Mn掺杂TiO_2可见光催化降解水中Microcystin-LR

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Mn掺杂改性的TiO_2纳米光催化剂,研究其可见光催化降解水中MC-LR的效果和动力学机理分析.结果表明:随水中MC-LR初始质量浓度增加,反应速率减小;投加此催化剂0.2 g·L~(-1),对初始质量浓度0.1 mg·L~(-1)的MC-LR水溶液可见光反应12 h后,降解率几乎达100%,矿化度为50.87%,且光催化反应过程符合准一级动力学,其降解表观速率常数为0.132 0 h~(-1),矿化速率为0.047 5 h~(-1);FT-IR分析证实了,MC-LR光催化是吸附和化学氧化降解两个过程的协同作用.Mn-TiO_2纳米材料成为可见光催化去除水体中MC-LR高效节能的新方法.     

球磨法制备Sc3+和Yb3+掺杂TiO2光催化剂及光催化活性比较

为了比较稀土离子Sc~(3+)和Yb~(3+)掺杂TiO_2的光催化活性,通过粉末X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)对球磨法制备的稀土离子Sc~(3+)和Yb~(3+)掺杂TiO2光催化剂进行表征,并考察300 W中压汞灯光下催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性,分析最佳掺杂量、球磨时间和不同离子掺杂的光催化效果。结果表明,球磨4 h后,两种掺杂稀土离子的TiO_2光催化剂均出现晶型畸变,带隙能变小,对可见光响应均有明显增强。当掺杂摩尔比为2.5%时,Sc~(3+)/TiO_2光催化剂的一级反应速率常数为0.0932 min-1;掺杂摩尔比为3%,Yb3+/TiO_2光催化剂的一级反应速率常数为0.0436 min-1,而纯TiO2催化剂的一级反应速率常数为0.0263 min-1。显然,掺杂后的TiO_2光催化活性显著提高。     

偕胺肟基纤维对Ni2+的吸附动力学

以偕胺肟基纤维(AOCF)为吸附材料,对不同初始浓度的Ni2+溶液进行吸附规律研究.结果显示,室温下AOCF对Ni2+的吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附经验式.由不同初始浓度下吸附时间与溶液浓度的关系,用微分法确定反应的级数;在不同温度下对初始浓度为0.033 mol@L-1的Ni2+溶液进行吸附,确定各温度下的反应速率常数,由速率常数与温度的关系,结合Arrhenius方程可得出反应的活化能.研究结果表明,偕胺肟基纤维对水溶液中的Ni2+吸附反应符合一级反应动力学特征;其速率方程c=c0e-kt,速率常数k=0.1716×e-Fa/RT,活化能Ea=13.52 kJ/mol.     

超声-光催化脱色和降解染料普施安蓝MX-R的动力学模式及其影响因素的研究

在TiO2悬浮体系中,研究了超声波-光催化对普施安蓝MX-R的脱色和降解CODCr的动力学模式,并考察了其影响因素。结果表明：在超声波-光催化反应过程中,MX-R的脱色和降解CODCr均符合一级反应动力学模式;在碱性或酸性条件下,有利于超声波-光催化反应的进行;当超声波功率为640 W时,脱色和降解CODCr的反应速率常数k值达到最大值;随着TiO2投加量的增加,脱色和降解CODCr的反应速率常数k值先增加然后趋于下降或平缓;超声波-光催化对MX-R脱色和降解CODCr反应速率常数k值均是溶液初始浓度的负一级反应。     

UV/H2O2降解酚类物质动力学研究

利用UV／H2O2系统对苯酚进行氧化降解,不同的苯酚初始浓度,浓度自然对数与时间呈良好线性关系,表明苯酚与UV／H2O2系统中羟自由基反应可以按假一级动力学进行处理,其表现反应速率为0．00219s^-1;pH值由3．2升高至10．95时,苯酚的反应速率由0．00241s^-1下降至0．00110s^-1,说明pH对反应的速率有一定的影响．当反应体系温度由20℃上升至40℃时,间甲酚、苯酚和4-氯酚的反应速率常数分别为0．00419s^-1和0．00582s^-1、0．00219s^-1和0．00473s^-1、0．00160s^-1和0．00459s^-1,表明反应速率均有较大提高,反应自由能分别为29．341、12．521和40．158kJ／mol,说明在常规水处理过程中,羟自由基与酚类物质之间的反应在室温下就可以很快完成．     

磁场对TiO2光催化降解水中微量氯苯的影响

在外加固定磁场作用下，使用玻璃弹簧负载型纳米TiO2作为光催化剂，对水中微量氯苯(＜10mg／L)进行光催化降解。结果表明，氯苯磁化—TiO2光催化耦合降解过程符合一级反应动力学。磁场场强为0．32T时，氯苯光催化降解反应的速率常数比无磁场时提高了12．5％；当磁场场强下降时，磁场对氯苯光催化降解的促进作用也开始减小。氯苯光催化降解的中间产物是邻氯苯酚和间氯苯酚，探讨了磁场促进氯苯TiO2光催化降解的机理。     

在线分光光度法对Fenton降解活性蓝的降解动力学研究

利用在线分光光度法对活性蓝模拟废水的Fenton降解过程进行研究,探讨了过氧化氢浓度、二价铁离子浓度、温度、pH值和活性蓝浓度等因素对活性蓝降解的影响规律.结果表明Fenton降解过程分为两个拟一级动力学过程,反应初期降解速率常数(k1)和反应后期降解速率常数(k2)差约一个数量级.k1与Fe2+初始浓度线性正相关;H_2O_2初始浓度和pH值存在最佳值,分别为3.519 mmol/L和3;提高体系温度能够加快反应达到平衡的时间,反应活化能为25.21 k J/mol.     

锌催化过氧化氢氧化铬黑T动力学参数测定

研究了在酸性介质中 ,Zn2 + 对H2 O2 氧化铬黑T褪色反应的催化作用 ,以及在一定条件下反应的动力学性质 ,测定了反应的表观活化能为 1 1 5 1kJ·mol-1 ,比非催化反应降低了 2 4 6 % ,反应速率常数为 4 1 5× 1 0 -3 S-1 ,反应为假一级反应     

Fenton降解活性黑5的褪色动力学研究

利用在线分光光度法对Fenton试剂降解活性黑5模拟废水进行褪色行为研究,考察了FeSO4初始浓度、H2O2初始浓度、pH值、反应温度等因素对活性黑5褪色过程的影响规律.结果表明,Fenton氧化过程分为两个拟一级动力学过程,反应前期褪色速率常数(k1)和反应后期褪色速率常数(k2)相差约5倍.增大Fe2+的初始浓度和体系温度能够增加k1和去除率,且k1与Fe2+初始浓度线性相关,反应活化能为3.451 kJ/mol;H2O2初始浓度和pH值存在最佳值,分别为2.118 mmol/L和3.     

Zn掺杂TiO2对罗丹明B的降解研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备了不同浓度Zn掺杂以及纯TiO_2纳米材料,对其进行了450℃保温1 h的热处理.采用X射线衍射与荧光光谱对样品进行晶体结构以及光生电子空穴复合分析.结果表明:随着Zn掺杂浓度的增加,TiO2晶粒尺寸变小,平均晶粒尺寸在10~15 nm之间;少量浓度Zn掺杂会促进锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变.以罗丹明B的降解为目标反应物来分析Zn掺杂TiO2的光催化性能.结果表明:Zn掺杂后光催化性能低于纯TiO2,反应120 min后,纯TiO2对罗丹明B的降解率达到了98.0%,其反应速率常数k为0.030 min^-1.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.