青钱柳天然群体间木材微纤丝角的地理变异趋势

【目的】青钱柳是我国特有的单种属植物,是一种很有开发利用前景的珍贵树种。研究青钱柳木材微纤丝角变异规律,可为用材林优良基因筛选提供依据。【方法】以不同地理分布的青钱柳种源为研究对象,通过钻取木芯并采用X-射线衍射法探讨了青钱柳木材微纤丝角的地理变异的和径向变异规律。【结果】22个青钱柳地理种源木材微纤丝角存在显著差异。21年生木材平均微纤丝角为15.8°,变异幅度在13.4°～20.1°。其中四川沐川种源的平均微纤丝角最小,比22个种源微纤丝角的平均值低15.2%,广西桂林种源的平均微纤丝角最大,高出所测试种源平均值27.2%。青钱柳微纤丝角受经度和纬度双重因素影响,在经度上以112°E为中心,向东西两边递减; 在纬度上呈现出以29°N为中心,向南北两边递增的趋势。随着生长轮年龄的增大,微纤丝角呈现递减的变化趋势,用指数曲线描述微纤丝角与树龄的回归关系最为合适。【结论】多重比较结果表明,15年生后青钱柳木材微纤丝角趋于稳定,可作为青钱柳用材林优良基因型筛选的依据之一。     

青钱柳幼龄期生长与木材性状表现及其性状相关分析

为进行材用青钱柳优良家系的早期选择,以4年生的青钱柳7个家系为试验对象,开展了青钱柳幼龄期生长速率、微纤丝角、基本密度及结晶度家系间变异的研究。结果表明,青钱柳早期的胸径生长、微纤丝角、木材的基本密度和木材结晶度在家系之间都存在显著差异。不同家系青钱柳的平均胸径在4.93~6.47 cm之间;微纤丝角的变异幅度为19.0°~30.6°,且随着年龄的增大,微纤丝角呈现递减的变化趋势;木材基本密度和结晶度的变化范围分别为0.441~0.547 g/cm3和37.63%~46.62%。胸径生长和木材性质的变异主要来源于种源。相关分析表明:胸径生长与基本密度呈现微弱负相关,与结晶度呈极显著负相关,与微纤丝角呈显著正相关;而木材性质中除结晶度和微纤丝角呈极显著负相关外,其他木材性质间相关性较弱。因此,在种源层次进行材用青钱柳优良家系的选择可能更加有效。     

青钱柳幼龄期生长与木材性状表现及其性状相关分析

为进行材用青钱柳优良家系的早期选择,以4年生的青钱柳7个家系为试验对象,开展了青钱柳幼龄期生长速率、微纤丝角、基本密度及结晶度家系间变异的研究。结果表明,青钱柳早期的胸径生长、微纤丝角、木材的基本密度和木材结晶度在家系之间都存在显著差异。不同家系青钱柳的平均胸径在4.93~6.47 cm之间;微纤丝角的变异幅度为19.0°~30.6°,且随着年龄的增大,微纤丝角呈现递减的变化趋势;木材基本密度和结晶度的变化范围分别为0.441~0.547 g/cm3和37.63%~46.62%。胸径生长和木材性质的变异主要来源于种源。相关分析表明:胸径生长与基本密度呈现微弱负相关,与结晶度呈极显著负相关,与微纤丝角呈显著正相关;而木材性质中除结晶度和微纤丝角呈极显著负相关外,其他木材性质间相关性较弱。因此,在种源层次进行材用青钱柳优良家系的选择可能更加有效。     

木材微纤丝角和密度与弹性模量的关系

利用SilviScan系统测量了美国白橡(Quercus alba)与红橡(Quercus rubra)不同年轮木材的微纤丝角和密度,并计算得到相应的纵向弹性模量值。红橡木材样品的弹性模量平均值为16.34 GPa,高于白橡的(13.11 GPa),并且从心材到边材方向上无明显的变化。而白橡木材样品中由于幼龄材的存在,距离髓心40 mm范围内,弹性模量值较低,相应的微纤丝角的值较高;从40 mm处到树皮方向变化不显著。沿所测量的径向方向45个年轮范围内,红橡木材样品的微纤丝角明显低于白橡木材样品。     

杉木无性系微纤丝角遗传变异的研究

对55个杉木无性系管胞微纤丝角的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明，管胞微纤丝角在无性系间差异极显著；广义遗传力变化为0．734～0．867，微纤丝角无性系间的差异受很强的遗传控制；按10％的入选率，无性系选择的平均遗传增益为19．51％。无性系管胞微纤丝角自髓心向外随树龄的增加逐渐降低，第10年的微纤丝角比第1年的约小32．1％，方差分析表明，从第3年起，不同林龄微纤丝角之间的相关系数达到了极显著水平，说明对管胞微纤丝角进行早期选择是有效的。     

毛竹材质生成过程中微纤丝角的变化

应用X射线衍射法对不同竹龄毛竹材的微纤丝角进行测定分析,探讨毛竹微纤丝角的生长发育规律。结果表明：各竹龄竹材细胞次生壁微纤丝角的径向变异规律呈现波动趋势,平均微纤丝角为9.4°,最大值和最小值分别为12.05°和7.61°,差值小于4.44°,微纤丝角从竹青到竹黄存在显著差异。竹材的微纤丝角从0.5~1.5 a呈增加趋势,而后几年呈下降趋势,到6.5年稍有回升,随后又下降,直至10.5年生竹材微纤丝角值又变得较大,竹龄对微纤丝角影响显著。竹秆的中部和下部平均微纤丝角分别为9.32°、9.39°和9.50°,随竹秆高度增加竹材微纤丝角逐渐减小,差异较显著。     

林分密度对南方型杨树木材性质的影响

就林分密度对南方型杨树材性的影响进行研究。研究结果表明：①林分密度对各无性系木材的纤维素含量影响规律不明显；②随林分密度增大，纤维长度有所增长，各级纤维频率趋于均匀，林分密度对纤维宽度与长宽比影响不显著；③林分密度对Ｓ_２层微纤丝角有显著影响，Ｓ_２层微纤丝角随着林分密度的增大而减少；④木材相对结晶度随林分密度的增大而增大；⑤随着林分密度的增大，木材的冲击韧性降低，而气干密度逐渐增大。在４ｍ×４ｍ、５ｍ×５ｍ和６ｍ×６ｍ株行距的林分中，随林分密度增加其抗弯强度和弹性模量增大。而对木材的抗压强度影响不明显。     

间歇性淹水对池杉木材管胞形态,纤丝角的影响

研究了间歇性淹水对池杉木材管胞形态,纤丝角的影响。结果表明,间歇性淹水使池杉木材管胞长度,管胞直径,管胞壁厚下降;对纤丝角影响不明显,经Ｔ检验,其差异在０．０５水平下,除管胞弦向直径,纤丝角外皆显著。     

黑杨派新无性系木材性状的遗传改良

<正>基本密度、纤维长度和微纤丝角在Ⅰ-69杨×小叶杨和Ⅰ-69杨×欧洲黑杨F_1无性系的测验群体中均具有广阔的遗传基础,并且相互之间的关系是独立的,表明选育一个密度大、纤维长、微纤丝排列紧密的优质材性基因型是可能的。木材性状株内变异模式揭示了树干利用率。基本密度水平变化呈“马鞍型”,是较理想的类型,纤维长度随年轮逐渐增大,平均纤维长度达到国际木材解剖学会规定的中级长度标准;微纤丝角从髓心到树皮是逐渐减小的。三个性状在垂直方向的变异对树干纵向利用率不会产生很大的影响。     

应用X射线衍射测定木材纤维的超微结构

<正>本文应用转靶x射线衍射仪,测定了马尾松木材不同部位纤维的品区长度、宽度及纤维素大分子链的取向因子;同时提出以(040)面衍射测定马尾松木材纤维平均微纤丝角的新方法。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to