中试改良A2O工艺中溶解性有机物的去除特性

为了保证国电沈阳北部污水处理厂的运行效果,基于三维荧光光谱技术,结合荧光区域积分及物料平衡计算,考察了中试改良A2O工艺中溶解性有机物的降解规律。结果表明,改良A2O工艺进水中的荧光物质主要以类蛋白物质为主,并含有少量的类富里酸物质。经荧光区域积分分析,改良A2O工艺对荧光区域Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ标准积分体积的去除率分别为81.5%,54.0%和63.4%,而荧光区域Ⅲ,Ⅴ的标准积分体积去除率相对较小,分别为30.2%和27.8%。物料平衡计算表明,预缺氧区和厌氧区主要对荧光区域Ⅰ,Ⅳ所代表的物质有去除效果;缺氧区对荧光区域Ⅰ所代表的物质有去除效果;而好氧区则对各荧光区域所代表的物质均有去除效果。此外,荧光区域Ⅳ的标准积分体积与溶解性化学需氧量(SCOD)具有良好的线性相关性,其相关性系数为0.991 1,荧光区域Ⅳ的变化最能有效代表改良A2O系统中SCOD的变化趋势。     

不同土地利用方式对苏打盐碱土水溶性有机物荧光特性的影响

利用三维荧光光谱技术考察吉林省西部不同土地利用方式(草原、旱田和水田)对苏打盐碱土水溶性有机物荧光特性的影响.结果表明:水田中有机物质的质量比最高,为27.08g/kg,草原中有机物质的质量比最低,为21.63g/kg;水溶性有机物(WEOM)的质量比为水田旱田草原,芳香化程度为草原水田旱田,其值分别为3.90,3.79,3.31L/(mg·m);WEOM三维荧光光谱在区域Ⅲ和区域Ⅴ的荧光强度最高;WEOM荧光区域积分值为类腐殖酸类富里酸类溶解性微生物的代谢产物类色氨酸蛋白质类酪氨酸蛋白质;类富里酸质量比为草原旱田水田,类溶解性微生物代谢产物的质量比为水田旱田草原,类腐殖酸质量比为旱田草原水田.即不同土地利用方式对土壤中WEOM的质量比和组成影响显著.     

潜流人工湿地对污水厂尾水中有机物去除效果

采用凝胶过滤色谱(GFC)和三维荧光光谱(EEM)分析技术,研究了两种基质水平潜流人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水中有机物的去除特征.结果表明:尾水经过人工湿地系统处理后,水中溶解性有机物(DOM)重均分子质量Mw均有明显降低;进水中表征出四类溶解性有机物,即色氨酸类芳香族蛋白质、溶解性微生物代谢产物、可见类富里酸、紫外类富里酸物质,经过人工湿地净化处理后相对荧光强度均有不同程度的降低;人工湿地对化学性质较为稳定、难以分解、不易被生物利用的类腐殖质有较好的去除效果.陶粒基质湿地水平潜流人工湿地对有机污染物向低碳小分子转化更为彻底,对污水处理厂尾水中有机污染物的去除效果更好.     

MIEX~@树脂对水库水中有机物的去除特性

为了充分发挥磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX@)对有机物的去除能力,利用烧杯试验研究了MIEX@树脂对水库水中有机物的去除特性,以溶解性有机物DOC、UV254、有机物三维荧光光谱(3DEEM)、有机物相对分子量分布、有机物分级特征和消毒副产物生成量等指标进行表征。结果表明:投加树脂15mL/L、反应20min时,DOC和UV254的去除率分别为58.4%和82.2%,三卤甲烷生成潜势(THM-FP)和卤乙酸生成潜势(HAAFP)的去除率分别为55.6%和82.1%。有机物相对分子量分布和分级特征测定结果表明:MIEX@树脂主要去除常规工艺无法有效去除的中小分子区间的亲水性和疏水性的有机物,从而可以有效控制消毒副产物的产生。有机物三维荧光光谱扫描结果表明:MIEX@树脂对芳香族蛋白Ⅱ(BOD5)、富里酸类物质和微生物代谢产物类有机物均有一定的去除能力,特别是芳香族蛋白Ⅱ和富里酸类物质。     

2种磁性离子交换树脂对水源水中有机物去除特性对比研究

对比2种磁性离子交换树脂m-PGMA(magnetic poly(glycidyl methacrylate)resin)和MIEX~#174;(magnetic ionexchange resin)对太湖水源水中有机物去除效果;基于2种树脂物化性能,并采用亲疏水性分级、相对分子质量分布和三维荧光光谱结合区域积分法,比较2种树脂对太湖水源水中有机物的去除特性。研究结果表明:2种树脂对水源水中有机物均有较好的去除效果,A254和DOC质量浓度降幅分别在72%和40%左右。m-PGMA和MIEX#174;对水源水中亲水性有机物去除率分别为52.97%和40.08%;2种树脂对于相对分子质量(Mr)3 000的中低分子有机物均具有较好的去除效果,m-PGMA对于Mr30 000的大分子有机物去除率高于MIEX~#174;。m-PGMA较MIEX~#174;对芳香类蛋白质、溶解性微生物代谢产物均有较好的去除效果,对富里酸和腐植酸物质去除效果在50%以上。     

基于光谱学的溶解性有机物与重金属作用机理研究

采用三维荧光光谱、平行因子分析、同步荧光光谱、二维相关光谱相结合的方法,对养殖废水中溶解性有机物与Cu(Ⅱ)络合机理进行研究。结果表明:与Cu(Ⅱ)络合后,溶解性有机物中多糖和蛋白质质量浓度分别从24.1、 19.2 mg/L下降到17.5、 2.35 mg/L;溶解性有机物中主要荧光组分分别为蛋白质类物质、富里酸与腐殖酸类物质;溶解性有机物与Cu(Ⅱ)反应后,不同荧光区域均表现出不同程度的荧光猝灭,并且荧光猝灭发生的顺序为富里酸与腐殖及类物质、蛋白质类物质。     

工业废水生化处理过程中SMP特性研究

为优化缺氧/好氧(A/O)法工业污水处理工艺,提高出水水质,对处理流程中水中可溶性有机物变化规律进行了深入研究。利用紫外吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱联合区域面积积分方法(FRI)解读A/O工艺过程中,溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)的荧光特性,分析了FRI值与COD,NH_4~+-N的相关性及SMP组成与有机质的转移代谢规律。结果表明,三维荧光的Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区与COD,NH_4~+-N浓度皮尔森相关系数均达到0.97以上;类腐殖质与类蛋白物质是该工艺SMP的主要荧光成分,类腐殖质在好氧段稳定在40×10~6 au·nm~2,其在该A/O工艺出水未能完全去除;类蛋白物质所占总荧光比例由最初的25.43%降低到2%以下,在缺氧段被大量去除。本研究可快速监测水中COD和有机物大类组分比例,为优化A/O工艺参数提供技术依据。     

微山湖(下级湖)中溶解性有机质(DOM)的降解实验研究

利用微山湖原状水样,模拟光降解和微生物降解两种方式作用下,探讨溶解性有机质(DOM)的降解过程和不同的降解特性。结果显示,DOM的去除率和氨氮的浓度以及活性磷酸盐(SRP)的浓度存在显著正相关关系;同时利用三维荧光光谱研究了微山湖水体中的DOM的荧光光谱特性,微山湖水体DOM的三维荧光光谱图中出现了4个明显的荧光峰,分别为:类蛋白(B)、(D)峰,紫外富里酸(A)峰及可见光富里酸(C)峰。通过设置不同的光照条件(紫外光照、可见光照、避光)研究DOM降解过程,对比发现,紫外光照降解DOM最为彻底,其次为避光条件,最后为可见光条件;而就各种组分来看,类蛋白物质较容易被降解,尤其是芳环氨基酸结构的蛋白类物质最容易被降解,而大分子的富里酸物质较难被降解。     

水源水体溶解性机物(DOM)三维荧光特性研究

本文采用三维荧光光谱法对某城市几个水源水库表层水体DOM进行了研究,研究结果表明:不同水源水库表层水体DOM表现出不同荧光特性,溶解性有机物种类主要以富里酸为主(包括紫外区和可见区)。因此,如何控制和降低水源水体富里酸含量,提高水厂净水工艺对富里酸的去除效率是保证饮用水水质的关键所在之一。     

三维荧光分析O3和UV-C处理铜绿微囊藻过程

采用三维荧光色谱(EEM)研究O3和UV-C处理铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic Aeruginosa)过程中胞外溶解性有机物(EDOM)及胞内溶解性有机物(IDOM)的荧光特性变化,并对其进行定性和定量分析。研究结果表明:未处理的铜绿微囊藻的胞外荧光物质以类蛋白质物质为主,胞内以类蛋白质和类氨基酸物质为主;定量分析采用区域积分方法,经过处理之后,胞内、外类蛋白质峰和类腐殖质峰强度均有变化,不同氧化剂处理过程中各个特征荧光峰的变化趋势不同,存在不同的反应机理,其中,中等强度UV-C对藻类荧光有机物降解效果显著,低浓度的O3对藻类荧光有机物降解效果不佳。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.