基于Fe-safe的K形对接焊缝疲劳分析

基于等效结构应力法和BS7608焊缝疲劳分析方法,分析了不同坡角的K形对接焊缝的疲劳性能.分别采用ANSYS和Fe-safe对其进行静力分析和疲劳分析,得到K形对接焊缝本身的疲劳寿命和焊趾处的疲劳寿命.计算结果表明,焊趾处存在明显名义应力集中且随着坡口角度的增大而增大;焊趾处疲劳强度最低,焊趾的疲劳强度随坡角的增大而降低;焊缝自身的疲劳强度随着坡角的增大而有所提高.增大焊缝坡口角度有利于焊缝自身的抗疲劳性能,却不利于焊趾,这对钢结构加工过程中焊缝坡角的选择具有参考意义.     

用热点应力评定双相不锈钢焊接接头疲劳强度

针对双相不锈钢焊接结构的疲劳性能问题，通过试验对双相不锈钢纵向角接板焊接接头和侧面角接板焊接接头疲劳强度用热点应力进行了评定，做出了热点应力S-N曲线并与名义应力疲劳评定进行了比较．说明符合本试验型式及尺寸的这两种焊接接头用名义应力评定时疲劳数据分散性很大，试验疲劳级别分别为FAT136和FAT102；用热点应力评定时疲劳数据分散性明显减小，其疲劳强度可以用一条S-N曲线表示，试验疲劳级别为FAT162。     

钢箱梁横隔板焊缝疲劳性能的锤击效果研究

针对钢箱梁横隔板与U肋连接焊缝疲劳细节,选取了三个局部试件作为研究对象,采用锤击装置对试件弧形缺口处焊缝的焊趾部位进行锤击处理,并采用疲劳试验机对处理后试件进行疲劳加载,对比分析试件的疲劳裂纹扩展情况、疲劳应力幅和疲劳强度的变化情况。同时,建立了局部锤击有限元模型,分析锤击部位的残余应力、塑性变形等,并结合疲劳试验结果,从疲劳裂纹萌生寿命、疲劳强度、锤击残余应力分布等角度,对锤击效果进行了评价。研究结果表明,锤击处理可有效提高横隔板与U肋连接焊缝的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命及疲劳强度;锤击处理可产生明显的塑性变形及残余应力,且两者均以焊趾为中心近似呈圆弧状分布;锤击深度为0.2mm时,锤击残余压应力沿板厚、垂直焊缝方向的分布范围均为3mm左右,从而改善构件的疲劳性能。     

钢桥面板焊接部位的疲劳应力分析方法

对常用的传统疲劳应力分析方法的控制参量和计算方式进行对比,分析了各方法的适用范围及传统疲劳方法与断裂力学法的差异.根据名义应力试验实测应力值,修正了有限元模型精度,进行了钢桥面板焊接部位疲劳热点应力分析,结果表明热点应力可通过名义应力乘以放大系数获得.钢桥面板与竖向加劲肋角焊缝连接且厚度均为12 mm时,该构造细节的热点应力强度可采用Eurocode 3规范疲劳强度FAT100曲线.     

基于热点应力法的焊接结构疲劳评估

针对传统名义应力整体法在焊接板结构疲劳分析应用中的实际困难,介绍和分析了应用于海洋结构工程领域的基于表面外推的热点应力法.通过对焊接样件在不同应力水平下的疲劳试验,获取了焊接样件在97.7%可靠度下的疲劳寿命.采用热点应力法计算样件焊趾处热点应力值,提出考虑主板厚度效应的修正S-N曲线,并预测了样件的疲劳寿命.结果表明:板厚修正后的热点应力S-N曲线应用于薄板焊接结构疲劳寿命评估具有更高的精度和可靠性.以轨道车辆用焊接天线梁为例,采用该方法分析了焊缝处的热点应力,其最大应力发生位置与线路运用中出现裂纹位置相吻合,其计算寿命为7.1×10~5次,与实际运营结果基本一致.为平板焊接接头的抗疲劳设计提供参考.     

临界距离理论评定焊接接头疲劳寿命的研究

研究局部法应用于焊接接头疲劳评定的有效性和适应性.基于Taylor的临界距离理论,引入开裂部位的当量应力,它由有限元计算得到.针对钢质与铝质十字接头的疲劳数据进行分析,承载型十字接头的疲劳裂纹源于焊趾或焊根,由当量应力的大小所预测的开裂部位与实验结果相符.对疲劳裂纹源于焊趾部位的承载与非承载型十字接头,以焊趾部位的当量应力作为控制应力,此时疲劳数据的离散程度低,可望将焊趾开裂十字接头的疲劳强度以及S-N曲线统一表示.对疲劳裂纹产生于焊根的承载型十字接头,将焊根部位的当量应力作为控制应力,疲劳数据的分散度较大,与名义应力法相当,此时,局部法的有效性值得进一步考察.     

基于有效缺口应力法的正交异性钢桥面板疲劳评价

为验证有效缺口应力法在正交异性钢桥面板疲劳评价中的适用性,开展了横隔板弧形切口2种不同过渡形式的局部应力研究.采用Ansys分别计算U肋与横隔板连接处焊趾和焊根处的有效缺口应力,并加以比较,表明焊趾处更易萌生裂纹.采用S-N曲线评估其疲劳寿命,表明有效缺口应力法可以应用于正交异性桥面板的疲劳评价.有限元分析假定缺口的真实半径为0,这可能导致试验结果的保守性.基于不同U肋厚度的比较,发现U肋厚度的增加将导致U肋与横隔板端焊缝处更易产生疲劳裂纹.相关研究结果可为正交异性钢桥面板的设计和疲劳评价提供参考.     

铸钢节点环形对接焊缝的疲劳计算

给出了采用热点应力法进行铸钢节点环形对接焊缝疲劳寿命估算的全过程.介绍了热点应力幅度的计算方法,即热点应力幅度的计算可根据名义应力和应力集中系数计算,也可采用有限元方法计算.给出了环形对接焊缝热点应力寿命曲线的表示方法和细节分类,列出了各种焊接细节的S-N(应力-寿命)曲线.介绍了线性Miner损伤累积准则.根据热点应力幅度、S-N曲线和线性Miner损伤累积准则,可对铸钢节点环形对接焊缝进行寿命估算.最后,以杭州湾跨海大桥海中平台观光塔铸钢节点为例,说明了波浪载荷下铸钢节点环形对接焊缝的疲劳寿命估算过程.     

风荷载下空间网格结构疲劳性能

依据课题组风洞试验测得的风压时程数据,采用梁单元整体模型与壳单元局部模型相结合的方式,对风致振动响应时程进行了分析;基于热点应力法,运用雨流计数法统计了焊接球节点焊趾处热点应力循环历程;根据挪威船级社规范提供的S-N曲线,结合Miner疲劳线性累积损伤理论,计算出空间网格结构构件的疲劳损伤值.计算结果表明,对于小曲率球壳结构,结构中最先出现疲劳损伤的构件位于平均正风压与脉动风压均最大的球壳迎风面;结构中疲劳构件的疲劳损伤值随平均正风压、脉动风压的增大而增大;相同工况下,采用热点应力法对构件进行的疲劳估计相比于名义应力法更偏于安全.     

正交异性钢桥面板U肋与横隔板构造细节围焊处疲劳性能

为了研究正交异型钢桥面板的U肋与横隔板连接处的疲劳性能,以九江长江公路大桥正交异性钢桥面板的U肋与横隔板处焊缝细部构造为研究对象,通过实桥结构有限元分析及其局部结构子模型法进行的精细分析,得到了该细部结构焊缝处的应力分布及疲劳危险点;以疲劳试样关注点应力状态应与实桥对应位置应力状态相同的设计原则设计了疲劳试样。对疲劳试样进行了有限元分析、应力测试和疲劳试验。研究结果表明:疲劳试样与实桥在U肋与横隔板焊缝处的应力变化规律相一致,最大应力发生在U肋与横隔板焊缝围焊处的焊址部位;疲劳裂纹首先发生在U肋与横隔板焊围焊处,然后沿焊缝向两侧扩展;同时得到了该处的S-N曲线以及容许应力幅值;研究成果为大桥的疲劳寿命评估和养护维修提供依据,也为其他桥梁设计提供参考。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme