案可最大程度地利用太阳能,具有高效性和实用性。