读周宗奎《儿童社会化》札记

<正>1、儿童社会化是人类社会链中的一个重要环节 儿童的社会化,是作为个体的人继承前辈的文化遗产与思想道德、行为方式,融入社会的必然之路,否则他将永远只是个体的人,而不是社会的人.个体的社会化还作为使其具有正常人格,正常的人际交往能力所不可缺少的历程.从历史与社会发展的角度看,社会化更可能是社会化发展中那些非文字所能记录的文化传递的过程,是现代人类得以存在的重要环节.     

思想政治教育的政治社会化作用探讨

思想政治教育是在特定社会中居于统治地位的阶级、政党为了实现政治目标而对社会成员采取的综合性教育实践活动；而政治社会化既是社会个体获取政治知识、形成政治态度、培养政治情感等的过程，又是特定社会培养、训练社会成员政治规范等的过程。思想政治教育能够培养社会成员的政治认同，并增长其政治参与知识，提高其政治技能，是政治社会化的一个重要手段，具有政治社会化作用。但是，思想政治教育在发挥政治社会化作用时也有应该注意的问题，在教育对象上要注意突出教育对象的选择性，青年人和社会流动人口需要倍加注意；并且也要注意新的社会环境新生变量如网络对思想政治教育社会化作用发挥的影响。     

学校教育在儿童亲社会教育中的作用及策略

社会化是人类学、社会学、心理学和教育学等多学科共同关注的课题。儿童期是个体社会化的关键时期，儿童亲社会教育，是我国德育改革的重要内容之一。本文拟从亲社会行为的概念入手，对亲社会行为的内涵、功能、学校教育在儿童学校教育过程中的地位和作用，及其影响亲社会行为的问题和如何进行亲社会行为的培养进行阐述。     

终身体育的社会学基础

终身体育是近40余年来受国际终身教育思潮的影响和随着体育运动的发展而提出的.它是指一个人终身进行身体锻炼和接受体育教育,“是指在0岁到100岁的体育”,它是在人的生命全过程中完善人类体质的体育系统工程.人的一生伴随着自然成长过程和社会化过程.所谓社会化过程,是指使一个自然人转化为一个能适应一定的社会文化,参与社会生活,履行一定角色行为的社会人的过程.自然成长过程的结果给社会提供了一个可塑性的生命有机体,社会化正是以此为基础而发生发展的.     

浅析转型期儿童过早社会化倾向的成因

儿童社会化的主要任务是为个体成为社会合格成员做准备,早期社会化是否成功将直接关系到儿童的健康成长以及今后能否顺利融入社会,但由于家庭、学校和社会教育等方面的失误,往往会导致儿童成长过程中出现过早社会化倾向。这不仅对儿童自身的健康成长带来诸多的不利影响,也给社会的传承与延续构成潜在的威胁与挑战。本文试图分析儿童的过早社会化倾向及其产生原因,并在此基础上提出相应的解决对策与方法。     

关于高校“第五代人”政治社会化的若干代际特征

高校“第五代人”的政治社会化是整个社会成员政治社会化工程的重要组成部分，是当代大学生认识政治、形成政治人格与社会对大学生进行政治塑造两个方向运动过程的辩证统一。本文以“第五代人”为研究对象，试图在分析其政治社会化的有关问题中，把握其政治社会化的本质、特征、功能，力求对高校“第五代人”政治社会化的代际特征有更全面深刻的理解。     

谈社会心理对晚清翻译作品的影响

翻译不能脱离人而存在，而人是社会的人，必然要经历一个社会化的过程。所以，译本出现的过程中一定会受到社会心理因素的影响。本文选取晚清时期的翻译作品，阐述了翻译过程中社会心理因素对译本的塑造。     

游戏活动对幼儿综合能力培养的初探

游戏是幼儿最喜欢的活动，幼儿在游戏中所体现的活动性、模仿性、自主性和儿童情趣，能使幼儿各方面的能力得到锻炼和培养。“游戏是儿童的心理特征，游戏是儿童的工作，游戏是儿童的生命”。众所周知，所有的幼儿都喜欢游戏，在游戏中小朋友能找到无穷的乐趣，并乐此不疲。这说明游戏与幼儿之间有着固定的，天然的联系。这也是新纲要中所指幼儿园的教育要“以游戏为基本活动，寓教育于各项活动之中”的一个主要原因之一。     

维果茨基“文化历史发展理论”及其对教育的影响

维果茨基的文化历史发展理论从辩证唯物主义哲学立场出发 ,指出儿童的心理发展是在日常生活、课堂、游戏、劳动等情景中 ,在与成人、同伴共同活动中对社会文化的积极内化。心理发展的源泉是共享的社会历史文化和经验系统 ;心理发展过程是儿童与同伴、成人积极的社会互动过程 ,外部的、间接的社会影响以文字或非文字符号为中介 ,在“指导性参与”中被儿童认知、模仿、认同并内化 ,在头脑中形成个体独有的表征系统。儿童在相互指正 ,尤其是成人的示范讲解中 ,可以形成对自身学习的反观与控制能力 ,提高学习水平。维果茨基大胆提出的新概念 ,诸如“指导性参与”、“最近发展区”、“教学有效期”、“认知中介和元认知中介”、“知识的内化”等被现代认识心理学理论所吸收并实验证实 ,可以说为教育教学研究开拓了新领域。     

浅谈体育游戏在促进人的社会化方面的作用

体育教育贯穿于整个大、中、小学教育及幼儿教育,在促进人的社会化过程中起着积极的推动作用.体育游戏作为体育教育的重要组成部分,在促进人的社会化方面起举足轻重的作用.体育游戏除了具有一般性游戏的作用外,还具有其独特的价值.因为体育游戏是一项群体参与性的活动,容易虚构出参加者所熟悉的社会生活环境,另外,体育游戏具有强身健体的功效,为人的社会化奠定了坚实的基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with