山东省钻石资源——金刚石

随着现代科技的发展，金刚石不仅为名贵的宝石饰品，而在工业，国防和航空技术方面广泛应用。为此它的价值昂贵，山东省素有“宝石之乡”的美誉，盛产的金刚石粒大，量多。我国数颗特大型和１４ｇ的钻石皆产于我省，金刚石的砂矿产生在鲁南的郯城和临沭一带，金刚石的原生 赋存于蒙阴县的南北三个成矿带，三个矿带由南往北工业用金刚石的品位由富到贫，而宝石级金刚石的含量有与此相反的趋势，根据矿产分布“等间性”的理论，已在鲁     

山东的宝石

古老的齐鲁大地,山川钟秀,物华天宝,盛产宝石,堪称“宝石之乡”。迄今已发现宝石十几种,主要有:金刚石(又称钻石)、蓝宝石、红宝石、黄色蓝宝石、石榴石、锆石、尖晶石、钛辉石、绿柱石、电气石及紫水晶等。1965年在山东省发现的金刚石原生矿,填补了我国金刚石原生矿的空白。之后,经地质部门普查、勘探,翌年又发现了西答矿及坡里金伯利岩带。金刚石:为山东省优势矿产资源之一,其储量和产量均居全国第二位。金刚石有原生矿及砂矿。金刚石原生矿主要分布在蒙阴县境内,砂矿分布在郯城、临沭以及沂、沐河中上游流域。金刚石的母岩为金伯利岩(译地名称),岩石学叫角砾云母橄榄岩。在晚白垩世(距     

对桃源县青林地区金刚石砂矿开发利用前景浅析

本文介绍了桃源县青林地区金刚石砂矿成矿特征、开发利用现状,并对开发前景进行分析,区内金刚石砂矿及伴生矿金矿资源丰富,督粮冲金刚石砂矿经正式勘探,探明金刚石砂矿储量7.8万克拉,伴生砂金矿储量179kg。金刚石应用于国民经济建设的各个领域,金刚石将以无可替代的优越性能取代单晶硅,成为下一个划时代的材料。金刚石砂矿床是金刚石次生矿床,对于我国金刚石矿产资源比较贫乏而言,本文为该地区金刚石砂矿开发利用提供建设性参考。     

湖南沅水砂矿金刚石类型、形貌学特征及其对形成过程的指示

天然金刚石的形貌一定程度上可以反映金刚石形成时深部源区地球化学环境及物理化学条件,砂矿金刚石则会因为二次搬运、沉积等环境改变而形成叠加的形貌特征,依据其蚀像形貌,可以探索金刚石在地壳表面存留的时间及其经历的搬运过程。对湖南现代河流小颗粒砂矿金刚石样品晶体形态、表面微形貌及类型进行了分析对比。结果显示,湖南砂矿金刚石表面蚀像形态丰富且清晰,金刚石在经历地表沉积搬运后表面特征仍保留较好,表明其地壳的存留及搬运时间较短。部分样品(111)面呈现复三角形形状,晶面出现较多三角形和少数六边形蚀像,反映其寄主岩石岩浆喷发时相对富H_2O流体。结合扬子克拉通已发现含金刚石微粒钾镁煌斑岩的事实,推测湖南砂矿金刚石原生矿寄主岩石更大可能是类似钾镁煌斑岩的岩石。结合湖南砂矿金刚石晶体形貌、包裹体等方面特征与西澳金刚石存在相似性、Rodinia超大陆裂解前与扬子克拉通之间存在的联系等,暗示至少部分湖南砂矿金刚石的来源和西澳金刚石的源区具有内在联系,其最早的形成时间应该不早于古元古代,更大可能和新元古代板块聚合过程有关。     

山东昌乐第三纪玄武岩中蓝宝石的特征(Ⅱ)

山东昌乐蓝宝石具有储量丰富、颗粒大、品位高、结晶好的特点。原生矿产于第三纪的尧山组玄武质碧玄岩中，砂矿则分布于方山周围的水系中。昌乐蓝宝石颜色多样，品种丰富，但大多数蓝宝石颜色偏深，透明度差，通过优化处理可以提高其质量。蓝宝石中含有多种包裹体，加工时一定要按理论值确定亭部角，保证不降低宝石的档次。     

山东昌乐第三纪玄武岩中蓝宝石的特征(Ⅰ)

山东昌乐蓝宝石具有储量丰富、颗粒大、品位高、结晶好的特点。原生矿产于第三纪的尧山组玄武质碧玄岩中，砂矿则分布于方山周围的水系中。昌乐蓝宝石颜色多样，品种丰富，但大多数蓝宝石颜色偏深，透明度差，通过优化处理可以提高其质量。蓝宝石中含有多种包裹体。加工时一定要按理论值确定亭部角，保证不降低宝石的档次。     

宝石级原生金刚石的形成条件及成因

宝石级原生金刚石的形成条件及成因廖宗廷，周祖翼金刚石有多种成因类型，但宝石级金刚石是在地壳最稳定区—克拉通之下的地障中形成的，时间上比携带它们从地球深部至浅部的岩浆岩早得多（数亿年一数十亿年）．它们在温度９００～１３００℃，压力４．５～６ＧＰａ和适当...     

贵州镇远钾镁煌斑岩原生及砂矿金刚石矿物学特征及其找矿意义

扬子克拉通原生金刚石矿找矿一直是极具争议性的问题。金刚石及其寄主岩石蕴含了深部岩石圈地幔丰富的地球化学信息,可为原生矿找矿提供重要的约束和指示。通过对贵州101地质队过去发现的镇远钾镁煌斑岩区199颗原生金刚石及周围水系中16颗砂矿金刚石的形态学(包括表面微细生长)和熔蚀特征的对比,并结合红外光谱测试,进一步探讨了贵州金刚石携带的地质找矿信息。新的测试结果显示,贵州原生金刚石具有颗粒普遍较小、破碎度大、存在(95%)强烈熔蚀、表面附着物丰富、发蓝白色荧光、所有样品均无磷光等特点,红外无损测试确认Ⅱa型金刚石的产出比例高,但低于原先部分学者估算的比例;通过与砂矿金刚石对比,确认所测试样品的寄主钾镁煌斑岩不可能是贵州或湖南沅水已发现砂矿金刚石的直接源岩,扬子克拉通应当还存在其他规模性的金刚石原生矿或者来源;通过野外实地考察及室内样品测试,确认所研究的钾镁煌斑岩为浅部相,而非根部相,暗示贵州镇远地区原生金刚石找矿仍有较大潜力。     

金刚石合成研究进展

金刚石在工业、科技、国防等领域具有非常重要的应用前景,本论文论述了宝石级金刚石、微晶金刚石以及纳米金刚石人工合成方法一进最近的研究进展,并对金刚石产品未来的发展做了展望。     

山东近海砂矿资源分布特征及成因

以山东省滨海、近海区域为研究范围，论述了该区砂矿资源的种类、储量、品位、赋存形态、地域分布等特征与空间分布状况，并从研究区的基岩类型、气候条件、地貌类型、海岸状况及矿物性质等方面对砂矿的成因进行了探讨。认为该区砂矿资源丰富，种类齐全，具有良好的开发前景，但基础研究比较薄弱，亟待进一步加强。     

人工合成金刚石技术比较

静压法是当前工业合成金刚石的主要的合成手段,合成工业用金刚石主要采用静压法中的静压触媒法,合成宝石级金刚石主要采用静压晶种触媒法生产,通过静压法中的直接变换法,纯净的多晶石墨棒可以在短时间内转化为多晶金刚石,二十世纪八十年代还出现了一种在低压下生长金刚石的新方法——化学气相沉积法(CVD),目前只能用于制备金刚石薄膜,本文通过总结比较各种金刚石合成技术,提出了利用激光控制金刚石生长的设想,使用这种方法将提高金刚石的质量,     

Effect of additive boron on type-Ib gem diamond single crystals synthesized under HPHT

The boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were synthesized successfully by adding amorphous boron into a system of graphite and Kovar catalyst under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT).The effect of additive boron on type-Ib gem diamond was extensively studied including the growth characteristic,morphology and nitrogen concentration.The synthesized boron-doped type-Ib gem diamond crystals were characterized by optical microscope (OM),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared spectrometer (IR)...     

CL and FTIR analysis on the diamonds in Wafangdian, Liaoning Province

The CL images show that the internal structures of the diamonds in Wafangdian, Liaoning Province is classified as three types: simple growth girdle zone, multi-stage growth complex girdle zone, and rare agate-like structure. These internal features reflect the complexity of growth processes of the diamonds. The FTIR analyses in micro area on diamond plates reveal the heterogeneity of the impurities of nitrogen and hydrogen. The variety of nitrogen contents and nitrogen aggregation states have been revealed not only in different diamonds from one kimberlite pipe but also in different zones of one diamond. The extent of conversion A defects to the aggregated B form is a function of the nitrogen aggregation temperature (TNA), mantle residence time (tMR), and nitrogen concentration of diamond. The interval of 0.6-0.7Ga from core to rim of diamond growth is obtained by using the FTIR curves and some geological data. The long period of diamond growth is identical with the feature in CL image.     

金刚石与碳化钨的复合堆焊

用特殊方法将金刚石包熔在较厚的金属合金中,并制成以金刚石和WC为主要成分的复合焊条。堆焊试验表明:包熔处理后避免了焊接高温对金刚石的烧损、可焊性良好、金刚石的高抗磨性得到了有效地发挥。     

Discovery of submicron diamonds within kimberlite in Liaoning Province, China and its significance

Conclusions Although the natural microdiamonds in the non-kimberlite have been well studied by Sobolev, the discovery of submicron diamonds in the kimberlite and not in the form of inclusion is still the first time in the world. Different from the common growth of the kimberlite e-clogite/peridotite with the diamond, the submicron diamonds grow together with the very thin dispersive materials with platina and blende structures. The growth process of the thin lath-shaped diamond crystals from the aggregative parent materials is observed. The densities of the aggregative parent materials are different from place to place within the microspace. The submicron diamonds and their parasitized diamonds formed in different generations.     

Variations in carbon isotopic composition in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Yangtze and North China Cratons: Evidence from in-situ analysis of diamonds using SIMS

The components and evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton is a current topic in the geological study of China and the carbon isotopic composition of diamond is one of the most direct probes into cratonic lithospheric mantle processes.In this paper,in-situ SIMS(Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) techniques were used to analyze the carbon isotope compositions at different internal growth zones of diamonds from Shandong and Liaoning in the North China Craton and Hunan in the Yangtze Craton.It was found that the carbon isotopic range of diamonds from the North China Craton are rather distinct from those of the Yangtze Craton;the former has a range of 6.0‰ to 2.0‰(relative to VPDB) with an average value of 3.0‰ in their core areas,which is consistent with global peridotitic diamonds;the diamonds from the Yangtze Craton,however,have a carbon isotopic range from 8.6‰ to 3.0‰ with an average value of 7.4‰ in their core areas,being more consistent with global eclogitic diamonds.The variations of carbon isotope ratios between different internal growth zones in individual diamonds were different in the three diamond localities studied.There was a clear correlation between changes in carbon isotopic composition and phases of diamond dissolution and new growth,while no correlation was observed between δ13C and internal inclusions.The variations suggest that the carbon isotopic compositions of mantle fluids were changing during the process of diamond crystallization,and that the heterogeneity of the carbon isotopic composition in mantle carbon reservoirs was a more important factor than carbon isotope fractionation in controlling the carbon isotopic compositions and their variation in diamonds.In addition,the preliminary results of in-situ nitrogen analyses demonstrated that the variation of carbon isotopic compositions between the core and outer growth zones does not correlate with nitrogen abundances,implying either that diamonds crystallized in an open environment or that the carbon isotopic composition and nitrogen contents in mantle fluids were controlled by other,not yet understood factors.The experimental results provide hints that the isotopic composition of carbon and its original sources were different in metasomatic fluids controlling diamond formation in the mantle beneath the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton.     

金刚石产品的脉冲激光制备与应用

详细介绍了用脉冲激光法制备金刚石产品的发展过程 ,并总结了脉冲激光沉积 (PLD)、液体靶脉冲激沉积 (LYPLD)以及脉冲激光诱导液 -固界面反应 (PLIIR)等几种典型的实验方法、实验装置以及所取得的成果 在脉冲激光沉积法 (PLD)制备金刚石薄膜方面重点总结了最近比较新颖的液体靶脉冲激光沉积技术 ,而在金刚石纳米晶的制备方面综述了脉冲激光诱导液 -固界面反应法 ,此法在制备亚稳态纳米晶体方面显示出了较独特的优越性 图 4,参 1 6     

Fe-Si-C体系合成金刚石的生长特性

研究高温高压下掺Si合成金刚石, 并与Fe-C体系合成的金刚石进行比较. 实验结果表明, 体系中掺入Si, 合成的晶体颜色比Fe-C体系合成的晶体颜色浅, 在相同的合成时间内, Fe-Si-C体系合成金刚石的粒度比Fe-C体系合成金刚石的粒度小; 通过X射线衍射(XRD)可见, 该体系产生FeSi和Fe₃C两种新物质.      

真空条件下的金刚石成核

本文讨论了在真空状态下,碳离子淀积时产生金刚石成核的机理,作者认为高速运动碳离子打在非晶碳膜上产生了小范围的局部压力和热量.正是这个压强和高温使小范围内的非晶碳处于金刚石稳定的热力学状态.在此条件下小的金刚石核形成,同时经过迅速冷却保留下来.     

Research on a New Type of Diamond Saw Plate

With the developing of stone material, diamond saw pl ate is used widely, and in order to increase cutting efficiency and life-span o f diamond saw plate, there are a lot of research jobs of segment for diamond saw plate. Layered segment for diamond saw plate is to divide single segment into s everal cutting tools by its structure, then increases rock-cutting faces. For i mpregnated man-made diamond saw plate, the bonding strength of diamonds with ma trix material has great effect on its life and service....