一种新的基于自学习神经网络的静止图像编码方案

为了改善JPEG算法的编码性能,提出了一种新的基于自学习特征映射算法(SLM)的静止图像编码方案,基本思想是:1)先用矢量量化(VQ)对图像进行预测,然后进行DCT编码;2)采用新的SLM算法来改善VQ码书性能.实验表明,与JPEG算法相比,该方案具有更高的压缩比和更好的图像质量.     

一种新的自学习特征映射算法研究

为了有效地提高矢量量化(VQ)码书的性能,提出了一种新的自学习特征映射(SLM)算法,并应用到图像VQ中,实验表明,与自组织特征映射(SOM)算法相比,SLM算法具有聚类特性好和峰峰信噪比高等优点,是一种非常有前途的码书设计算法.     

一种新的基于自组织神经网络的运动估计算法

提出了一种新的基于自组织网络的CFSSOM-VQ运动估计算法,新的帧间预测编码方案采用基于自组织特征映射算法(SOM)的矢量量化(VQ)作为帧间预测,以取代目前常用的运动补偿帧间预测(ME MC).并对SOM算法进行了改进,提出了一种分类频率敏感自组织特征映射(CFSSOM)算法.将该算法应用到会议电视视频编码的实验结果表明,与ME MC算法相比,CFSSOM-VQ算法具有更好的预测编码性能.     

一种新的自组织神经网络算法

为有效提高矢量量化码书的性能和学习效率,需进一步改进自组织神经网络的学习算法.在分析Kohonen自组织特征映射算法(SOM)的基础上,提出了一种基于频率敏感的自组织特征映射算法(FSOM),并应用到图像矢量量化中,实验表明,FSOM算法具有聚类特性好和训练速度快等优点,是一种有效的码书设计算法.     

基于方差分类初始化码书的三维邻域SOM算法

针对自组织特征映射算法用于图像矢量量化存在的问题,为了提高矢量量化码书的性能,提出基于方差分类初始化码书的三维邻域SOM算法,通过对三维邻域SOM算法中的初始化码书算法进行改进,建立了基于方差分类的初始化码书算法.实验表明,用该算法设计图像矢量量化码书具有码矢利用率高、码书的性能好等优点.     

一种方向提升小波变换和网格编码量化的图像编码算法

由于JPEG2000图像压缩标准不能有效表示图像边缘的缺陷,提出了一种结合方向提升小波变换和网格编码量化(TCQ)的图像编码算法.该算法先通过基于率失真优化的四叉树分割算法得到最优变换方向,再沿最优变换方向做方向提升小波变换,然后对得到的小波子带系数进行TCQ量化,最后将量化系数编码输出.实验结果表明,对所给定的测试图像,该算法比JPEG2000峰值信噪比最多提高了1.49 dB,比JPEG2000的结构相似度最多提高了3.98%,解码图像的主观视觉质量更好.     

变比特率均值匹配相关矢量量化图像编码算法

矢量量化(VQ)是一种有效的数据压缩技术。为找出与输入矢量最匹配的码字,传统的穷尽搜索矢量量化编码算法需要计算输入矢量与所有码字之间的失真测度。码书大小和矢量维数越大,穷尽搜索矢量量化编码的计算复杂度就越高。为了降低穷尽搜索矢量量化器的编码复杂度,本文提出了一种用于快速图像编码的均值匹配相关矢量量化器(MMCVQ)。在编码前,首先计算所有码字的均值,然后按照这些均值从小到大对码书进行排序。编码阶段,利用邻近图像块的高度相关性和当前输入矢量的均值共同确定相应的码字搜索范围。实验结果表明,当阈值大小为320时,与传统穷尽搜索矢量量化编码法相比,虽然MMCVQ算法的编码质量下降约0.3～0.4dB,但速度快14倍而且比特率下降0.1～0.2比特像素。     

基于小波包矢量量化图像压缩方法

提出了一种新的数字图像压缩方案——基于小波包的区域联合矢量量化(WPVQ)．WPVQ压缩方案充分利用了小波分析的三个重要特点，即零树特性、多层分解和适合跨区域联合编码．在具体实现过程中，WPVQ又采用了一系列措施来提高信噪比并降低算法复杂度．计算机模拟实验表明，同采用嵌入式零树编码(EZW)的JPEG2．000相比，WPVQ可以在高压缩比情况下保持良好的信噪比和主观效果，尤其适合于对图像进行高压缩比的压缩处理．     

神经网络在图象压缩编码中的应用

讨论神经网络在图象压缩编码领域中的应用.针对图象矢量量化存在的分块效应问题,对Kohonen自适应模型进行了研究.应用了两个DCT的余弦变换域的特征值,结合Kohonen的自组织特征映射(SOFM)算法对图象元素分类压缩编码.计算机模拟实验表明,和单纯用神经网络直接进行矢量量化相比,应用这种技术的图象编码压缩比和译码图象质量都有明显的提高.     

一种低码率语音编码矢量量化算法

矢量量化(VQ)是近年来发展迅速的新型的高效信源编码技术,被广泛地应用于移动通信、卫星通信和保密通信等领域。而在矢量量化中,码本的优劣直接影响到 VQ 技术的性能。本文在研究了几种传统的建本算法的基础上,提出了一种高质量的量化方式——非均匀矢量量化(NUVO),并在此基础上提出了适应 NUVO 的建本算法——多级阈值聚类算法(Multi—Stage Threshold Clustering Algorithm——MSTC)。该方案主要建立在矢量自身的概率密度函数(pdf)之上,因此,在质量上有了较大的提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the