天下第一杉

湖北利川县谋道镇318国道旁,耸立着一棵枝叶茂盛、树干粗壮的水杉树,足足有十层楼那么高,树冠像一把巨型大伞,树干大概要四五个人才能围住。树干上挂着一块醒目的牌子,上面写着“天下第一杉”几个大字。树高35米,胸径2.4米,冠幅24米,“天下第一杉”因此而得名。大树旁边立着一块石碑,石碑上清晰地记载着:这棵水杉树的树龄有六百多岁,是世界上树龄最大胸径最粗的水杉母树,被称为“世界植物活化石”。这棵水杉树极为珍贵,当年的周恩来总理曾经把这棵树的种子作为珍贵的礼物,送给美国、尼泊尔、尼日利亚等国家。上海市还把水杉树定为“市树”。…     

天坛公园的“九龙柏”

北京天坛公园不仅以精湛的古代建筑艺术闻名,也以大片翠绿的苍松古柏著称.这里有大小松柏万余株,其中树龄在三百至四百年以上的,约二千六百余株.在回音壁西北侧有一株非常奇特的老桧柏树,叫做“九龙柏”.这株树高十多米,胸径1.2米.粗大的树干,凸凹不平,好象经过雕刻一般.它自下而上长满了奇特的龙纹,犹如被群龙缠绕的龙柱.许多游人对此称奇不绝.这株古柏相传是明朝永乐18年所植,距今有近五百年的历史.     

黄淮海平原农区杨树人工林生物量和生产力研究

对黄淮海平原农区5,9,11,13年4个不同树龄阶段的杨树人工林生物量和生产力进行了测定和研究,结果表明,生物量依次为16.35,90.49,92.82,127.82 t/hm2;平均净生产力分别为3.27,7.05,8.44,9.83 t/(hm2.a,)各树龄阶段的单木生物量与胸径和树高之间均存在着紧密的相关关系,其生物量分配格局都为树干>树枝>树根>树叶.同时建立了4种龄级杨树人工林及其各器官生物量的回归模型,具有一定的实用价值.     

天然混交林中拟赤杨的生长规律

根据拟赤杨自然更新群落样地调查资料,选择平均木进行树干解析,拟合了拟赤杨胸径、树高、单株材积生长方程并绘出其生长曲线.初步揭示了拟赤杨胸径、树高、材积的生长规律,为拟赤杨天然次生林的经营及人工林的营造提供了理论基础.     

杉木人工林生长过程威布尔模型的模拟

根据5种不同造林密度试验的树干解析资料,利用威布尔模型对杉木人工林胸径、树高和材积的生长过程进行了模拟,并采用改进单纯形法对模型中的参数进行了拟合.结果表明,威布尔生长模型可以有效模拟杉木人工林的胸径、树高和材积随林龄增长的生长过程,但胸径、树高和材积与密度的关系并不完全一致,同时进一步证实了改进单纯形法对非线性模型模拟的有效性.     

紫云地区香椿初步研究

对贵州紫云香椿树干作解析分析,测定各龄阶的树高生长量和胸径生长量并计算其材积生长量,分析生长过程特点。     

红松人工林树高生长的灰色预测

根据灰色系统理论，通过较少的树干解析数据，建立了红松人工林树高生长的灰色动态预测ＧＭ（１，１）模型，可对林分生长进行预测，分析了不同立地类型上树高生长状况，为科学地经营管理现有林分提高科学依据。     

木兰科鹅掌楸的树干解析研究

对鹅掌楸属马褂木进行树干解析研究生长规律,可为其生产管理提供更好的理论和实践基础。采集1棵生长年龄为18 a的标准木,按树干解析步骤,截取圆盘获取数据。研究结果表明:18 a生中国马褂木树高13.6 m,胸径30.2 cm,材积0.53 m~3,生长总量始终保持较快增长,表现出良好的环境适应性;树高、胸径连年生长量和平均生长量均表现出先上升,再下降的趋势;材积连年生长量与材积平均生长量曲线未相交,说明尚未到达其数量成熟龄。前18 a树高生长率小于胸径生长率,以胸径生长为主,胸径形数显示该树种干形稳定。     

Sloboda树高生长模型在火炬松人工林中的应用研究

地位指数是立地质量相对于具体树种的数量化反映,也是森林经营和收获预估的重要依据.为了编制福建省火炬松多形地位指数,根据收集的火炬松人工林优势木树干解析资料,采用Sloboda树高生长数学模型,利用遗传算法拟合出火炬松优势高生长模型.精度检验表明:用Sloboda树高生长模型拟合的火炬松人工林多形地位指数曲线可以应用于林业生产实践.     

冰霜磨炼后 能开天地春——记我国第一个野生蜡梅自然保护区

也许是天地造化,荆巴山系的这一隅,活脱脱就是一个花的天地。春夏之交,杜鹃争妍,热烈向上;夏秋时节,野芳簇簇,千姿百态;冬残春晓,漫山遍野梅花怒放,冰莹玉洁,暗香浮动……。这便是湖北省保康县野生蜡梅自然保护区,也是迄今世界上唯一大片生存蜡梅的地方。蜡梅与腊梅是不同的种,分属于两个不同的科。早在公元1186年,诗人范成大所著的《梅谱》即给二者在分类学上作了区别:“蜡梅并非梅类,以其花与梅同时,香又相近,色酷似蜜脾,故名蜡梅。”保康蜡梅是第四纪古冰川遗留的野生植物群落,可称是一座巨大的“生物基因库”。这里生长着馨口、檀香、黄白、红心、紫蕊等珍贵的蜡梅品种印多万株,总面积达6万多亩,为     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with