电流体动力学技术制备纳米TiO2多孔薄膜

采用水热合成法合成纳米TiO2溶胶并配合一定量的高分子分散剂聚乙烯醇制备成镀膜所用的溶胶。利用电流体动力学技术(EHD)将镀膜液均匀地喷涂到氟掺杂导电玻璃表面,高温烧结后制备得到纳米TiO2多孔薄膜。通过SEM、TEM、XRD及紫外-可见吸收光谱等研究方法对制备得到的TiO2多孔薄膜进行结构表征。结果表明:所得多孔薄膜由纳米颗粒组成的亚微米级的球形团簇构成,在纳米颗粒及球形团簇间存在着从纳米到亚微米的连续尺寸的孔道分布。所制备的多孔薄膜可应用在光催化和染料敏化太阳能电池等领域。     

Cu-In膜成分偏析对CIS膜结构的影响

为了研究Cu-In薄膜中的局部偏聚现象及其对硒化后CuInSe2(CIS)薄膜中各元素分布和组织结构的影响,采用中频磁控溅射工艺,溅射Cu-In合金靶,制备了总体Cu/In原子数比接近1的Cu-In预制膜,并在硒气氛下硒化制备了CIS太阳能电池吸收层。采用扫描电子显微镜和能量弥散X射线分析技术对Cu-In预制膜及CIS薄膜的表面形貌、成分进行了观察和分析,采用X射线衍射和Raman散射谱表征了薄膜的组织结构。结果表明:Cu-In预制膜主要由Cu11In9相组成,但存在豆状的富In区;在总体Cu/In原子数比接近1时,硒化后可得到各元素分布均匀、具有化学计量比的CIS,且晶体结构为单一的黄铜矿相。CIS薄膜的导电类型为P型,电阻率达到1.2kΩ.cm。     

p-i-n型非晶硅薄膜电池p层材料制备及光学性能研究

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)方法制备非化学计量比氢化非晶碳化硅(a-SiC:H)薄膜材料,借助紫外可见(UV-Vis)光谱、激光拉曼(Raman)光谱和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱等手段,研究了p-i-n型非晶硅(a-Si:H)薄膜太阳能电池p层a-SiC:H薄膜材料的制备与光学性能.研究结果表明甲烷和硅烷掺杂比能影响a-Si:H薄膜成键情况,而射频功率一定程度上能影响薄膜沉积速率,该研究结果可为制备转换效率高、性能稳定的p-i-n型非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池提供支持.     

预置金属层顺序沉积法制备CZTS薄膜太阳能电池的研究进展

CZTS薄膜太阳能电池因其带隙与太阳辐射匹配性好、光吸收系数高、原料储藏量大、价格便宜、无毒等优点,将成为未来最具发展前景的薄膜电池之一。简述了预置金属层顺序沉积法制备CZTS薄膜太阳能电池的最新研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Nano-SiC薄膜在太阳能电池窗口表面的应用

由于环境的污染使空气中有泥土,太阳能电池在户外使用一段时间后,其窗口表面就会附着一些灰尘颗粒影响其进光量,进而影响太阳能电池的光电转换效率。采用溶胶凝胶法制备并通过热烧结过程,将Nano-SiC透明薄膜制备在太阳能电池窗口表面。通过实验测试了表面制备不同厚度的Nano-SiC薄膜对太阳能电池I-V特性的影响。实验结果表明Nano-SiC薄膜具有很好的光子透过性和自洁能力,能够提高太阳能电池的光电转换效率。     

烧结氛围对铜锌锡硫硒薄膜性质的影响

Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4薄膜太阳能电池吸收层的质量,受薄膜的烧结氛围影响,进而影响其电池器件的性能。利用溶液法,分别在氮气和空气两种氛围下制备Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4吸收层薄膜,系统地研究烧结氛围对Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4薄膜性质的影响。首先,采用甲胺水溶液和硫代乙醇酸的混合溶液为溶剂,依次溶解S、Sn、Zn和Cu单质,配制Cu_2ZnSnS_4前驱体溶液;然后,通过旋涂/烧结的方法,分别在氮气气氛和空气中制得Cu_2ZnSnS_4预制薄膜,进一步对预制薄膜进行高温硒化处理,得到两种氛围的Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4薄膜;最后,经过XRD、Raman、SEM、C-AFM和I-V特性曲线等测试表征。结果发现:氮气气氛的Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4薄膜晶粒尺寸较大、表面形貌更均匀、结晶性和导电率较高,薄膜质量相对更佳,说明氮气氛围更有利于制备适合于高性能电池器件的Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4吸收层薄膜。     

柔性CZTSSe薄膜太阳电池的制备及扩散阻挡层对其性能影响的研究

在不锈钢衬底上,采用溶胶-凝胶后硒化退火工艺制备CZTSSe薄膜并构建成太阳电池器件.采用扫描电镜、X射线能量色谱仪和太阳电池测试系统对薄膜和柔性电池器件进行表征.研究结果表明:通过对比,430钢上制备的CZTSSe吸收层最符合制备高性能器件的要求;研究了不同扩散阻挡层对器件性能的影响,其中Ti阻挡层不仅可以促进CZTSSe晶粒长大,还可以显著提高电池的短路电流和填充因子,对电池的转换效率有大幅的提升,并最终获得了转化效率为1.19%的柔性CZTSSe薄膜太阳电池.     

室温不可逆原电池技术制备BaMoO_4多晶薄膜(英文)

室温条件下于Ba(OH)2溶液中采用无外加电流的非可逆原电池技术在钼金属基片上制备了BaMoO4多晶薄膜.采用XRD、SEM和Raman技术表征了制备薄膜的微结构;同时探讨了BaMoO4薄膜的电化学形成机制.XRD,SEM和Raman分析结果表明制备的薄膜表面均匀、致密,是白钨矿结构的四方单相BaMoO4;非可逆原电池条件下BaMoO4薄膜的形成包括阳极氧化溶解反应和溶液沉积反应,原电池反应的驱动力是电池的正极与负极的电势差.     

湿法制备氧化石墨烯/碳纳米管电极的聚合物太阳能电池器件

湿法制备聚合物太阳能电池具有过程简单、大面积制备以及低成本等优点,它是新型太阳能电池技术走向应用的策略之一.文中在室内条件下采用湿法旋涂方法制备了氧化石墨烯/碳纳米管混合薄膜,该薄膜具有良好的透光性与导电性,方块电阻为4 500 ohm/sq时相对应薄膜的透光率达到90% (550 nm).此外,场效应测试表明该混合薄膜呈现p型半导体特性,表明可用于解离空穴的收集.所以,基于该导电薄膜为电极材料制备的聚合物二极管具有光伏效应,在能量转换中有潜在应用.     

溶胶凝胶旋涂方法制备Dy~(3+)掺杂的LaVO_4薄膜(英文)

通过向溶胶前躯体溶液中加入与金属阳离子不同比例的柠檬酸,用溶胶凝胶旋涂方法制备透明并且致密的Dy3+掺杂的LaVO4薄膜.当柠檬酸与金属阳离子的比例为2∶1时,制成的薄膜对可见和红外光的透过率达到90%左右,以波长为310 nm的光激发薄膜时可以得到对应于4F9/2-6H15/2和4F9/2-6H13/2跃迁的波长为484 nm(蓝光)和576 nm(黄光)的发射波,讨论Dy3+掺杂的LaVO4薄膜在染料敏化太阳能电池里的潜在应用.     

Acrylonitrile-methyl Methacrylate Copolymer Films Containing Microencapsulated n-Octadecane

Acryionitrilv-methyi mcthacrylate copolymer was synthesized in aqueous solution by Redox. The copolymer was mixed with 10 - 40 wt% of microencapsulated n-octadecane （MieroPCMs） in water. Copolymer films containing Mi- eroPCMs were cast at room temperature in N, N- imethyiformamide solution. The copolymer of acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate and the copolymer films containing MicroPC- Ms were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （FTIR）, Differential Scanning Calorimetry （DSC）, Thermosravimetrlc Analyzer （TG）, X-ray Diffraction （XRD） and Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM）, etc. The mierocapsules in the films are evenly distributed in the copolymer matrix. The heat-absorbing temperatures and heat-evolving temperatures of the films are almost the same as that of the MieroPCMs, respectively, and fluctuate in a slight range. In addition, the enthalpy efficiency of MieroPCMs rises with the contents of MicroPCMs increasing. The crystallirdty of the film increases with the contents of MicroPOMs increasing.     

CuInSe<Subscript>2</Subscript> thin films obtained by pulse-plating electrodeposition technique with novel pulse wave

CuInSe₂ films were electrodeposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate in constant current mode using bell-like wave modulated square wave in aqueous solution. The films obtained at different pulse frequencies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectro- scopy was used to study the optical properties of these films. The results showed that the chalcopyrite phase CuInSe₂ films with a smooth surface and stoichiometric composition could be obtained at appropriate pulse frequency. The crystallinity of CuInSe₂ films could be further improved after annealing treatment. Despite this, we also found that the films obtained using the pulse-plating electrodeposition technique had a faster deposition rate and better film adhesion ability than that using the traditional CIS elec-trodeposition technique, which is significant to the low-cost CIS thin film solar cell production.     

硝酸盐热解法制备Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO超导体

介绍了用混合硝酸盐直接热解法制备Bi系超导体的研究结果。并且通过对样品进行超导性能测量,得到所制样品的超导转变温度为98k,零电阻温度为78K。通过扫描电镜和X光衍射实验分析,看到样品呈多相结构。主相85K相含比例较大,样品为正交结构。     

磁控溅射制备CdS/ZnO复合薄膜及其光电性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射两步法制备出CdS/ZnO复合膜,并通过XRD、SEM、AFM、UV-vis、IPCE表征了制备的薄膜。SEM及AFM测试表明,相比于单独的CdS薄膜,CdS/ZnO复合膜的表面形成了更加明显的介孔结构;光电转换效率测试表明,相比单独的CdS薄膜,CdS/ZnO复合膜表现出更高的转换效率,0V(vs. Ag/AgCl)偏压下,IPCE值由36.1%(410nm)增大到66.1%(410nm)。光电转换效率的增加一方面是由介孔表面引起的光吸收增加以及表面活性位增多引起;另一方面,两种半导体的复合形成异质结,异质结的形成促进了光生电子-空穴的分离,提高了薄膜的光电转换效率。     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan blend films

In order to improve the mechanical and water swelling properties of the chitosan (CS) film, a series of transparent films were prepared by blending 2% (weight) chitosan acetic acid solution with 1.5% (weight) carboxymethylated konjac glucomannan (CMKGM) aqueous solution according to predetermined ratio and drying at 30°C. The morphological structure, miscibility, thermal stability, mechanical properies, and swelling capacity of the blend films were studied by infrared (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and measurements of the mechanical properties and swelling properties. The results demonstrated that there was strong interaction and good miscibility between CS and CMKGM resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force. The mechanical properties in dry state and wet state, thermostability, and water swelling properties of the blend films were obviously improved. The best values of the tensile strength in the dry and wet state achieved 89 MPa and 49 MPa, respectively, when the CMKGM content was 30% (weight). The CS/ CMKGM blend films provided promising biomedical applications. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No.29977014). Biography: Zheng hua (1965-), male, Associate professor, research direction: renewable resource chemistry.     

化学溶液沉积法制备铁掺杂镍酸镧薄膜的结构及电学性能研究

 采用化学溶液沉积法,在（100）取向单晶硅衬底上制备铁掺杂镍酸镧（LaNi_1-xFe_xO₃,LNFeO-x）薄膜,研究了其结构和室温下的导电特性。X射线衍射测试结果表明,经700 ℃ 1 h退火的薄膜呈钙钛矿结构,没有可以观察到的杂相生成。薄膜表面平整、致密,没有微裂痕出现。随着铁含量的增加,薄膜电阻率由1.7 mΩ·cm 增加到 3.9 mΩ·cm。     

Solid solution or amorphous phase formation in TiZr-based ternary to quinternary multi-principal-element films

TiZr-based multicomponent metallic films composed of 3–5 constituents with almost equal atomic concentrations were prepared by cosputtering of pure metallic targets in an Ar atmosphere.X-ray diffraction was employed to determine phase composition,crystalline structure,lattice parameters,texture and crystallite size of the deposited films.The deposited films exhibited only solid solution(fcc,bcc or hcp) or amorphous phases,no intermetallic components being detected.It was found that the hcp structure was stabilized by the presence of Hf or Y,bcc by Nb or Al and fcc by Cu.For the investigated films,the atomic size difference,mixing enthalpy,mixing entropy,Gibbs free energy of mixing and the electronegativity difference for solid solution and amorphous phases were calculated based on Miedema’s approach of the regular solution model.It was shown that the atomic size difference and the ratio between the Gibbs free energies of mixing of the solid solution and amorphous phases were the most significant parameters controlling the film crystallinity.     

沉积电位对ZnO薄膜结构及光电性能的影响

以硝酸锌溶液为电解液,采用电化学沉积方法,在导电玻璃(ITO)上制备ZnO薄膜.使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对制备的ZnO薄膜结构和形貌进行表征,并研究薄膜的光电性能.结果表明,通过该方法制备的ZnO具有标准的六方纤锌矿纳米柱状结构,沉积电位为-0.75、-0.80、-0.85 V时,制备的ZnO纳米柱的直径分别为250、400、500 nm,禁带宽度分别为3.12、3.27、3.29 eV,光电流密度分别为1.18、1.07、0.89μA.cm-2.     

稀土改性碳纳米管复合薄膜制备及其摩擦磨损性能

利用自组装技术,在玻璃基片表面制备了稀土改性碳纳米管复合薄膜,采用接触角测量仪测量了不同成膜时间下水在薄膜表面的接触角,使用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了薄膜表面稀土元素的化学状态,并运用UMT 2MT型摩擦磨损试验机评价了薄膜的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明：稀土改性后的碳纳米管成功地组装到磷酸化后的氨基硅烷薄膜表面而形成碳纳米管复合薄膜;碳纳米管复合薄膜表现出优异的摩擦磨损性能,在给定试验条件下,玻璃基片表面的摩擦系数由0.70降至0.13左右, 并表现出了优异的耐磨性和摩擦稳定性.     

戊二醛交联对壳聚糖/PVA共混膜结构和性能的影响

用流延法成功制备聚乙烯醇-壳聚糖共混膜,然后进行戊二醛交联处理.用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜对经过湿热处理和交联的共混膜进行了表征,测试了膜的力学性能和吸水性.结果表明,经戊二醛交联的膜结晶被部分破坏.共混膜的吸水性实验表明,壳聚糖/PVA共混膜的pH敏感性可通过控制交联剂浓度改变.该法可以在壳聚糖/PVA共混膜控释体系的后处理方面得到应用.