临界应力比下M24高强螺栓的常幅疲劳性能试验研究

针对材质为35 K的8.8级M24高强螺栓进行了3个试件静力拉伸试验和15个试件临界应力比下(R=0.8)的轴心"拉-拉"常幅疲劳试验,拟合了应力-循环次数曲线(即S-N曲线),选取典型试件疲劳断口进行宏观和微观分析,并与基于国家标准GB 50017-2017相关公式的计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:疲劳试验数据离散性大,对应循环破坏次数整体偏低,但均在95%置信区间内,拟合的S-N曲线基本反映不同应力幅下试件的疲劳寿命;螺栓试件常幅疲劳破坏均起始于螺纹齿根处,疲劳失效由多点疲劳源扩展形成线状疲劳源,断口韧窝特征明显;对比试验结果和国家标准规定允许的疲劳建议值,2×10~6次循环对应的疲劳强度为标准建议值的1.35倍。     

网架结构螺栓球节点中M39高强度螺栓变幅疲劳性能试验

螺栓球网架结构在悬挂吊车循环荷载作用下,节点处高强度螺栓易发生疲劳破坏。本文利用MTS疲劳试验机完成了7组M39高强度螺栓在轴向拉伸应力循环下的变幅疲劳试验,通过对疲劳断口的形貌分析,揭示了变幅疲劳的破坏特征,基于miner线性累计损伤法则对试验数据进行折算,得到对应的等效常幅应力,经拟合绘制了变幅疲劳破坏的S-N曲线并给出表达式,最后将此次变幅疲劳数据和已有的M39高强度螺栓常幅疲劳对比,证明了变幅疲劳破坏寿命可以等效成常幅疲劳问题来分析计算。本次变幅疲劳试验结果所得的应力循环次数达200万次时对应的容许应力幅为现行规范中的1.45倍。     

钢桥面板顶板与竖向加劲肋连接角焊缝疲劳试验

为研究钢桥面板顶板与竖向加劲肋连接角焊缝的疲劳性能,采用机械型振动疲劳试验机对制作的9个试件进行等幅疲劳加载,并通过名义应力和热点应力2种方法对试件焊缝疲劳性能进行评价。试验结果表明：疲劳荷载作用下,试件疲劳裂纹开展路径均从焊趾处萌生、沿焊趾开展、最终垂直于焊趾沿板横向往两侧对称扩展。采用名义应力法时,试验结果均位于JSSC-G疲劳强度为50 MPa的S-N曲线上方;采用热点应力法时,试验结果均位于Eurocode 3规范疲劳强度为100 MPa的S-N曲线上方。建议本试验构件疲劳细节的角焊缝疲劳强度取名义应力50 MPa、热点应力100 MPa。     

往复荷载下钢管与螺栓球组配试件超低周疲劳断裂试验研究

为探索螺栓球网格结构强震下的破坏特征,对五个螺栓球节点管球组配试件进行了轴向往复荷载作用下的超低周疲劳断裂试验研究。通过电镜扫描观察试件超低周疲劳破坏的裂纹萌生、扩展、断裂、断口形态,并分析了裂纹萌生原因、断裂机理。结果表明:当承受拉-压循环荷载时,试件均经历失稳弯曲、在杆件中点附近局部凹陷、在凹陷处表面萌生裂纹、进一步开裂、最后发生低周疲劳断裂的过程;其断口形状为椭圆,有明显塑性变形,为韧性断裂,疲劳寿命均很短。当试件承受较大压幅值的循环荷载时,试件首先失稳弯曲,然后在杆件中点附近局部凹陷,继而在凹陷处表面萌生裂纹,但同时因节点中高强螺栓承受弯剪作用,在螺栓牙底应力集中位置,也多处同时萌生裂纹并迅速发展,最后导致高强螺栓先于杆件局部凹陷处发生疲劳断裂;其断口表面光滑平整,没有明显塑性变形,疲劳寿命只有18次。     

螺栓球网架节点高强螺栓的疲劳性能研究

螺栓球节点往往是网架结构疲劳破坏的薄弱环节.本文利用螺栓螺纹应力集中系数结合线弹性断裂力学对螺栓球节点的疲劳极限强度进行估算.在S-N曲线法基础上推导了螺栓球节点的疲劳寿命估算公式,该公式结合等寿命曲线综合考虑了应力幅和应力比的影响.将估算结果与国内已有的实验数据进行对比,结果表明该公式能够满足工程设计要求.在此基础上本文研究了初始裂纹长度对高强螺栓疲劳寿命的影响,并给出了影响规律.     

铝合金车轮弯曲疲劳寿命的仿真分析与试验研究

该文运用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对某铝合金车轮旋转弯曲疲劳寿命进行了仿真分析,得出易于产生疲劳裂纹的应力集中点及其最大应力值。其次,采用疲劳寿命名义应力法建立了铝合金车轮的S-N曲线,计算应力集中点的应力幅与平均应力,将等效应力幅取对数代入S-N曲线,预测所分析铝合金车轮的疲劳寿命。最后,进行了改进前后铝合金车轮的旋转弯曲疲劳台架试验,验证了仿真结果。分析表明,名义应力法可以较好预测铝合金车轮的疲劳寿命。     

钢网架螺栓球节点用高强螺栓的缺口效应分析

在悬挂吊车作用下,螺栓球节点网架的疲劳主要表现为节点的疲劳,而节点的疲劳关键是高强螺栓的疲劳．在影响高强螺栓疲劳性能的众多因素中,应力集中是其发生疲劳断裂的主要原因之一．本文从缺口效应出发,分析了高强螺栓疲劳裂纹的开展．并建立有限元模型,针对钢网架螺栓球节点常用的8种高强螺栓规格进行了单缺口应力集中分析．得到相应的应力集中系数,同时分析了螺纹牙根圆角半径对应力集中的影响,并提出了降低螺纹疲劳缺口敏感性的一些措施,为进一步以热点应力幅建立螺栓球网架疲劳设计方法奠定了基础．     

空间结构销铰节点销轴常幅疲劳数值模拟

空间结构的受力关键是节点受力是否满足其强度或刚度要求。以空间结构销铰节点销轴常幅疲劳强度为研究对象,基于相似数值模型和nCode Designlife疲劳分析软件对节点进行5个因素共32个理论模型的疲劳仿真,得到其销轴应力-循环次数曲线(S-N curve)并建立其疲劳寿命理论估算公式。分析结果表明:销轴在对称循环加载作用下(应力比R=-1),其热点应力位于外侧内外耳板交界与销轴接触面处,且2×10~6循环次数对应名义允许应力幅为94.42 MPa;销轴常幅疲劳性能与节点销孔间隙、耳板厚度、耳板间距3个参数负相关,与销轴直径、销轴材质屈服强度2个参数正相关;销轴常幅疲劳性能影响因素敏感性的主次顺序为:销轴材质→销孔间隙→耳板间距→销轴直径→耳板厚度。     

螺栓球节点中高强度螺栓的超低周疲劳破坏特征

为研究大震下网格结构螺栓球节点的破坏特征及机理,设计了杆件与螺栓球节点组合试件,采用FCS电液伺服结构试验系统对试件进行低周往复加载试验,加载制度为不对成等幅加载,获得了不同幅值加载下试件中高强度螺栓的变形特征。通过对高强螺栓断口的宏、微观分析探讨螺栓球节点中高强度螺栓低周疲劳破坏特征及机理,获得以下结论：随着加载制度中位移幅值增大,螺栓球节点组合试件中高强度螺栓的疲劳寿命减小,断口的疲劳源增加,扩展区面积减小,瞬断区表面不平整性程度提高;在较低位移幅值的加载制度下,螺栓的起裂机理偏向脆性断裂,随着加载制度位移幅值增大高强度螺栓的起裂机理由脆性断裂向准解理断裂转变,螺栓断口的瞬断区呈现偏向韧性断裂的特征。     

M30高强螺栓假拧疲劳性能的试验研究

通过对7个M30高强螺栓假拧常幅疲劳性能的试验研究,得到了M30高强螺栓在假拧状况下的疲劳破坏形式;分析了螺栓杆的断口形态,并建立了相应的S-N疲劳曲线以及表达式。最后,与已有的M30高强螺栓全拧的常幅疲劳试验结果对比,得出M30高强螺栓在只拧入3个螺纹的情况下,疲劳强度较全拧高强螺栓的疲劳强度降低了75%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.