活性炭负载Fe_2O_3催化臭氧降解丁香酚

应用制备的活性炭(AC)负载活性组分催化剂催化臭氧处理丁香酚模拟废水,通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面积分析仪对制备的催化剂特性进行表征,考察了AC负载活性组分的种类和初始pH值、负载量、催化剂加入量对催化臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)(重铬酸盐指数)去除效果的影响,并对降解过程中COD_(Cr)的去除反应动力学进行研究.结果表明:AC表面成功负载了活性组分Fe_2O_3、CuO/Cu_2O、CeO_2、NiO,制备的催化剂(Fe/AC、Cu/AC、Ce/AC、Ni/AC)具有明显的催化活性,显著提高了臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的去除效果,催化活性从大到小依次为Fe/ACCe/AC Cu/AC Ni/AC;制备的Fe/AC具有最高的催化活性,在pH值为11、负载量为3%、Fe/AC加入量为0.3g/L条件下,反应60 min后COD_(Cr)去除率达到88. 90%,分别比AC催化臭氧处理和单独臭氧处理提高了21. 13%和29. 95%.动力学分析表明,臭氧氧化、AC、Fe/AC、Ce/AC、Cu/AC、Ni/AC催化臭氧氧化处理丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的降解符合表观二级动力学规律,活性炭负载的活性组分有效提高了反应的动力学速率.     

活性炭、氧化铝及其负载二氧化钛催化臭氧处理制浆废水

为提高臭氧处理制浆废水的效果,分别以活性炭(AC)、氧化铝(Al2O3)和溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2/AC、TiO2/Al2O3为催化剂催化臭氧处理制浆废水,采用扫描电镜和X-射线衍射仪对催化剂进行表征.结果表明:AC、A Al2O3、TiO2/AC和TiO2/Al2O3均具有催化性能,可有效提高臭氧对制浆废水化学需氧量(CODCr)和色度的去除效果.动力学分析表明,AC、TiO2/AC、Al2O3和TiO2/Al2O3催化臭氧处理制浆废水的过程中,CODCr降解的反应符合表观二级动力学方程,负载的TiO2提高了反应的动力学速率常数.气相色谱-质谱联用分析表明,臭氧及催化臭氧处理能有效降解去除漂白废水中的烷基苯类、酯类和氯代烃类等有毒有机污染物.     

Cu2〖KG-*3〗O/Ag复合催化剂的合成及红外光激发下的光催化性能研究

采用液相还原法合成不同摩尔比的Cu2O/Ag(x)复合型催化剂,应用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见漫反射(DRS)等分析手段对样品进行表征.结果显示,纳米金属Ag的存在使得Cu2O/Ag(x)样品对光的吸收扩展到了整个可见和近红外区,且随样品中Ag含量的增加,该区域的吸收逐渐增强,证明Cu2O/Ag(x)复合催化剂对太阳光具有高的吸收能力.以甲基橙（MO）为目标降解物,研究催化剂在黑暗条件下的降解性能,结果表明Cu2O/Ag(005)催化剂具有最高的降解能力,在120 min内黑暗条件下MO(30 mg/L) 降解率达到892%.另外对Cu2O/Ag(x)复合催化剂的降解机理进行了探讨.     

PW12/PANI/TiO2复合纳米材料的制备、表征及光催化性能研究

以(NH4)2S2O8为氧化剂,用化学氧化法在纳米TiO2颗粒表面包覆聚苯胺薄膜, 通过静电自组装方法简单、快捷地制备了一种新型的复合光催化剂PW12/PANI/TiO2,并通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等对光催化剂进行了表征. 同时,利用甲基橙的降解实验对催化剂的性能进行了评价. 结果表明, 该光催化剂具有很高的催化活性, 90 min 时甲基橙的脱色率达到98%以上,降解反应符合一级动力学方程和Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型.     

活性炭负载TiO_2降解工业含酚废水的研究

以钛酸正丁酯为钛源,用溶胶—凝胶法制备了活性炭负载TiO2光催化剂.以18W的紫外灯做光源,用制得的TiO2/AC催化剂降解工业含酚废水.综合分析了TiO2/AC催化剂对含酚废水降解效果的影响.结果表明:在相同反应时间下,TiO2/AC催化剂的降解效率明显高于TiO2催化剂.     

Cu/Ce-Zr-La/γ-Al_2O_3的制备及其三效催化性能

将AlNH4(SO4)2溶液滴入到NH4HCO3和PEG6000的混合溶液中,用沉淀法制备γ-Al2O3载体.然后用等体积浸渍法分别负载上Ce-Zr-La以及活性组分Cu,制备催化剂Cu/Ce-Zr-La/γ-Al2O3.考察该催化剂的三效催化性能,并借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)等方法研究催化剂活性与结构的关系.实验结果表明:Cu/Ce-Zr-La/γ-Al2O3具有良好的三效催化性能,NO、CO和C3H6的起燃温度都较低,分别为250℃、150℃和300℃;CeO2-ZrO2对载体γ-Al2O3和活性组分Cu具有稳定作用,避免了CuAl2O4尖晶石相的生成;La能够显著提高催化剂的热稳定性.     

微波水热制备Cu2O/Cu可见光响应催化剂及性能研究

以铜粉为基材,利用微波水热合成技术,制备得到了壳/核结构的Cu2O/Cu可见光响应光敏催化剂颗粒.扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)分析表明,催化剂颗粒的粒径为4～11μm,颗分布均匀.X射线衍射(XRD)结果证实,Cu2O的晶体结构为等轴晶相.X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析得到,铜、氧原子符合化学计量比.紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)分析表明,Cu2O/Cu的吸收光主要集中在400～700 nm的可见光段.激光拉曼(Laser Ram)光谱分析表明,Cu2O/Cu表面为单一的Cu2O组分.该催化剂对直接大红4BE染料水溶液降解表现出更高的催化活性.在Cu2O/Cu壳核结构中,半导体Cu2O与金属Cu构成的表面势垒结构可以强化光生电子-空穴对的分离.     

Cu/AC催化剂制备方法对气相甲醇氧化羰基化的影响

以醋酸铜和硝酸铜为铜源,分别采用浸渍法和沉积沉淀法制备了活性炭(AC)负载型无氯Cu/AC催化剂,并考察了制备方法对催化剂微观结构及气相甲醇氧化羰基化反应的影响。结果表明,以硝酸铜为铜源,采用沉积沉淀法制备的Cu/AC-D催化剂中Cu物种以CuO和Cu2O为主,活性低;采用醋酸铜溶液浸渍活性炭制备的Cu/AC-A催化剂中Cu物种以单质Cu0的形式存在,活性大幅提升;以硝酸铜溶液浸渍活性炭制备的Cu/AC-N催化剂中Cu物种以单质Cu0为主,并存在一定量的Cu2O和CuO物种,该方法制备的催化剂中CuO和Cu2O还原温度低,Cu晶粒尺寸小,CO的低温吸附能力强,催化活性高,碳酸二甲酯的选择性和时空收率分别达到83.3%和177.0mg/(g·h),200h内平均失活率仅为0.25%/h。     

金属酞菁负载分子筛对孔雀石绿的降解

采用浸渍法制备了4种负载型金属酞菁催化剂:MCM-41-α-(C5H11O)4PcCo(Ⅱ)[Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)].并在室温(25±1℃)中性以及可见光条件下,考察了上述催化剂中心金属、催化剂用量、H2O2浓度以及重复利用方面对孔雀石绿降解速率的影响.研究结果表明:4种催化剂均具有良好的催化性能,在相同条件下, MCM-41-α-(C5H11O)4PcCo的催化效果最好,并且其浓度在0.7g/L(质量为20mg),H2O2浓度为10mmol/L条件下,孔雀石绿在10min内降解率可达92%.对重复性的研究表明该种负载催化剂具有良好的重复利用性     

TiO_2/AC光催化降解水中微量莠去津的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了活性炭负载二氧化钛(TiO2/AC)催化剂,研究其对水中微量莠去津的光催化降解情况.结果表明,当TiO2/AC催化剂在活化温度为500 ℃,TiO2负载量为34.4%,催化剂使用量大于15 mg/L时表现出最高的催化活性,在最优条件下TiO2/AC催化剂对水中40 μg/L莠去津的光催化降解符合准一级反应动力学方程,降解效率为91.4%,催化效果优于TiO2、P25TiO2以及TiO2+AC的混合体系.莠去津的光催化降解途径为脱氯反应生成羟基化产物OHA,OHA脱烷基生成OHDIA和OHDEA.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.