液-液旋流分离管湍流流场的数值模拟

采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)对一种旋流管内部的单相流动进行了湍流数值模拟。通过数值计算得到了旋流管内部流动的速度矢量分布情况,计算结果与经典文献资料吻合,证明了模型的正确,为进一步数值模拟打下了基础。     

油滴在旋流分离中的相间滑移数值模拟

为了研究旋流管的分离性能,应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对旋流管内的旋转湍流流场进行了数值模拟,获得旋流管内的浓度分布、滑移速度和粒级效率曲线。计算结果显示:随着进口流量的增大,粒级效率逐渐增大;在旋流管进口流量为2.0 m3/h时,20μm油滴颗粒大部分被分离出来;粒级效率与实验结果进行对比,验证数值模拟分离效率结果的可靠性和准确性。分析结果表明:数值模拟结果和实验数据基本一致。     

导叶直流式旋流管分离性能的研究

用实测三维流场的方法，研究了导叶直流式旋流管的分离性能与旋流管主要结构参的关系。研究结果表明，导叶直流式旋流管的三维流场与回流式旋管的流场相差很大，虽然不同横截面上的环向速度和轴向速度先是由轴线处向外逐渐增大，然后逐渐减小，但不转向；总体上，沿着旋流管长度方向，两种速度逐渐衰减，因此，增加旋流管长度对提高分离效率有一定的局限性。在旋流管尾部轴向速度和径向速度受导流筒直径影响很大，导流筒直径越小汇流现象越明显。汇流将已经沉降到内壁的粉尘卷吸到气流中去，因此，适当抽气是提高旋流管分离效率的必要手段。     

基于数值分析的离心泵性能预测

利用CFD仿真软件对离心泵内流场不可压湍流流动进行数值仿真。揭示了离心泵内部湍流流场的分布规律,并对离心泵的性能进行预测。对于了解离心泵内部的流动情况、提高离心泵的效率和改进离心泵的设计有很好的参考价值。     

水射流扩孔喷嘴内部流场的数值模拟

利用计算流体软件建立了土层扩孔喷嘴内部流场的三维数学模型.采用标准k-ε湍流模型模拟了喷嘴内部流场,并分析了喷嘴参数对流场速度分布、压力分布和出口速度的影响.结果表明,扩散角和扩散段长度对喷嘴内部流场影响较大,圆柱段长度的影响相对较小,但各参数都存在着最优值.计算结果与室内实验基本吻合,验证了喷嘴内流场分布与射流土层打击效果存在着内在联系.     

离心风机三维流场CFD模拟分析

采用FLUENT软件,应用标准k-ε湍流模型和混合网格,采用分离隐式求解器,对某离心风机三维流场进行了CFD数值计算分析。计算表明:虽风机内部流场速度分布比较均匀,无明显的漩涡、二次流等出现,但风机内部流场顺畅性不佳,有待改进。     

水力旋流器流场径向速度分布规律研究

水力旋流器内部流体径向速度对其内部颗粒的径向运移有着重要的影响,它是固体颗粒径向运移受到阻力的重要原因,直接影响水力旋流器的最小分离粒度。针对水力旋流器内部流体径向速度分布规律基本上是沿旋流器半径成反比的观点,通过合理选择湍流模型,对水力流器内部流场进行数值模拟,得出旋流器径向速度的分布规律基本上是速度值沿着半径向里先逐渐增加,然后又逐渐降低,在气液界面处基本为零,并对这两种结论从理论上做了对比分析,认为标准k-ε湍流模型和Boussinesq假设均不适合水力旋流器流场。     

结晶器流场的模拟计算与结构优化

数值模拟是有效研究大型工业设备内部流场的手段。采用多重参考系和湍流标准k-ε模型对结晶器内部流场进行描述。利用激光粒子测速仪(PIV)测量的实验室小型搅拌槽的实验数据对计算模型进行了验证,结果表明计算模型可以有效预测搅拌设备内部的流场分布。并在此基础上研究了搅拌桨安装位置及运行参数对流场的分布影响,优化了结晶器的结构与运行参数:搅拌桨安装高度1 000 mm,导流筒柱段长度2 000 mm,搅拌转速70～80 r/min。     

缩放型喷嘴产生的空化射流流场数值模拟

应用Standard k-ε,RNG k-ε和Standard k-ω湍流模型对缩放型喷嘴内部湍流流场进行数值模拟,结合理论及质量流量测试试验对数值模拟结果进行对比验证.结果表明:RNG k-ε湍流模型最适合用于数值模拟缩放型喷嘴内部的湍流流场;RNG k-ε湍流模型数值模拟结果显示缩放型喷嘴收缩角使喷嘴喉管部产生了低压场,压差的产生使水射流的空化效果得到了提高.     

结晶器流场模拟计算与结构优化

数值模拟是有效研究大型工业设备内部流场的手段。本文采用多重参考系和湍流标准κ-ε模型对结晶器内部流场进行描述。利用激光粒子测速仪(PIV)测量的实验室小型搅拌槽的实验数据对计算模型进行了验证,结果表明计算模型可以有效预测搅拌设备内部的流场分布,并在此基础上研究了搅拌桨安装位置及运行参数对流场的分布影响,优化了结晶器的结构与运行参数为:搅拌桨安装高度1 000 mm,导流筒柱段长度2 000 mm,搅拌经济转速70～80 r/min。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman