不同碳源作用下厌氧氨氧化耦合多菌系统脱氮效能

为探究不同碳源对厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)菌耦合好氧氨氧化菌(AOB)以及ANAMMOX菌耦合短程反硝化菌脱氮性能的影响,在进水NH_4~+-N与NO_2~--N质量浓度比为1.0∶0.6和KHCO3质量浓度为1.25～2.50 g/L的条件下运行系列ANAMMOX耦合AOB血清瓶。研究结果表明:当KHCO_3质量浓度分别为2.00 g/L和2.50 g/L时NH_4~+-N去除率为100%,可积累NO_2~--N质量浓度达12.0 mg/L以上。在进水质量浓度ρ(NH_4~+-N)/ρ(NO_3~--N)为1∶1的条件下运行ANAMMOX耦合短程反硝化序批式反应器(ASBR),第80 min时NH_4~+-N去除率为100%;当进水质量浓度ρ(NH_4~+-N)/ρ(NO_3~--N)为1∶2,COD质量浓度为405.1 mg/L时,最高可积累NO_2~--N质量浓度达82.2 mg/L,第120 min时NH_4~+-N去除率为100%;当ASBR中过量通入NO_3~--N时,可使NO_2~--N的积累时间延长,此时颗粒污泥形态较完整。ANAMMOX耦合短程反硝化菌可利用葡萄糖作为电子供体进行短程反硝化,经过葡萄糖驯化后,NH_4~+-N去除率提高到43.8%。     

复合硝化菌群处理氨氮废水

从生物陶粒反应器中筛选出6株自养硝化细菌和2株异养硝化细菌,6株自养菌的硝化速率为1.03～1.25 mg(L·d).异氧菌SHY4和SHY5在氨氧化培养基中经过12 d的好氧培养,氨氮最终去除率分别为69.73%和80.78%.亚硝酸盐质量浓度最终分别增加到0.124和0.206 mg/L,SHY5在亚硝化培养基中,经过12 d的好氧培养,亚硝酸盐质量浓度最终降低8.87 mg/L,硝酸盐出现积累质量浓度最终增加0.48 mg/L.采用从生物陶粒反应器中分离出的自养硝化细菌和异养硝化细菌建立序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)进行了氨氮去除的试验研究,经过15～21 d的硝化处理,氨氮的平均去除率为64.38%.     

活性污泥体系中好氧反硝化菌的选择与富集

采用SBR反应器,通过间歇曝气和连续曝气方式对活性污泥体系中好氧反硝化细菌的选择和富集效果作了比较.结果表明,这两种方式都能提高活性污泥在好氧条件下对TN的去除率.最终实现在好氧条件下(DO 值≥5 mg/L),TN (进水TN为500 mg/L)的去除率仍可达50%以上.从驯化后富集好氧反硝化菌的活性污泥中分离得到105株细菌,其中对TN去除率在50%以上的菌株有21 株,可以基本认为这些都为好氧反硝化细菌.对比污泥驯化前所筛菌株对TN的去除率,进一步证实了污泥驯化有利于好氧反硝化菌的选择和富集.图4,表2,参7.     

低碳源下序列间歇式活性污泥法中反硝化除磷菌培养及驯化研究

采集某城市污水处理厂的A/O工艺回流活性污泥作为污泥样品,利用SBR反应器,以硝酸盐为电子受体,在低碳源下,培养和驯化反硝化除磷菌。第一阶段采用厌氧/好氧/沉淀/排水的运行方式10周期,第二阶段采用厌氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧/沉淀/排水运行方式40周期。反硝化脱氮除磷性能的测试结果表明,经培养驯化得到的反硝化除磷菌处理低碳源废水,PO43--P的去除率达96%,出水浓度稳定在0.4 mg/L以下;NH4+-N去除率达78%,出水浓度稳定在3 mg/L以下;COD的去除率达86%,出水浓度稳定在20 mg/L以下;表明采用SBR反应器进行反硝化菌的培养驯化是可行的。     

改进型A~2/O工艺处理晚期垃圾渗滤液试验研究

目的研究组合工艺"缺氧SBR-UASB-好氧SBR"处理高COD、高氨氮、低BOD/COD晚期垃圾渗滤液的可行性,提供一种处理晚期垃圾渗滤液经济、有效的模式.方法在500%回流比下联合启动反应器,系统进水量保证3L/d,调整最佳运行周期,逐步提高回流比并测定各反应器出水COD、NO3-N、NO2-N、TN、NH4-N.结果当回流比达到2200%,系统对COD、NH4-N、TN的去除率分别为96.30%、92.12%、90.57%,出水COD质量浓度49.52 mg/L,NH4+-N质量浓度2.14 mg/L,总氮质量浓度38.71 mg/L.回流比的提升导致系统硝化类型的改变.结论最佳工艺参数下,经由组合工艺处理后出水满足《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB16889—2008)规定的直接排放标准.回流比的改变导致亚硝化菌的比增长速率μAOB和硝化菌的比增长速率μNOB比值发生变化,系统硝化类型从短程硝化向全程硝化过度.     

EBPR的快速启动及其与同步硝化反硝化耦合实现污水的脱氮除磷

为了解处理生活污水的强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统的除磷和脱氮特性,采用SBR接种普通活性污泥,通过逐步提高进水COD浓度的方式,结合短污泥龄控制,实现了EBPR系统的快速启动,并对启动后系统的脱氮除磷特性进行了研究.试验结果表明:当进水COD浓度由200 mg/L左右逐步提高至500 mg/L左右时,29 d可实现EBPR系统的启动,此后30 d内出水磷浓度稳定维持在0.5 mg/L以下,磷去除率平均达99.4%.该系统还可长期高效稳定地用于高磷污水(含磷40mg/L)的处理.成功启动后的EBPR系统内聚磷菌(PAOs)为优势菌,占全菌总数的34%±3%,但也存在硝化反硝化菌和聚糖菌.在EBPR系统稳定运行时的好氧段,PAOs吸磷的同时伴随着脱氮菌群的同步硝化反硝化(SND)作用,使得平均总无机氮(TIN)损失达7.6 mg/L,系统总氮(TN)去除率在70%左右.EBPR系统内除磷耦合同步硝化反硝化,可实现污水的脱氮除磷.     

低碳源下SBR中反硝化除磷菌培养及驯化研究

采集某城市污水处理厂的A/O工艺回流活性污泥作为污泥样品,利用SBR反应器,以硝酸盐为电子受体,在低碳源下,培养和驯化反硝化除磷菌。第一阶段采用厌氧／好氧／沉淀／排水的运行方式10周期,第二阶段采用厌氧／好氧／缺氧／好氧／沉淀／排水运行方式40周期。反硝化脱氮除磷性能的测试结果表明,经培养驯化得到的反硝化除磷菌处理低碳源废水,PO_43－-P的去除率达96%,出水浓度稳定在0.4mg/L 以下;NH₄₊-N去除率达78%,出水浓度稳定在3mg/L 以下;COD的去除率达86%,出水浓度稳定在20mg/L以下;表明采用SBR反应器进行反硝化菌的培养驯化是可行的。     

反硝化聚磷菌的驯化及脱氮除磷性能研究

目的研究反硝化聚磷菌的富集及菌株反硝化除磷特性,丰富反硝化聚磷菌的菌种,为今后反硝化脱氮除磷技术的实际应用提供参考.方法利用活性污泥为基质快速富集以NO_3~-作为电子受体的反硝化聚磷菌,并用专性培养基于稳定运行的A~2SBR反应器中分离得到2株高效反硝化聚磷菌N4. 3和N4. 1,对两株菌的反硝化除磷效能进行研究.结果在两阶段驯化条件下,共历时36天反硝化聚磷菌富集成功,反硝化除磷系统出水COD、TP和NO_3~--N的质量浓度分别为24. 52 mg/L、0. 37mg/L和2. 64 mg/L; N4. 3和N4. 1均具有PHB及异染颗粒,且革兰氏染色均呈阳性; N4. 3和N4. 1硝态氮去除率分别为95. 83%、96. 30%,总磷去除率分别为88. 34%、91. 42%.结论 A~2SBR系统中反硝化聚磷菌富集效果较好,并且分离出两株具有较高的反硝化吸磷能力的菌株.     

好氧耐盐反硝化菌选育及脱氮性能

从活性污泥中分离出一株好氧耐盐反硝化菌YFX-6,耐盐度10%.经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA测序,鉴定出菌株YFX-6属于Halomonas sp.考察了不同C/N质量浓度比、溶解氧、接种量、处理时间对菌株YFX-6在粮果实际废水中反硝化脱氮效果的研究.随着C/N质量浓度比的不断增加,菌株YFX-6的反硝化脱氮效果先逐渐增强后又减弱;随着溶解氧、处理时间和接种量的不断增加,菌株YFX-6的脱氮效果逐渐增强后趋于稳定.初始硝态氮质量浓度约为108.5 mg/L,氯化钠质量浓度为10 mg/L,C/N质量浓度比为8,溶解氧为3.5 mg/L,接种量所占体积分数为20%,处理16 h时,硝态氮去除率为98.69%.因此,筛选出的一株好养耐盐的异氧反硝化菌可以在上述条件下表现出良好的脱氮性能.     

A_2N-SBR双污泥反硝化生物除磷系统效能分析

采用生活污水和A2N-SBR工艺对反硝化除磷过程进行了研究.在进水COD浓度为325mg/L,磷浓度为9.1mg/L,氨氮浓度为65mg/L的条件下,出水氨氮浓度和磷浓度分别为3.3mg/L和0.17mg/L,氮和磷的去除率分别为95%和98%.进水C/N比对A2N-SBR反硝化除磷体系的除磷和脱氮效率都有重要影响,在进水C/N比为5时获得了最佳的脱氮和除磷效率;当C/N比小于5时,氮和磷的去除率都有大幅度的下降;当C/N比大于5时,氮的去除率未受到影响,而磷的去除率却有所下降.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to