高粱总DNA导入春小麦新品系高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的变化

通过花粉管通道法将高粱总DNA导入春麦甘麦8号、陇春13号和陇春10号,经过多代选择获得了5个稳定遗传新品系.在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分析中,甘麦8号后代89144的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基发生突变,较其受体多了5 10亚基,而少了2 12亚基;其他几个转基因后代与其受体比较,高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成未发生变化;但是各亚基的相对质量分数有较大变化.高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的组成和各亚基质量分数的变化直接影响小麦品质.本研究对外源总DNA花粉管通道法导入小麦在改良小麦品质方面的作用进行了讨论.     

导入野生大豆DNA小麦后代的农艺性状研究

用花粉管通道法将野生大豆总DNA导入小麦，获得了转基因小麦，其后代的农艺性状有较大的变化。田间实验分析了变异系小麦植株与对照植株在叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、叶面积及株高、穗粒、穗重等性状上的差异。t检验结果显示，变异系小麦在叶面性状及产量性状上的差异是显著的，外源DNA的导入改善了植物的农艺性状，并在后代中表达，为选育高产、优质的新小麦品种提供了依据。     

不同来源小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分析

用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS—PAGE）对青海省不同来源114个小麦品种（系）品质得分、高分予量麦谷蛋白亚基构成、等位基因不同亚基变异及出现频率进行了分析。结果表明：小麦品种（系）间高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成存在一定差异，国外引进品种和当地培育品系亚基组成多于其他品种，而当地培育品系的分布最均匀；在A1位点上N亚基出现的频率最高，在D1位点上2＋12亚基出现的频率最高；共有25种亚基组合，国外引进的小麦品种和当地培育的小麦品系亚基组合类型明显多于其他品种，（N，7＋8，2＋12）组合的出现频率最高；品质平均得分当地培育品系最高（6．40）。     

导入大豆总DNA改良大麦籽粒营养品质

利用花粉管通道法和基因枪法将大豆总DNA直接导入大麦。采用微量凯氏定氮法和氨基酸自动分析仪进行大麦后代籽粒蛋白质含量和氨基酸含量分析。结果显示：(1)经花粉管通道法导入大豆总DNA获得的大麦后代有6个单株籽粒蛋白质含量明显超过对照(12．91％)，它们是18．23％，16．61％，16．42％，16．58％，16．22％和16．38％，占总数比例的7．06％；(2)经基因枪法导入大豆总DNA共获得12个单株籽粒蛋白质含量明显超过对照(13．29％)，它们的蛋白含量分别为16．70％，16．52％，17．9l％，19．59％，17．44％，18．56％，18．46％，17．3l％，16．5l％，18．8l％，18．8l％和19．02％，占总数比例的8．33％；(3)籽粒氨基酸含量分析显示在高蛋白变异后代中，随着籽粒蛋白质含量增加的同时，籽粒总氨基酸和各种必需氨基酸含量也有明显提高．经直线相关分析显示，导入大豆总DNA的后代籽粒赖氨酸等6种必需氨基酸含量与总氨基酸含量呈极显著正相关关系。本试验结果充分说明，直接导入大豆总DNA有可能提高大麦籽粒的蛋白质含量及质量。     

发根农杆菌T-DNA诱变怀地黄突变体或品系的遗传学分析

主要采用紫外吸收光谱法、高效液相色谱法、3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法,PCR和SRAP技术,从叶绿素含量、还原糖和总糖含量、梓醇含量、毛蕊花糖苷含量和T-DNA片段的稳定性和基因组DNA的变化方面,对发根农杆菌转化怀地黄突变体或品系的变异性状进行了分析.发现怀地黄突变体或品系的叶片形态、植高、叶绿素含量、糖含量、梓醇和毛蕊花糖苷的含量均有变异,一个SRAP引物组合从其基因组DNA中扩增出一个对照中没有的约400bp的DNA片段,T1-T7代突变体或品系中均检测到rolB基因的存在.这些结果表明发根农杆菌T-DNA可以诱导怀地黄产生变异,并且稳定遗传.     

用种子醇溶蛋白电泳技术鉴定外源DNA导入春小麦变异后代

采用醇溶蛋白聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对外源DNA导入技术选育的春小麦变异株系的单株及其受体种子的分析结果:小麦各变异后代电泳谱带在15～19条之间变动,受体谱带为16条.多数谱带与受体相似,也出现了受体所没有的新谱带.各后代的谱带着色深度、谱带宽度均存在显著差异,其差异的出现与外源DNA导入有关.同时说明,种子醇溶蛋白电泳技术可用于外源遗传物质导入小麦变异后代的鉴定.     

导入高梁DNA选育丰产,抗逆小麦新品系及其在RAPD分子验证

通过花粉管通道法，将高粱ＤＮＡ导入小麦，结果在其后代产生了广泛的变异，并从中选育出高产，抗逆，耐盐碱小麦新品系８９１２２，在省级区试中，连续两年表现优良，比统一对照高原６０２增产２４．０８％，比原受体陇春１３号增产２１．０６％，在盐碱地，比当地主栽品种Ｖ２８增产１０．５％，比原受体增产２２．５％，光合效率明显降低，ＲＡＰＤ分析结果表明，新品系基因组出现多态性，并具有供体特异性ＤＮＡ带，表明该小麦新     

导入高梁DNA选育丰产、抗逆小麦新品系及其RAPD分子验证

通过花粉管通道法,将高粱ＤＮＡ导入小麦,结果在其后代产生了广泛的变异,并从中选育出高产、抗逆、耐盐碱小麦新品系８９１２２．在省级区试中,连续两年表现优良,比统一对照高原６０２增产２４．０８％,比原受体陇春１３号增产２１．０６％．在盐碱地,比当地主栽品种Ｖ２８增产１０．５％,比原受体增产２２．５％．光合效率明显提高．ＲＡＰＤ分析结果表明,新品系基因组出现多态性,并具有供体特异性ＤＮＡ带,表明该小麦新品系为转基因后代     

小麦耐甘露醇变异系生理特性分析

目的对二次离体筛选获得的小麦耐甘露醇变异细胞系进行生理生化及分子生物学鉴定。方法检测该变异细胞系在甘露醇,NaCl和聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟的渗透胁迫环境中的耐受生长能力,并测定变异系在甘露醇胁迫下游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、Na /K 含量等生理生化特性及可溶性蛋白质组成和基因组DNA多态性等分子特征。结果通过愈伤组织在甘露醇,NaCl和聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟的渗透胁迫条件下的生长实验,发现变异系细胞系可以在对照细胞系不能生长的20%甘露醇,1.5%NaCl和20%PEG-6000胁迫条件下,分别表现出14.5%(见图1),12.8%(见图2),41.8%(见图3)的相对生长量;在20%甘露醇胁迫条件下变异系细胞系游离脯氨酸积累量为对照系的80%(见图4),可溶性糖积累量为对照系的1.2倍(见图5),可溶性蛋白含量为对照系的1.3倍(见表1)。在相同浓度的甘露醇模拟的渗透胁迫环境中变异系再生植株比对照植株相能维持较高的K /Na 比值(见表2)。与对照相比,耐甘露醇变异细胞系再生植株可溶性蛋白SDS-PAGE发生显著变化:6条新可溶性蛋白谱带出现在变异系再生植株中,同时对照系中的1条可溶性蛋白谱带在突变株中缺失(见图6)。变异系植株与对照株RAPD带型呈现一定的多态性(见图7),表明变异系基因组DNA与对照相比发生了突变。结论所研究的小麦耐甘露醇变异细胞系是一个具有较强渗透胁迫耐受能力,可用于进一步育种工作的良好突变体材料。     

盐胁迫下小麦新品系89122的抗氧化 酶类活性变化的研究

利用受粉后的花粉管通道将高梁DNA导入普通小麦陇春13号,在其后代中出现了广泛变异,从中选育出已稳定遗传的丰产、抗逆性强的新品系89122．经大田和盐池鉴定,89122的耐盐性明显高于陇春13号．用NaCl(0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25　mol/L)处理89122和陇春13号幼苗7　d,测定盐胁迫后其幼苗中抗氧化酶类活性的变化．结果发现 ,转基因小麦89122较其受体陇春13号能维持较高的SOD,CAT及POD活性．并且以上几种酶之间能保持很好的平衡和协调表达．表明具有较高的清除活性氧的酶活力与小麦耐盐性紧密相关,可将其作为转基因小麦耐盐筛选的指标之一．     

Transgene inheritance and quality improvement by expressing novel HMW glutenin subunit （HMW-GS）genes in winter wheat

The expression vector pBPC30, which carries the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 genes, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No. 1, Jing411 and Jingdong No. 6 explants of immature embryos and immature inflorescence by particle bombardment. A large number of resistant transgenic plants were obtained under the selection of herbicide bialaphos or phosphinothricin (PPT). Confirmed transgenic plants of To generation showed successful integration of HMW-GS genes and bar gene into the wheat genome. T1 generation of transgenic plants can resist 20--150 mg/L PPT.Protein analysis of T2 seed by SDS-PAGE showed that HMW-GS 1Dx5 and 1DylO genes were well expressed in offspring seed of transgenic lines by co-expression with or substitution of endogenous 1Dx2 or 1DylO. In one transgenic line, TG3-74, a new protein band between endogenous protein subunits 7 and 8 (marked as 8*) of glutenin appeared,but endogenous subunit 8 (encoded by 1By8 gene) was absent. Analysis of gluten rheological quality on seed proteins of 102 T3 plants showed that the sedimentation value of 5 transgenic lines (44.2149.0 mL) was remarkably improved,59.6%---64.3% higher than that of wild type Jinghua No. 1 and Jingdong No. 6, similar to bread wheat Cheyenne (48.0 mL). Analysis of dough rheological properties of transgenic lines showed that the dough stable time of 5 transgenic lines range from 16 to 30 min, whereas the dough stable time of wild type was only between 3--7 min. Our research suggests that introducing novel HMW-GS genes into wheat is an efficient way to improve its bread-making quality.     

Expression of lysine-rich protein gene and analysis of lysine content in transgenic wheat

Expression vector pBPC102, which carries winged bean lysine-rich protein (wblrp) gene and dihydropicolinate synthase (DHDPS) gene, was transferred into hexaploid winter wheat cv. Jinghua No.l, Jing411, You899 and Yangnongl5 explants of immature inflorescence and immature embryos by particle bombardment. More than 100 transgenic plants were obtained under the selection of s-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC). Confirmed transgenic plants of To and TI generation by PCR and PCR-Southern blotting analyses showed successful integration of wblrp gene into wheat genome. Analysis of transgenic plant lines of T2 by Northern dot-blotting showed good expression of wblrp gene in offspring seed. The content of free lysine in leaves, contents of bound lysine and total proteins in seeds of T2 transgenie wheat lines were determined and analyzed. Among 34 tested transgenic lines, levels of free lysine content in leaves of 9 transgenic lines are 2~3times higher than un-trans-formed wild-type cultivars. Among 17 analyzed transgenic lines, bound lysine content of 4 transgenic lines is more than 10% higher than that of wild-type cultivars. Our research suggests that introducing wblrp gene into wheat is an effective way to improve its nutrition quality.     

Expression of biologically active human clotting factor Ⅸ(hFⅨ) in the mammary gland of transgenic mice

The DNA of human factor Ⅸ (hFⅨ) gene vector pMCⅨm, which had been proven to be able to express in in vitro and living cells, was introduced into 586 zygotes of Kunming White Mice by positive pressure microinjection technique with manual operation. The 499 survival embryos after microinjection were then transferred into pseudopregnant recipient mice and 216 F 0 pups were born. The analysis of PCR and Southern blot hybridization showed that, of the 216, 6 (2 females and 4 males) were integrated with foreign DNA in their genomes, giving an integration frequency of 3% (6/216). Two F\-0 female transgenic mice could express hFⅨ protein in their milk and the content was over 100 ng/mL as measured with ELISA. The biological activities of hFⅨ in the milk of two F\-0 mice were 44 67% and 79 43%, respectively.     

Expression of biologically active human clotting factor IX (hF IX) in the mammary gland of transgenic mice

The DNA of human factor IX (hF IX) gene vector pMC IX m, which had been proven to be able to express inin vitro and living cells, was introduced into 586 zygotes of Kunming Whlte Mice by positive pressure microinjection technique with manual operation. The 499 survival embryos after microinjection were then transferred into pseudopregnant recipient mice and 216 F, pups were born. The analysis of PCR and Southern blot hybridization showed that, of the 216, 6 (2 females and 4 males) were integrated with foreign DNA in their genornes, giving an integration frequency of 3% (6/216). Two F₀ female transgenic mice could express hF IX protein in their milk and the content was over 100 ng/mL as measured with ELISA. The biological activities of hF IV in the milk of two F₀ mike were 44.67 % and 79.43 %, respectively.     

中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒部分结构蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

根据小ＲＮＡ 病毒科（ Ｐｉｃｏｒｎａｖｉｒｉｄａｅ） 中病毒ＲＮＡ 所具有的结构特征, 采用ｍＲＮＡｃａｐｔｕｒｅ ｋｉｔ 提取纯化中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒（Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｃａｂｒｏｏｄ ｖｉｒｕｓ ＣＳＢＶ） 的ＲＮＡ, 并以之为ｃＤＮＡ合成的模板． 依据小ＲＮＡ病毒科中的脊髓灰质炎病毒结构蛋白基因序列设计了一对引物ＶＰ５和ＶＰ３ , 通过ＰＣＲ 扩增获得预期大小约为１ １００ ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ 片段, 将此片段克隆到ｐＧＥＭＴｅａｓｙ载体上并直接测序． 序列分析表明, 该片段为中蜂囊状幼虫病病毒部分结构蛋白基因, 与意蜂幼虫囊状病病毒结构蛋白基因序列的同源性为８６－８ ％ , 与之对应氨基酸序列的同源性高达９３－４ ％ ． 该病毒株为一种新型的蜜蜂囊状幼虫病病毒株     

大豆醋浸后蛋白质和氨基酸含量的变化

比较了大豆醋浸28d后蛋白质、氨基酸含量的变化，结果表明，醋浸后大豆的蛋白质含量显著降低．醋大豆中的总可溶性蛋白质约为水浸泡大豆的20％，溶到浸泡醋液中的蛋白质约为水浸泡大豆的16％；总氨基酸含量由15.7％下降为13.4％，其中必需氨基酸的含量降了1.38％，非必需氨基酸下降了0.92％。     

Molecular cloning of a fulllength cDNA for ECBP21 from Angelica dahurica

ECBP21 is an extracellular calmodulin-binding protein which was first detected and purified from extracellular extracts of suspension-cultured cells of Angelica dahurica. The purified protein was electroblotted onto PVDF membrane and the amino acid sequences from 1 to 20 were determined. Using degenerate oligonucleotides of the sequence, a full-length cDNA coding for ECBP21 was isolated by a combination of RT-PCR and 5′-RACE cloning. The cDNA contains 947 nucleotides and codes for a precursor protein of 216 amino acids. The N-terminal 1–25 amino acid sequence is a predicted signal peptide and the other 26–216 amino acid sequence is a mature peptide. The 26–45 amino acid sequence shows identity with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified ECBP21 from Angelica dahurica. The fragment of encoding the mature protein was cloned into pET-28b(+) and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). A protein with relative molecular mass 21 ku was expressed in E. coli. Using a biotinylated-CaM gel overlay technique, the expression protein was tested for its ability to bind CaM. The results indicated that the expression protein is a Ca²⁺-dependent CaM-binding protein. Thus, these results further defined the cDNA clone for ECBP21. This work laid a foundation for elucidating biological functions of ECBP21 by using molecular biological means.     

抗冻蛋白基因定向突变及其抗冻关系的研究

为探讨抗冻蛋白的抗冻机制,根据抗冻活力较高的肝型抗冻蛋白的氨基酸组成,改造皮肤型抗冻蛋白基因,使皮肤型抗冻蛋白基因的10位氨基酸－丙氨酸（A）改造成天冬氨酸（D）,方法：合成一段含有突变位点的DNA片段,用其取代野生型DNA上相对应的片段,DNA测序法筛选阳性克隆并表达该蛋白,Western-blot法、氨基酸组成分析法、及质谱法鉴定表达蛋白,测定突变后抗冻蛋白的的活力并与野生型比较,以期揭示抗冻蛋白的抗冻机制。     

野生与野生抚育猫爪草药材的分析比较研究

对野生与野生抚育猫爪草药材进行理化鉴别、薄层色谱试验、紫外光谱试验、多糖和氨基酸含量测定试验。结果表明,野生和野生抚育猫爪草的主要成分基本一致;在多糖含量上,野生猫爪草为14.1%,比野生抚育猫爪草的10%左右略高;野生与野生抚育猫爪草的氨基酸种类基本一致,野生猫爪草的总氨基酸含量为7.19%,比野生抚育的9%～10%稍低。野生猫爪草与野生抚育猫爪草基本一致,无明显差异,野生抚育猫爪草的有害物质检测符合规定。