水机材料的抗磨蚀性判据研究

为了证实水机材料的抗磨蚀和抗空蚀性能与材料的常规宏观性能之间的相依关系，选取4种具代表性的材料（碳化钨涂层、NiCr合金涂层、硼不锈钢涂层和钛），进行空蚀和磨蚀试验，并测试了它们的硬度和抗腐蚀性。试验结果表明，材料的空蚀和磨蚀抗力与硬度和抗腐蚀性有着紧密的相依关系:高硬度是抗磨蚀性优的第一判据，较强的抗腐蚀性是第二判据；高抗腐蚀性是抗空蚀性优的第一判据，较高的硬度是第二判据。     

水轮机过流件磨蚀面修复有机复合弹性涂层材料的研究

根据水轮机过流部件的磨蚀机理,研究了一种修复保护磨蚀区的新材料—有机复合弹性涂层;试验和应用证明,该涂层有良好的抗冲蚀、气蚀性能,寿命达一年左右,有显著的推广价值．图４,表２,参４．     

电弧喷涂工艺参数对Cr13型不锈钢涂层组织和性能的影响

使用CMD-AS1620型电弧喷涂设备,以低碳钢为基材,选用1Cr13、3Cr13两种不锈钢丝材为电弧喷涂材料制备了不同工艺参数下的涂层,对比了不同材料、不同工艺参数下制备的电弧喷涂涂层的组织和性能,通过实验分析了工艺参数对Cr13型不锈钢涂层组织和性能的影响,结构表明:采用低的喷涂电压、大的喷涂电流、近的喷涂距离和低的喷涂压力,可以减少涂层中的氧化物、降低孔隙率,控制涂层的碳元素烧损,得到致密的高硬度的涂层.     

多功能水性低表面处理涂料及涂层防护性能

基于锈蚀碳钢表面,针对一种多功能型的酸性水性低表面处理涂料中主要防锈组分和配制工艺对涂料和涂层性能的影响进行研究,考察涂层的防护性能,并与同类进口涂层进行对比. 结果表明:在基材表面处理等级为St1时,涂层附着力随着防锈组分含量的增加均呈现先上升再下降的趋势,螯合剂所含活性基团稳定了基材表面锈蚀,带来涂层附着性能的提高. 复合锈转化剂将基材表面锈蚀络合转化,进一步提高涂层附着力. 最佳配制工艺为后加复合锈转化剂与低速搅拌相结合. 所得涂层在基材表面处理等级分别为St1和St3时附着性能无明显差异,附着力达5 MPa. 涂层耐蚀性能也无明显差异:耐盐水1200 h,耐盐雾1000 h,耐紫外老化2000 h,远高于进口同类水性带锈底漆,适合应用于大气环境中复杂钢铁构件的维护.     

渗透型涂层混凝土的抗碳化性能

以水泥基渗透结晶型涂层和有机硅涂层为研究对象,研究了混凝土水灰比、混凝土基材湿润状况和涂层涂刷遍数对渗透型涂层混凝土抗碳化性能的影响规律.结果表明:渗透型涂层能够对混凝土的抗碳化能力起到一定程度的改善作用,且水泥基涂层混凝土的抗碳化效果一般要优于有机硅涂层混凝土;潮湿的混凝土基材对水泥基涂层的抗碳化效果最为有利,而对有机硅涂层的影响较小;随着混凝土水灰比的减小,渗透型涂层对混凝土抗碳化能力的改善程度降低;增加涂层的涂刷遍数对有机硅涂层混凝土的抗碳化能力改善更为有效,对水泥基涂层混凝土则不甚明显.     

间断级配橡胶沥青混合料抗车辙性能

采用我国现行车辙试验、重复加载蠕变试验、动态模量试验等室内试验和工程验证,通过对比间断级配橡胶沥青混合料ARAC13与苯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯嵌段共聚物改性沥青(SBS改性沥青)混合料SMA13的性能指标,研究ARAC13的抗车辙性能.室内试验结果表明,在初期压密阶段,ARAC13压缩变形大、模量低;初期压密以后,ARAC13模量增大,抗车辙能力增强.我国现行车辙试验不能模拟围压作用下沥青混合料的压密过程,不能反映ARAC13混合料抗车辙性能在压密前后的变化;重复加载蠕变试验可以反映其性能变化.4年的工程应用表明,重复加载蠕变试验2 000次后的应变次数曲线斜率可以用于评价ARAC13的抗车辙性能,ARAC13的抗车辙性能优于对比的SMA13.     

几种金属材料抗汽蚀和抗磨蚀处理方法的试验研究

本文介绍了在水力机械的抗磨蚀防护中,采用合金粉末喷焊、金属渗硼和渗铬等方法处理后的试件经清水和浑水磨蚀试验的试验结果,指出了能获得较好抗磨蚀性能的方法。     

静态燃烧合成陶瓷涂层技术及其应用研究

磨蚀是一种常见的材料失效形式 ,陶瓷涂层技术是解决磨蚀问题的重要途径之一。介绍了燃烧合成涂层技术的原理及制备陶瓷内衬复合钢管的工艺 ,同时对涂层的结构、组成及性能进行了研究。采用静态燃烧合成表面涂层技术制备了陶瓷内衬复合钢管及弯头 ,其涂层主要由主晶相α Al2 O3 及铁铝尖晶石相、莫来石相组成。反应体系中的添加剂SiO2 可以有效地提高熔体的流动性 ,使陶瓷的凝固、结晶过程得到进一步控制 ,有助于减少孔隙及提高陶瓷涂层的致密度。现场应用试验表明这种涂层具有较好的耐磨蚀性能 ,可大大延长设备的使用寿命。     

转子钢20Cr13表面硬质PVD涂层摩擦磨损性能分析

通过多弧离子镀与磁控溅射结合工艺在20Cr13表面分别制备CrN、TiN、TiAlCrN3种PVD涂层,研究3种涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,各类涂层均能提升基材性能,其中TiAlCrN涂层试样硬度较高(67 845 N/mm²),CrN涂层试样薄膜结合力较高(30 N)、表面质量较优,TiN涂层试样对比另外两种涂层试样性能较差。TiAlCrN涂层试样摩擦因数较高(0.619),其硬度高、结合力好、耐磨损能力较强。在摩擦磨损试验中TiAlCrN涂层与CrN涂层表面所形成的耐磨、抛光作用的氧化膜增强了基底耐磨性能。综合考虑,TiAlCrN涂层为转子表面理想耐磨涂层。     

激光熔覆3Cr2W8V模具钢的干滑动摩擦磨损性能

采用激光熔覆技术对3Cr2W8V模具钢进行了激光表面熔覆.所用的三种涂层材料分别为Ni基合金、Fe基合金和50?基 50%WC.在与硬质合金对磨环的干滑动摩擦磨损过程中,测定了摩擦系数、磨损率随滑动距离的变化曲线,并与基材的进行对比;借助于扫描电镜观察熔覆层的微观组织形貌,分析了凝固组织的形成过程.试验结果表明,三种激光涂层都不同程度地改善了基材的耐磨性.其中50?基 50%WC复合涂层在一定的滑动距离条件下的磨损率比基材的下降约90%,其次是Fe基合金涂层(下降约80%)、Ni基合金涂层(下降约60%).耐磨性的改善与涂层组织中形成的大量硬质相和高硬度的未熔化合物有关.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.