曲霉属产毒真菌DNA的制备及其毒素相关基因aflR的PCR 检测

 研究了用改良的CTAB 法提取曲霉属产毒真菌DNA 的方法,并与试剂盒提取法进行比较。经过改良的CTAB 法能够成功提取出曲霉属产毒真菌的DNA,且浓度和纯度均可达到PCR 扩增的标准。根据合成黄曲霉毒素的aflR 基因设计两对引物,运用PCR 方法进行扩增鉴定,结果表明黄曲霉、寄生曲霉和溜曲霉基因中可检出aflR 基因,烟曲霉和杂色曲霉中并未检出,达到对黄曲霉毒素产生菌进行鉴定的目的。这种方法可为产毒真菌的快速检测提供参考。     

微生物对黄曲霉毒素的抑制机制研究进展

部分黄曲霉菌会对农作物及产品造成严重污染。受相关基因的影响,黄曲霉会产生一种对人类健康与畜禽养殖构成重大威胁的真菌毒素,即黄曲霉毒素,在田间、储藏期或运输过程中黄曲霉毒素污染均可能发生。防止黄曲霉毒素进入食物链的策略有很多,其中采用生物法防治黄曲霉污染越来越引起研究者的重视,也逐渐被人们所接受。利用微生物对黄曲霉及毒素进行控制,可有效减轻黄曲霉菌及毒素对粮食作物及产品的污染,发挥功能的物质主要是微生物的代谢产物,包括多肽、小分子有机物、有机酸、抗生素和酶等。黄曲霉毒素污染对农作物产生的重大经济影响及其对人和动物的毒害作用已引起世界各国的高度关注。介绍了对黄曲霉及毒素具有拮抗作用的微生物种类(主要有芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、链霉菌和一些海洋微生物等),分析了拮抗微生物中所发挥作用的有效成分,阐述了其对黄曲霉的抑制机制及对黄曲霉毒素的降解情况,希望为生物防治黄曲霉及黄曲霉毒素污染提供参考。     

Biological and chemical diversity of cytotoxin-producing symbiotic marine fungi in intertidal zone of Dalian

In this study, the biological and chemical diversity of 8 symbiotic marine fungal strains, with strong cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae, were investigated by nucleotide sequencing, morphology and cluster analysis of HPTLC fingerprint. These strains were identified by ITS rDNA sequencing, phylogenic analysis, and morphology to be Hypocrea lixii, Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Asp. clavatus and Alternaria sp. Their differences in secondary metabolites were shown by cluster analysis of digitalized colors of HPTLC spots, a newly developed method, which produced a similar dendrogram with that of ITS cluster analysis. Furthermore, this method can fully display intraspecific differences and even the remarkable difference in Aspergillus strains which goes beyond the boundary between genera. Their biological-chemical diversity may be the basis of their potent cytotoxicity and implies their potential in producing diversified antitumor or pesticidal constituents.     

黄曲霉毒素产毒菌株的快速筛选法

运用花生察氏培养基、花生葡萄糖硝酸铵培养基、筛选培养基,这三种培养基对从谷物、食品、饲料等环境中分离出的１２株黄曲霉菌株的产毒能力进行了筛选试验．根据黄曲霉毒素在紫外灯下能发出强烈荧光的特点进行试验,筛选出４株黄曲霉毒素产毒菌株．经过菌株产毒培养、毒素的抽提、薄层层析等一系列试验证明,这三种荧光筛选培养基能够对黄曲霉毒素产毒菌株进行快速有效的筛选．     

New classes of interconnection topology structures and their properties

In the first part of this paper, three generalizations of arrangement graphA _n,k of [1], namelyB _{n, k},C _{n, k} andD _{n, k}, are introduced. We prove that all the three classes of graphs are vertex symmetric, two of them are edge symmetric. They have great faulty tolerance and high connectivity. We give the diameters ofB _{n, k}andC _n,k, the Hamiltonian cycle ofC _{n, k} and Hamiltonian path ofB _n,k. We list several open problems, one of them related to the complexity of sorting algorithm on the arrangement graphs. All these graphs can be thought as generalizations of star graph but are more flexible so that they can be considered as new interconnection network topologies. In the second part of this paper, we provide other four classes of combinatorial graphes,Ch _n, Cy_n, Zh_n, andZy _n. Many good properties of them, such as high node-connectivity, node symmetry, edge symmetry, diameter, ets., are shown in this paper.     

山苍子油抗霉菌及抑制黄曲霉产毒的有效成分研究

采用平板法比较山苍子油及其柠檬醛等5种主要成分对8种霉菌的抗菌效力。结果表明,在培养基pH4.5时,其抗菌效力从强到弱依次为柠檬醛、香茅醛、山苍子油、香叶醇、芳樟醇、甲基庚烯酮。柠檬醛对5种霉菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.10%,而甲基庚烯酮对6种霉菌的最低抑菌浓度在0.40%或0.40%以上。同时,在对上述6种试剂与黄曲霉产毒关系的实验中还发现,柠檬醛、香茅醛、山苍子油对黄曲霉产生黄曲霉毒素具有较强的抑制作用,其中以柠檬醛的抑制作用最强,可以减少85%的黄曲霉毒素产生。     

C*-代数的有限维量化度量空间逼近(英)

矩阵序单位空间 (A, 1) 和矩阵 Lip-范数 L 构成了量子化的度量空间 (A, L) .通过研究紧群 G 在 C*-代数 A 上的作用, 证明了由紧群 G 作用的 C*-代数A 决定的量子化的度量空间 (A, L) , 存在一个有限维的量子化的度量空间序列 (A_n, L⁽ⁿ⁾) ,使得(A_n, L⁽ⁿ⁾) 按照量子化的 Gromov-Hausdorff 距离收敛到 (A_n, L) .     

Initial-boundary value problem for a class of quasilinear degenerate parabolic equations

In this work, we study the quasilinear initial-boundary value problem $\sum\limits_{i, j = 1}^m {X_i^ * A_{i j} (x, t, u)X _j u} + \sum\limits_{j = 1}^m {B_j (x, t, u)X _j u + C} (x, t, u) = 0$ , in ]0,T[×Ω;u| _t=0 =φ, onΩ;u=ψ, on [0,T[×?Ω, whereX={X ₁, ...,X _m } is a system of real smooth vector fields which is defined on an open domainM of R ⁿ , and satisfies the Hörmander's condition, Ω?M. Assume that ?Ω is non characteristic for the systemX ₁,...,X _m . Under some hypothesis for the boundary of domain and the elliptic structure condition for nonlinear coefficientsA _ij ,B _j ,C, (i, j=1, ...,m), we have proved that the existence and regularity of solution for aboveinitial-boudary value problems.     

蛇足石杉内生真菌的分离和抗植物病原真菌活性

采用内生菌常规分离法对健康的蛇足石杉植株体内的内生真菌进行了分离和筛选.结果表明:从蛇足石杉的不同部位所分离到的内生真菌的数目有所不同,茎部最多,有100株;其次叶部73株;根部最少,仅7株.经初步鉴定,这180株菌分属于13属,即交链孢属(Alternaria)、头孢霉属(Cephalosporium)、球座菌属(Guignardia)、青霉属(Penicillium)、间座壳属(Diaporthe)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、茎点霉属(Phoma)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、轮枝孢属(Verticilliun)、组丝核菌属(Phacodium)、瓶梗青霉属(Paecilomyces)、刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum).采用抑制率法对所分离到的菌株稀释十倍的发酵液进行抗植物病原真菌实验,结果表明:部分菌株对病原菌有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对油菜菌核病菌抑制率达100%的有37株,对苹果炭疽病菌抑制率达100%的有27株.     

Improvement of xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 using response surface methodology for optimizing the medium composition

Objective： To study the optimal medium composition for xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 in solid-state fermentation （SSF）. Methods： Statistical methodology including the Plackett-Burman design （PBD） and the central composite design （CCD） was employed to investigate the individual crucial component of the medium that significantly affected the enzyme yield. Results： Firstly, NaNO3, yeast extract, urea, Na2CO3, MgSO4, peptone and （NH4）2SO4 were screened as the significant factors positively affecting the xylanase production by PBD. Secondly, by valuating the nitrogen sources effect, urea was proved to be the most effective and economic nitrogen source for xylanase production and used for further optimization. Finally, the CCD and response surface methodology （RSM） were applied to determine the optimal concentration of each significant variable, which included urea, Na2CO3 and MgSO4. Subsequently a second-order polynomial was determined by multiple regression analysis. The optimum values of the critical components for maximum xylanase production were obtained as follows： x1 （urea）=0.163 （41.63 g/L）, x2 （Na2CO3）=-1.68 （2.64 g/L）, X3 （MgSO4）= 1.338 （10.68 g/L） and the predicted xylanase value was 14374.6 U/g dry substrate. Using the optimized condition, xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 after 48 h fermentation reached 14637 U/g dry substrate with wheat bran in the shake flask. Conclusion： By using PBD and CCD, we obtained the optimal composition for xylanase production by Aspergillus niger XY-1 in SSF, and the results of no additional expensive medium and shortened fermentation time for higher xylanase production show the potential for industrial utilization.     

Identification of Markovian open system dynamics for qubit systems

We discuss the problem of identification of the dynamical generators for open two-level quantum systems in a Markovian environment.Based on Bloch sphere representation,the identification problem is converted to the estimation of a 3-dimensional real process matrix A and an inhomogeneous term c.The parameter identifiability and sufficient conditions for completely identification of A and c are obtained.Further discussion shows that the obtained sufficient conditions are not always necessary.The approach can be generalized to finite-level open quantum systems in an arbitary Markovian environment.     

转化三七提取物为人参皂苷Rg3的真菌分离鉴定

从培养人参(Panar ginseng C.A.Meyer)的土壤中筛选出23株菌,分别进行三七(Panax Notoginseng)提取物转化实验.经过摇瓶发酵后,采用TLC法与HPLC法对其发酵液提取物进行分析.研究结果表明,能够转化三七提取物为高活性人参皂苷的微生物菌株有9株,其中以菌株TR-20的转化作用最强....     

A categorical interpretation of Yetter-Drinfel’d modules

It is known that any strict tensor category (C,⊗,I) can determine a strict braided tensor categoryZ(C), the centre ofC. WhenA is a finite Hopf algebra, Drinfel’d has proved thatZ( _AM) is equivalent to_D(A)M as a braided tensor category, where_AM is the left A-module category, andD(A) is the Drinfel’d double ofA. This is the categorical interpretation ofD(A). Z( _AM) is proved to be equivalent to the Yetter-Drinfel’d module category,_AYD ^A as a braided tensor category for any Hopf algebraA. Furthermore, for right A-comodule categoryM ^A, Z(M^A) is proved to be equivalent to the Yetter-Drinfel’d module category_AY D^A as a braided tensor category. But,in the two cases, the Yetter-Drinfel’d module category_AY D^A has different braided tensor structures.     

Fungal diversity on fallen leaves of Ficus in northern Thailand

Fallen leaves of Ficus altissima, F. virens, F. benjamina, F. fistulosa and F. semicordata, were collected in Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand and examined for fungi. Eighty taxa were identified, comprising 56 anamorphic taxa, 23 ascomycetes and l basidiomycete. Common fungal species occurring on five host species with high frequency of occurrence were Beltraniella nilgirica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Ophioceras leptosporum, Periconia byssoides and Septonema harknessi. Colletotrichum and Stachybotrys were also common genera. The leaves of different Ficus species supported diverse fungal taxa, and the fungal assemblages on the different hosts showed varying overlap. The fungal diversity of saprobes at the host species level is discussed.     

隐板裸刺蛇尾共附生真菌的分离鉴定及其代谢产物的抑菌活性研究

为更好地开发和利用蛇尾共附生微生物资源，本研究对隐板裸刺蛇尾(Gymnolophus obscura)可培养共附生真菌及其代谢产物抑菌活性进行研究。实验采用3种培养基分离隐板裸刺蛇尾共附生真菌，通过Blast分析ITS rDNA基因序列鉴定真菌，并运用96孔板法评估真菌的乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性。实验结果发现，从隐板裸刺蛇尾分离的共附生真菌有格孢腔菌目(Pleosporales)真菌7株和肉座菌目(Hypocreales)真菌4株。两株真菌(GXIMD02021和GXIMD02022)与已报道菌株的ITS rDNA序列相似度小于97%,是潜在新菌种，占已鉴定菌株数量的18.2%。所有共附生真菌代谢产物对至少一种指示菌有抑制活性。除GXIMD02019、GXIMD02020、GXIMD02022和GXIMD02023外，其他菌株代谢产物均抑制表皮葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis);4株菌株(GXIMD02018、GXIMD02020、GXIMD02021和GXIMD02022)代谢产物抑制耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant ...     

The Distribution of a CP-asymmetric quantity in the decay channelJ/Ψ→π + π − π 0

The distribution of a CP-asymmetric quantityA in the decay channelJ/ψ→π ⁺ π ^? π ⁰ is investigated. This dimensionless quantityA is constructed from the momenta of the π-meson final states, namely A=P _x ^{π +} P _y ^{π ?} -P _x ^{π ?} P _y ^{π ?}, whereP _h,P _x ^h andP _y ^h are the module of the momentum of a hadron h, the x- and y-components of that momentum respectively, theJ/ψ particle is produced by e⁺ e^? collision, and the direction of the momentum of e⁺ is taken to be the positive direction ofz axis. There would exists the violation under the combined transformation of charge conjugation and space reflection (CP violation) when the average ofA among a lot of events, 〈A〉, be examined to be nonzero clearly from data. In this way, 748 events are selected from the BES experimental data, and analyzed. The corresponding averageA-value is measured to be 〈A〉 = 0.010 39 ± 0.014 61 ± 0.015 2. Further, some discussion of our result, the size of the data sample being need for further attempt and a possible perspective are given.     

一类混杂构形的特征多项式

研究了一类由超平面和球面所构成的特殊的混杂构形,讨论了混杂构形的相交集的交半格以及混杂构形与原超平面构形的Mbius函数之间的关系,接着推广到多于一个球面的较为复杂的混杂构形,最后给出了混杂构形的特征多项式和房的计算公式。     

Dinosaur eggs and dinosaur egg-bearing deposits （Upper Cretaceous） of Henan Province, China： Occurrences, palaeoenvironments, taphonomy and preservation

The Upper Cretaceous dinosaur egg-bearing deposits in Henan Province, central China are divided into three formations in ascending order: Gaogou, Majiacun and Sigou. The Gaogou Formation belongs to alluvial fan deposits containing the fossil dinosaur egg assemblage of Faveoloolithus, Dendroolithus, Dictyoolithus, Paraspheroolithus and Longiteresoolithus. The Majiacun Formation is interpreted as braided stream to meandering stream deposits with assemblage of Ovaloolithus,Paraspheroolithus,Placoolithus,Dendroolithus,Prismatoolithus, rare Youngoolithus and Nanhiungoolithus. The Sigou Formation is shallow lacustrine/palustrine to low-sinuosity river sedimentary rocks with assemblage of Macroolithus,Elongatoolithus, Ovaloolithus and Paraspheroolithus.To date, 37 oospecies, 13 oogenera and 8 oofamilies of dinosaur eggs have been distinguished. Autochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the floodplain deposits, whereas allochthonous and parautochthonous dinosaur eggs are preserved in the alluvial fans. This suggests that river floodplains are the best environments for the preservation of numerous autochthonous dinosaur eggs. The preservation of most dinosaur eggs in brown to red calcic palaeosoils, muddy siltstones or mudstones suggests that the paleoclimate of the nesting area was semiarid. The presence of gray and green mudstone and coal layers, however, indicates that there existed an ephemeral subhumid climate during the middle and Late Cretaceous. It is suggested that such a climate was favorable for the development of meandering streams in a vegetated environment.     

关于非扩展矩阵小波的存在性

用D表示n阶可逆实矩阵的集合,Γ表示Rⁿ中的点集.小波分析的一个基本问题是对什么样的(D,Γ)存在小波.本文证明了当D={A^j,j∈Z}, A是n阶实矩阵, 满足A是对角矩阵块时, 存在(D,Zⁿ)小波. 其中, A₁是扩展矩阵,A₂是行列式不为零的幂等阵.