产纤维素酶新菌株的筛选及其产酶特性研究

【目的】筛选分离新的纤维素酶产酶菌株,并对其生长特性和产酶特性进行研究。【方法】从堆肥样品中分离得到一株产纤维素酶菌株,定名为CP1,利用16SrRNA序列对比和Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定。通过测定菌株生长速率确定其最适生长条件。采用CMC发酵培养基进行纤维素酶的研究,确定其产酶曲线。测定粗酶液最适作用温度和pH值,热稳定性和金属离子对其影响。【结果】经鉴定该菌株为梭形芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis),其最适生长温度为30℃,最适生长pH值为6。在含CMC-Na的培养基培养,该菌株的生长与产酶同步进行,培养48h菌株生长量达到最大,培养液的CMC酶活力同时达到最大值,为0.46U/mL。该菌株所产的纤维素酶既有酸性CMC酶活力,又有碱性CMC酶活力,并以碱性CMC酶为主,酸性CMC酶的活力只有碱性CMC酶的71.4%。其酸性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为6.0,碱性CMC酶的最适作用pH值为8.0。另外,该菌株所产碱性CMC酶活的最适作用温度为40~50℃,而且0.5%的Cu2+使其酶活降低45%。【结论】菌株CP1为首次报道的梭形芽孢杆菌产纤维素酶新菌株,具有独特的酸碱性环境下的纤维素酶活力。     

植酸酶液体发酵条件及酶学性质的研究

植酸酶产生菌黑曲霉 90 3(Aspergillusniger)的最适产酶条件 :初始pH5 .0～ 6 .5 ,温度2 9± 1℃ ,培养时间 4d ,2 5 0ml三角瓶发酵液的装量为 5 0ml,一定量的Fe2 +和Mn2 +对产酶有促进作用 ;酶的最适作用pH为 5 .5～ 6 .0 ,最适作用温度为 37℃ ,该酶在 pH3.0～ 7.0 ,温度 30～ 5 0℃时稳定性较好。     

纤维素降解菌的筛选与诱变育种

采用羧甲基纤维素(CMC)平板初筛和50℃培养,筛选到一株纤维素酶活力较高的耐高温霉菌MY菌株,其CMC培养基最适pH为6.0,培养温度为40℃,最佳产酶时间为5d.以MY菌株为出发菌株,分别采用紫外线和硫酸二乙酯诱变,以透明圈直径与菌落直径的比值(HC值)提高30%以上或菌落形态发生明显变异为筛选指标,共筛选到97株突变株;通过测定粗酶液CMC酶活力,从中筛选出29株CMC酶活力提高30%以上的菌株;结合突变菌株的传代稳定性实验,最后筛选得到1株性能优良的霉菌MY004突变株,其CMC酶活力比原始菌株MY提高了80.6%.     

产脂肪酶假丝酵母的筛选及其研究

从武汉油污样中分离获得一株高产脂肪酶酶的假丝酵母R－2．发酵研究表明,最适培养基为蛋白胨20g/L,蔗糖10g/L,橄榄油5g/L,(NH4)2SO41g/L,MgSO4.7H2O1g/L,K2HPOR1g/L和吐温－801g/L,最适产酶条件为30℃,初始pH7．0,转速200r/min,培养32h ,最高产酶活力达到1437u/mL,酶作用最适温度40℃,最适pH7.5。     

一株产高温纤维素酶真菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学性质研究

从造纸厂污泥中获得一株产高温纤维素酶的真菌XM5,经形态学和ITS序列分析,鉴定其为土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus).在稻草液体发酵培养基中,土曲霉XM5所产纤维素酶的合成模式为同步合成型.酶学性质研究表明,该纤维素酶的最适作用温度是65℃,在80℃下保温2 h活力残留40%以上,最适作用pH为4.0,在pH4.0～7.0内较稳定,实验结果表明,该菌株所产纤维素酶具有较好的温度稳定性和pH稳定性.     

碱性脂肪酶产生菌--扩展青霉K40原生质体的制备和再生

采用 0 .6%纤维素酶加 0 .6%蜗牛酶的混合酶由扩展青霉 K4 0中获得大量的原生质体 ,并比较了菌龄、二硫苏糖醇 ( DTT)预处理方式、酶解时间、温度、 p H、培养基成分及稳定剂等因素对原生质体的形成和再生的作用 .选出制备原生质体的最适条件 :0 .6%纤维素酶 +0 .6%蜗牛酶 ,在 0 .6mol/L Na Cl+0 .3 %Ca Cl2 ,DTT预处理 0 .5h,菌龄为 1 9～ 2 0 h,p H 5.4 ,2 8℃酶解 3～ 3 .5h,原生质体产量可达 2 .3 6× 1 0 7个/ml,实现再生 ,再生率达 70 %～ 80 % .并对原生质体的释放和再生方式进行跟踪观察     

纤维素降解菌的筛选与诱变育种

采用羧甲基纤维素（CMC）平板初筛和50℃培养, 筛选到一株纤维素酶活力较高的耐高温霉菌MY菌株, 其CMC培养基最适pH为6.0, 培养温度为40℃, 最佳产酶时间为5d. 以MY菌株为出发菌株, 分别采用紫外线和硫酸二乙酯诱变, 以透明圈直径与菌落直径的比值（HC值）提高30%以上或菌落形态发生明显变异为筛选指标, 共筛选到97株突变株; 通过测定粗酶液CMC酶活力, 从中筛选出29株CMC酶活力提高30%以上的菌株; 结合突变菌株的传代稳定性实验, 最后筛选得到1株性能优良的霉菌MY004突变株, 其CMC酶活力比原始菌株MY提高了80.6%.     

产纤维素酶海洋细菌的筛选和酶学性质的初步研究

从病烂的海洋植物中分离到一株高产纤维素酶的菌株TX-12,革兰氏阴性,经鉴定为噬纤维菌属(Cellulophaga sp.)中的一个种.该菌株在温度25℃、培养基起始pH 8.0条件下培养56 h产生碱性纤维素酶活力高达354.8 U/mL.酶学性质初步研究显示,TX-12产生的纤维素酶最适反应pH值为8.0,最适反应温度为60℃,在0～100℃酶活均能保持最高酶活的70%以上.酶液在100℃时仍具有较高的稳定性.Fe2+、Cu2+、Mn2+对酶反应有一定促进作用,Hg2+和Pb2+对酶反应有强烈的抑制作用.     

芽孢杆菌嗜热蛋白酶的性质研究

对芽孢杆菌嗜热蛋白酶的性质进行了研究.该酶的分子量为32kD,最适作用pH为9 0,最适作用温度为85℃,具有良好的pH稳定性(在60℃时,pH稳定范围为6 0～11 0;在80℃时,pH稳定范围为6 0～10 0)和热稳定性(90℃时酶活的半衰期为20min).钙离子和有机溶剂能提高该酶的热稳定性,而EDTA和PMSF则能抑制该酶活性.     

产中性纤维素酶真菌产酶条件的优化

研究了碳源、氮源、接种量、培养时间、培养温度、培养基初始pH等条件对产中性纤维素酶真菌菌株瓶霉菌（Phialophora sp．z8）产酶的影响．结果表明：该菌株产中性纤维素酶的适宜碳源为1％稻草粉加1％可溶性淀粉,最适氮源为0．2％的（NH4）2SO4加0．1％的牛肉膏,接种量为5％,培养时间为72h,培养温度为28℃,培养基初始pH为6～7．在最适宜的条件下,培养液中内切葡聚糖酶活力可达到2．95IU／mL,而天然纤维素酶活力和滤纸酶活力却很低。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.