多孔TiO_2薄膜电极的制备及光电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳晶薄膜电极.为了提高电极的光电性能,选用聚苯乙烯(PS)微球作造孔剂,制备了多孔TiO2纳晶薄膜电极.利用XRD,SEM对样品进行了表征,并用此薄膜电极组装了染料敏化太阳能电池,并在模拟太阳光下进行了光电性能测试,考察PS微球的量对样品微结构和光电性能的影响.实验结果表明,PS微球乳液为7%时,TiO2薄膜电极空隙率较高,孔径均匀,且光电性能最优.     

模板法制备明胶多孔微球

以单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微粒为致孔剂,采用模板法制备了一种新型的明胶多孔微球,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其进行了表征.结果表明,通过调节PS微粒的用量和粒径大小可以控制微球和孔径的大小,且微球表面有均匀的孔结构.     

氧化钛纳米陶瓷的制备及其结构与力学性能

为探讨在无压烧结过程中TiO2纳米陶瓷的致密化与晶粒长大的关系以及纳米陶瓷的结构对其力学性能的影响,采用溶胶一凝胶技术制备的不同颗粒粒径的TiO2纳米粉体经冷压成型后无压烧结TiO2纳米陶瓷.研究结果表明:利用相变辅助无压烧结方法在800℃烧结获得了晶粒粒径小于60 nm、相对密度超过95%的TiO2纳米块体陶瓷:当800℃以下烧结时,TiO2纳米陶瓷的相对密度随烧结温度的升高而快速增大,而TiO2纳米陶瓷的平均晶粒粒径随烧结温度升高则缓慢长大;当大于800℃的温度烧结时,TiO2纳米陶瓷的致密化加快,但陶瓷的晶粒粒径则快速长大.TiO2纳米陶瓷的显微硬度主要取决于TiO2纳米陶瓷的相对密度和平均晶粒粒径,即纳米氧化钛陶瓷的相对密度越大,晶粒粒径越小,则显微硬度越大.     

氯化钠作为造孔剂制备含氯多孔羟基磷灰石实验研究

采用化学沉淀法,制备纳米HA粉体.采用造孔剂法,首次利用Na Cl作造孔剂,将纳米HA粉体和Na Cl颗粒按一定比例混合压制成型,经高温烧结制备出多孔含Na Cl的HA材料.利用XRD、SEM、EDX手段研究多孔HA的组成成分、微观形貌、孔径尺寸及孔隙率.研究结果表明:Na Cl是比较理想的造孔剂材料,可制备孔隙率、孔径尺寸、形貌可控的多孔材料.造孔剂含量为30%,尺寸在160~200目时,造孔效果最好;在烧结温度1200℃烧结时,Na Cl会与HA发生反应,生成Ca5(PO4)3Cl,Ca9.54P5.98O23.58Cl1.6(OH)2.74等新的物相.     

压缩成型法制备TiO_2成型载体

以偏钛酸为原料,采用压缩成型的方法制备TiO2成型载体,考察制备过程中成型压力、造孔剂含量、硅助剂含量、焙烧温度等对TiO2成型载体性能的影响.采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面检测定仪(BET)、热质量-差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对载体进行表征.结果表明:成型压力可显著提高TiO2成型载体的抗压强度,但是同时会导致载体的比表面积和孔容的下降.造孔剂的加入有助于提高载体的比表面积和孔容,当甲基纤维素质量分数为4%时,孔径最小;加入硅溶胶可提高载体抗压强度,并能提高载体的热稳定性;提高焙烧温度可提高载体抗压强度,但焙烧温度超过700℃时,载体的比表面积和孔容急剧下降,载体的锐钛型晶型结构逐渐转变为金红石型;在成型压力为100 MPa、造孔剂质量分数为4%、硅助剂质量分数为3%、焙烧温度达到600℃时,所制得的TiO2成型载体抗压强度为89.2 N/cm,比表面积和孔容分别为29.23 m2/g和0.17 cm3/g.     

粉煤灰基多孔陶瓷过滤材料的制备和性能

以粉煤灰为骨料,采用添加造孔剂法制备粉煤灰基多孔陶瓷过滤材料,研究了造孔剂用量和烧结温度对其性能的影响.通过压汞仪、X射线衍射仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜等分析测试技术对试样进行了性能表征.结果表明:随着造孔剂用量的增加,显气孔率和吸水率升高,抗弯强度和密度下降.提高烧结温度可以有效提高抗弯强度,而不影响材料的主要物相组成;当烧结温度大于1 175℃时,显气孔率和透气度显著下降.造孔剂用量为35%,烧结温度为1 175℃时,可制得抗弯强度大、气孔发达及高比表面积的多孔陶瓷过滤材料.     

铁掺杂纳米二氧化钛介孔材料的合成、结构与性能

以TiCl4、FeCl3·6H2O和NH3·H2O等为原料,以有机大分子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)为模板和结构导向剂,采用水热法制备出铁掺杂纳米TiO2介孔材料.X射线衍射分析结果表明,产品为锐钛矿结构.透射电镜观察发现样品为球形,粒径约为10～15 nm,颗粒之间显示出无序孔道.N2吸附-脱附等温线形状为Langmuir Ⅳ型,是典型的介孔结构吸附-脱附等温线,其最可几孔径为20 nm.利用该纳米TiO2介孔材料作为光催化剂对有机染料进行了吸附和降解实验,发现介孔材料比非介孔材料对染料具有更强的吸附性和降解效果,在日光照射60 min后对藏蓝染料的降解率达到了100%.     

气体静压轴承用多孔SiC陶瓷的制备及静态性能

以α-SiC和β-SiC粉末为原料,羧甲基纤维素为造孔剂,制备了多孔SiC陶瓷.探讨了烧结温度、成型压力和造孔剂含量对SiC陶瓷的气孔率、显气孔率以及弯曲强度的影响,研究了用不同渗透率的多孔SiC陶瓷制备气体静压轴承的承载能力和静态刚度.结果表明:在高温下,β-SiC转变为α-SiC,同时,通过α-SiC的蒸发-凝聚过程实现了SiC陶瓷的烧结,并形成无收缩自结合结构;试样的气孔率和显气孔率随烧结温度和成型压力的增加而略有降低,但弯曲强度却增大;造孔剂含量越高,试样的气孔率和显气孔率越大,弯曲强度越低.添加质量分数为10%的造孔剂,经250MPa冷等静压成型,在2 400℃下制备的试样气孔率和显气孔率分别为28.91%和24.03%,渗透率为7.74×10-13 m2,弯曲强度为63.8MPa.因此,多孔SiC陶瓷的渗透率越低,利用它制备的气体静压轴承的承载能力越低,静态刚度就越高.     

多孔纳米TiO2薄膜的制备及其光催化脱除NO的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2多孔薄膜.通过XRD对薄膜进行了物相分析,利用自制的反应器讨论了聚乙二醇(PEG)的相对分子质量和添加量、温度、镀膜次数对TiO2薄膜光催化氧化NO活性的影响,并考察了再生过程对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响.研究结果表明:相对分子质量为1 000的PEG是制备多孔TiO2薄膜合适的造孔剂,其最佳添加量w(PEG)为0.5%;制膜的最佳温度在450℃左右;最佳镀膜次数为16次;NaOH溶液相对蒸馏水可更好地使薄膜再生,再生后可使薄膜的光催化活性更稳定.     

由化工脱水污泥烧制陶粒

以综合化工污泥、膨润土和造孔剂为原料,制成粒径为3～6mm水处理用的生料球,经烘干、预热、焙烧等工艺过程,进行了陶粒填料的合成研究. 采用正交试验进行陶粒的制备,测定了所制备陶粒的堆积密度、表观密度、比表面积、筒压强度和磨损率等性能,分析了造孔剂掺量、污泥与膨润土配比、预热时间、预热温度及烧结温度等不同因素对陶粒主要性能的影响. 根据作为水处理填料的材料应遵循的原则和对陶粒各性能分析的结果,确定了烧制污泥陶粒的最佳工艺参数:造孔剂掺量5%、污泥与膨润土比例4∶6、预热时间30min、预热温度400℃、烧结温度1140℃. 扫描电镜照片揭示了陶粒表面和内部孔隙特征及不同烧结温度下陶粒内部孔隙的变化特征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.