MMVA柴油低温流动性改进剂的合成及性能评价

介绍了甲基丙烯酸酯-马来酸酐-醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酰胺四元共聚物类柴油低温流动改进剂的合成,通过正交实验和极差分析确定了最佳合成工艺条件:单体物质的量之比为2∶1∶1∶0.5,引发剂用量0.5%,反应温度90℃,反应时间6h.在实验室考察了它的降凝助滤效果及与其他降凝剂和非离子表面活性剂的复配效果.实验表明,在长庆石化分公司混合柴油中加入0.05%的该共聚物可使其凝点下降10℃,冷滤点下降2℃.与甲基丙烯酸十八酯-马来酸酐二元共聚物和表面活性剂甲基单乙醇胺盐复配使用时,可使其冷滤点下降4℃.     

丙烯酸酯类降凝剂的Monte Carlo模拟计算及分子结构设计

采用Monte Carlo方法模拟计算丙烯酸酯类聚合物降凝剂与原油蜡烃组分之间的相互作用力,在此基础上设计、优化降凝剂的分子结构。根据模拟计算结果,合成丙烯酸十八酯同极性单体马来酸酐和苯乙烯的共聚物降凝剂。结果表明,丙烯酸十八酯-马来酸酐-苯乙烯三元共聚物单体比例为8∶1∶1时,降凝剂对原油的感受性最佳。实验结果与模拟计算结果一致,验证了理论计算的可靠性。     

α-蒎烯-马来酰胺基乙醇非离子表面活性剂的合成

在无催化剂的条件下,用α-蒎烯-马来酸酐加成物与二乙醇胺反应合成α-蒎烯-马来酰胺基乙醇非离子表面活性剂,较佳的工艺条件为n(α-蒎烯-马来酸酐)∶n(二乙醇胺)=1∶2.2,反应温度140℃,反应时间4 h,收率达81%以上.用IR、TLC、MS1、H NMR等多种方法对产物进行分析和表征,并测得产物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.03 mol/L,此时的表面张力σ为32.0 mN/m.     

苯乙烯-马来酸酐交替共聚物合成及表征

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,采用溶液沉淀聚合工艺合成了苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物,并详细考察了聚合温度、引发剂用量、单体配比及聚合时间对聚合反应的影响.结果表明在温度80℃、引发剂用量0.7%、苯乙烯与马来酸酐配比1:1、时间2 h的条件下,聚合物收率可达96.6%.用13C NMR、IR、GPC、元素分...     

α-蒎烯-马来二酸二异辛酯的合成

在对甲苯磺酸催化下,将α-蒎烯-马来酸酐加成物(TMA)与异辛醇反应,合成一种新型的类增塑剂物:α-蒎烯-马来二酸二异辛酯,并利用正交试验确立合成的最优工艺条件,用TLC、IR、MS、1H NMR分析方法对目标产物进行分析和表征。合成α-蒎烯-马来二酸二异辛酯的最优工艺条件为:TMA与异辛醇物质的量比是1∶3.5,反应温度130℃,反应时间180min,催化剂用量1.0%(以TMA质量计)。反应的酯化率在93%以上,产率为90%以上。     

磺化马来酸酐-丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的合成

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了马来酸酐(MAH)-丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酸甲酯(MA)共聚物,然后滴加浓硫酸(SS)对聚合物进行磺化,得到磺化的共聚物型阻垢剂。探讨了反应物配比、磺化反应温度、磺化反应时间等条件对聚合物产率及其阻垢性能的影响。结果表明最佳反应条件:n(马来酸酐):n(丙烯酰胺):n(丙烯酸甲酯):n(浓硫酸)=1.5:1.1:1.3:2.2,磺化时间为1.5h,温度为20℃。收率可达到79.5%,产物对CaCO3的阻垢率可达到91.2%以上。并对产品进行了红外光谱检测,从而验证了其的结构。     

菜籽油基单甘油酯马来酸单酯与苯乙烯共聚条件的探讨

随着石油资源的日益枯竭和环境污染问题的日趋严重,植物油作为一种可再生的绿色生物基资源,以其产量巨大、可储存和碳循环等优点引起全球的广泛关注.本课题采用菜籽油在一定条件下先后与甘油(glycerin)和马来酸酐(MA)反应生成菜籽油基单甘油酯马来酸单酯(ROMG-MA),然后与苯乙烯发生共聚合反应,转化为热固性树脂.讨论分析了各个反应条件对产物总转化率的影响,得出ROMG-MA与苯乙烯共聚合反应的适宜条件为:ROMG-MA质量分数50%、BPO的质量分数5%、苯乙烯的质量分数45%、反应温度90℃,反应时间1.0h.     

马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物的合成

以马来酸酐和丙烯酸为单体,过硫酸钠为引发剂,亚硫酸氢钠为还原剂,采用水溶液聚合法,合成了用作洗衣粉代磷助剂的马来酸酐-丙烯酸共聚物[m(马来酸酐):,m(丙烯酸)=1:2].引发剂和还原剂分别为单体质量的4.0%和1.9%,聚合反应温度90℃,保温1 h.产物为粘度较低的透明液体,分散性好,色泽浅,螯合力为518 mg CaCO3/g.     

紫外光固化水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液性能的研究

选用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚酯二元醇、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)等为原料,采用阴离子自乳化法制备了紫外光(UV)固化水性聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯乳液.考察了n(-NCO)/n(-OH)、DMPA及HEMA质量分数对乳液性能的影响.结果表明,n(-NCO)/n(-OH)为1.4～1.5,DMPA的质量分数为4.5%时乳液性能最好.同时,HEMA质量分数越高,乳液黏度越小.     

聚丙烯酸酯类柴油降凝剂的合成、表征及性能研究

介绍了聚丙烯酸酯类柴油降凝剂的合成和应用性能。聚丙烯酸酯降凝荆是以丙烯酸、直-链高碳醇为原料，其中n(丙烯酸)：n(混合醇)=1．2：1，以甲苯为溶剂，以对甲苯磺酸为催化刺(w=1％)，酯化生成丙烯酸酯；再以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂(用量5．5g／mol共聚单体)，恒温80℃聚合10h制得。该剂对多处柴油的纯降凝度可达16-19℃，冷滤点降低可达6～10℃。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to