微波强化内电解对含对硝基苯酚废水的处理

研究微波铁炭内电解对含对硝基苯酚废水的处理,初步探讨了对硝基苯酚降解反应机理.结果表明,微波不仅强化了铁炭内电解作用,而且在铁的存在下还促进了活性炭的再生.当微波功率为900 W、作用时间为15 min、铁炭质量比为1∶1～1.5∶1以及pH值为5时,对硝基苯酚去除率高达98%.     

微波强化内电解处理活性艳红X-3B染色废水

提出一种微波强化内电解处理染色废水的新方法，结果表明：微波不仅可以再生炭铁混合物，而且可以氧化分解活性炭吸附的染料：铁屑不仅与活性炭构成内电解作用同时还可以促进微波再生活性炭：微波作用多次后炭铁混合物对废水的去除率仍能保持色度去除率99％、COD去除率64％；探讨了微波作用时间、微波作用次数、铁屑粒径，炭铁比例、pH值等因素对废水去除率的影响。并初步探讨了其反应机理。     

微波再生铁屑-活性炭处理染料废水

提出一种运用微波再生活性炭与铁屑混合物处理染料废水的新方法，结果表明：炭铁混合物较单独活性炭对染液废水的去除率有明显提高；铁屑的加入可以促进微波再生、活化活性炭，同时吸附在活性炭中的染料得到降解；微波作用多次后炭铁对废7K的去除率仍能保持色度去除率99％以上、COD去除率64％以上；探讨了铁屑粒径、炭铁比例、微波作用时间、微波作用次数等因素对废水去除率的影响。     

微波等离子体强化内电解降解活性艳蓝 KN-R染料溶液

采用微波等离子体强化内电解技术处理活性艳蓝KN-R溶液．考察活性炭、铁屑、体积比为1：1的铁碳混合物在单纯反复内电解(吸附)和微波等离子体再生反复内电解(吸附)中的脱色率和CODCr去除率。结果表明：铁碳混合物反复微波再生利用四次,脱色率仅下降了3．92％,CODCr去除率也仅下降了8．03％．比同等条件下的单独活性炭和单独铁屑都要好。从SEM分析上可以看到．经过微波等离子体再生处理．活性炭内部孔隙增大,铁屑表面遍及峰窝状凹孔,比表面积增大．内电解效率提高。     

铁屑吸附-微波辐照-内电解处理活性嫩黄废水

以活性嫩黄为模型化合物,提出了一种新的“铁屑吸附-微波辐照-内电解”协同处理染料废水的方法。试验结果表明:吸附在铁屑表面的染料通过微波催化裂解和内电解协同作用迅速降解,染料溶液的脱色率和COD去除率达到99%和67%以上。废铁屑经8次使用后仍有良好的处理效果。     

增强型内电解-光催化处理活性艳兰染料废水研究

以活性艳兰K-3R染料废水为处理对象,采用增强型内电解-光催化组合工艺,对影响处理效果的因素进行研究,得出增强型内电解-光催化处理活性艳兰K-3R最佳的工艺条件.结果表明:增强型内电解处理活性艳兰K-3R适宜的工艺条件为:处理时间20 min、pH值4～6或8～10、液固比1∶1(mL∶g).在此条件下,CODCr去除率达到80％左右,色度去除率达到95％以上.增强型内电解光催化组合方法处理活性艳兰K-3R的适宜工艺条件为:草酸钠加入量4 g/L、液固比2∶1(mL∶g)、内电解时间20 min、光照时间20 h.在此条件下,CODCr去除率达到90％左右.     

微电解法处理中药废水色度的研究

依据微电解的基本原理,采用铁炭法对中药废水色度处理进行研究。考察了铁炭质量比、进水pH值和水力停留时间对去除效果的影响。实验结果在铁炭质量比为2∶1,进水pH为5.0,废水在微电解柱中的停留时间为120min时,色度去除效果最佳,去除率达到95%以上。     

电解染料废水中电极配置的研究

在电解法处理染料废水中对不同的电极配置做了研究，分别对6类染料废水进行了处理实验，实验结果表明：在本实验装置电解染料废水中，15mm阴阳极间距的8目（64孔／mm^2)铁网电极对染料废水的色度和COD（化学需氧量）去除效果较好，而且能耗不大，经过6min实验，色度去除率达95％以上，COD去除率达80％以上。     

高铁酸钾对偶氮及醌类染料的脱色作用

研究了高铁酸钾对偶氮蓝、铬黑T、偶氮胂III、酸性铬蓝K和甲基橙5种偶氮染料及一种醌类染料茜素红的脱色作用,结果表明L除偶氮蓝、酸性格蓝K外,其它4种染液均可在30分钟内达到95％以上的脱色率,pH≤2时,茜素红染液的脱色率可达95％以上;pH≤6jf ,偶氮伸III染液的脱色率可达95％以上;pH≤7时,其它4种染液的脱色率均可达95％以上,另外,染液浓度不同,脱色时所需高铁酸钾的量也不同,但高铁酸钾的用量并不随染液浓度成正比例增加,因此,处理浓度的染液成本不会成倍增加。     

微波强化ClO_2催化氧化处理活性艳黄染料废水

以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍-沉淀法制备了CuOn–La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂。探讨了ClO2浓度、微波辐照功率及辐照时间、催化剂用量、体系pH值、体系温度及不同工艺对活性黄染料废水去除效能的影响。结果证实了微波强化ClO2催化氧化法的高效性和可行性。研究表明：微波强化ClO2催化氧化法能够有效去除水中活性艳黄染料,缩短反应时间,减少催化剂用量,拓宽pH值使用范围。对于200mg/L的染料废水,其处理的最佳工艺条件为：微波辐照功率400W,辐照时间1.5min,催化剂CuOn–La2O3/γ-Al2O3加入量70g/L,ClO2浓度80mg/L,体系pH值为7,在此工艺条件下,脱色率达92.24%。对比不同处理工艺,微波强化ClO2催化氧化法能够显著地提高水中活性艳黄染料的去除效果,为染料废水的处理提供了一种行之有效的新方法。     

基于优化氧化铁皮和焦粉配比的铁矿烧结过程NOx减排研究

Reducing NO_x emission of iron ore sintering process in a cost effective manner is a challenge for the iron and steel industry at present. Effects of the proportion of mill scale and coke breeze on the NO_x emission, strength of sinter, and sinter indexes were studied by combustion and sinter pot tests. Results showed that the peak value of NO concentration, total of NO emission, and fuel-N conversion rate gradually decreased as the proportions of the mill scale increased because NO was reduced to N₂ by Fe₃O₄, FeO, and Fe in the mill scale. The strength of sinter reached the highest value at 8.0wt% mill scale due to the formation of minerals with low melting point. The fuel-N conversion rate slightly fluctuated and total NO_x emission significantly decreased with the decreased proportions of coke breeze because CO formation and content of N element in the sintered mixture decreased. However, the sinter strength also decreased due to the decrease in the amount of the melting minerals. Furthermore, results of the sinter pot tests indicated that NO_x emission decreased. The sinter indexes performed well when the proportions of mill scale and coke breeze were 8.0wt% and 3.70wt% respectively in the sintered mixture.     

Reduction of NO_x emission based on optimized proportions of mill scale and coke breeze in sintering process

Reducing NO_x emission of iron ore sintering process in a cost effective manner is a challenge for the iron and steel industry at present. Effects of the proportion of mill scale and coke breeze on the NO_x emission, strength of sinter, and sinter indexes were studied by combustion and sinter pot tests. Results showed that the peak value of NO concentration, total of NO emission, and fuel-N conversion rate gradually decreased as the proportions of the mill scale increased because NO was reduced to N_2 by Fe_3O_4, FeO, and Fe in the mill scale. The strength of sinter reached the highest value at 8.0 wt% mill scale due to the formation of minerals with low melting point. The fuel-N conversion rate slightly fluctuated and total NO_x emission significantly decreased with the decreased proportions of coke breeze because CO formation and content of N element in the sintered mixture decreased. However, the sinter strength also decreased due to the decrease in the amount of the melting minerals. Furthermore, results of the sinter pot tests indicated that NO_x emission decreased. The sinter indexes performed well when the proportions of mill scale and coke breeze were 8.0 wt% and 3.70 wt% respectively in the sintered mixture.     

气化灰渣的理化性质及其对石油焦/CO2气化反应特性的影响

采用XRF、XRD和SEM/EDS等分析手段对神华煤气化灰渣的理化性质进行了表征,并考察了气化灰渣对金山石油焦/CO2气化反应活性的影响。结果表明:炉底灰渣和炉顶飞灰的灰分质量分数分别为78.39%和62.71%;炉底灰渣中Ca和Fe的质量分数较炉顶飞灰高,而炉顶飞灰中Si和Al的质量分数则比炉底灰渣高;气化灰渣中的矿物质主要以对气化反应无催化活性的惰性物质形态存在,炉底灰渣中对含碳物料气化反应有催化作用的主要是少量的硫酸钙、氧化铁和钾芒硝(K3Na(SO4)2),而炉顶飞灰中则是少量的硫酸钙;随着气化灰渣添加量的增加,石油焦催化气化反应速率达到最大值时所对应的转化率逐渐减小。当气化灰渣的添加量为5%~30%时,石油焦的气化活性提高了2~7倍,其中炉底灰渣的催化活性稍优于炉顶飞灰。     

微波反应制备纳米TiO2-Fe2O3复合材料及其光催化性能

以TiCl4,FeCl3为原料,尿素为沉淀剂,采用微波加热,均相沉淀法合成了一系列纳米TiO2-Fe2O3复合材料.XRD分析证明反应前驱体为非晶态,500 ℃以上转变为锐钛矿结构.TEM形貌观察,粒子基本为球形,平均粒径为20 nm.EDS分析证明产品中Ti∶Fe的分析测定值与实际的投料值基本一致,并且掺杂均匀性好.光吸收及光催化实验发现Fe的摩尔分数为5%时,光催化效果最好,在日光照射180 min后,此TiO2-Fe2O3复合材料对藏蓝染料溶液降解率接近100%.     

纳米Fe3O4/PANI复合体系的微波电磁特性研究

用原位化学反应生成法制备了纳米Fe3O4/PANI复合材料,研究了样品在2~18 GHz范围的微波电磁特性与吸收性能以及复合材料组分对电导率、密度的影响.结果表明,Fe3O4颗粒尺寸约12.7 nm,Fe3O4在复合体系中的质量分数为35%左右时,电导率最大,密度相对较低,微波吸收率最高,吸收峰值为-21 dB,-10 dB频宽大于4 GHz,样品同时具有电损耗和磁损耗.可见,通过优化设计,纳米Fe3O4/PANI复合体系可以成为一种性能优良的微波吸收材料.     

富里酸对生物成因次生高铁矿物形成的影响

为揭示在富硫酸盐环境中富里酸对生物成因次生高铁矿物形成的影响，通过摇瓶试验，研究了嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌（A. ferrooxidans）参与不同富里酸浓度，对次生高铁矿物合成体系中pH、Fe2+氧化率、TFe沉淀率，以及矿物矿相、官能团、形貌和元素组成的影响。结果表明，pH变化整体呈现先上升后下降的趋势。富里酸浓度0.2-0.4 g/L体系在72h内Fe2+完全氧化，富里酸浓度0.6-1.0 g/L体系在144 h后Fe2+逐渐完全氧化，FA-0.2 g/L体系最高氧化速率（6.69 mmoL/L）是空白组（3.93 mmoL/L）的1.7倍，表明低浓度的富里酸能够促进Fe2+的氧化，提高氧化速率，高浓度的富里酸对A. ferrooxidans活性具有抑制作用，使氧化率降低，Fe2+最高氧化速率延迟。富里酸浓度低于0.4 g/L时，TFe沉淀率与空白组相近；富里酸浓度高于0.6 g/L时，TFe沉淀率比空白组有显著的提高，富里酸浓度的提高促进了Fe3+的水解。随着富里酸浓度提高，次生高铁矿物主衍射峰强度逐渐增强，但其官能团未发生改变，在富里酸浓度0.6-1.0 g/L体系中可以通过SEM察到施氏矿物且其含量逐渐增加，通过EDS分析，试验组K元素含量低于空白组，N和C元素高于空白组，表明富里酸浓度提高抑制黄钾铁矾的生成，有利于黄铵铁矾和施氏矿物的生成且次生高铁矿物对富里酸具有吸附作用     

Carbothermal reduction characteristics of oxidized Mn ore through conventional heating and microwave heating

For the purpose of exploring a potential process to produce FeMn, the effects of microwave heating on the carbothermal reduction characteristics of oxidized Mn ore was investigated. The microwave heating curve of the mixture of oxidized Mn ore and coke was analyzed in association with the characterization of dielectric properties. The comparative experiments were conducted on the carbothermal reductions through conventional and microwave heatings at temperatures ranging from 973 to 1373 K. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that carbothermal reactions under microwave heating proceeded to a greater extent and at a faster pace compared with those under conventional heating. The metal phases were observed in the microstructures only under microwave heating. The carbothermal reduction process under microwave heating was discussed. The electric and magnetic susceptibility differences were introduced into the thermodynamics analysis for the formation of metal Mn. The developed thermodynamics considered that microwave heating could make the reduction of Mn O to Mn more accessible and increase the reduction extent.