电场作用下单气泡行为的可视化

为进一步探索电场强化沸腾换热的机理,利用高速摄像机研究了绝热条件下注入到静止变压器油中的氮气泡在电场作用下的行为。获得了在不同电场作用下气泡形态成长的实验图像,并分析了电场作用下气泡的长径比、脱离体积和脱离周期随电场的变化关系。实验研究表明:随着电场强度的增大,气泡的长径比变大,脱离体积变小,脱离周期变短。电场中气泡行为的改变主要取决于电场强度和电极距离。外电场作用促进了注入气泡从小孔的脱离。     

电场作用下单气泡行为的可视化

为进一步探索电场强化沸腾换热的机理,利用高速摄像机研究绝热条件下注入到静止变压器油中的氮气泡在电场作用下的行为,获得了在不同电场作用下气泡形态成长的实验图像,并分析了电场作用下气泡的长径比、脱离体积和脱离周期随电场的变化关系。实验研究表明:随着电场强度的增大,气泡的长径比变大,脱离体积变小,脱离周期变短。电场中气泡行为的改变主要取决于电场强度和电极距离。外电场作用促进了注入气泡从小孔的脱离。     

电场对沸腾汽泡影响的实验研究

为进一步探索电场强化沸腾换热的机理,利用高速摄像仪对沸腾汽泡在电场作用下的生长过程进行了可视化实验研究.实验观察到电场作用下汽泡生长的动态图像.研究结果表明,电场作用下汽泡沿场强方向伸长,随着场强的升高,汽泡的脱离长径比增大,汽泡脱离壁面时的椭球外形更加明显;随着场强的增大,汽泡的脱离体积减小.分析了汽泡行为的变化对电场强化沸腾换热的影响.     

均匀电场作用下气泡变形的研究

为进一步探索电场强化沸腾换热的机理,利用高速摄像仪拍摄了气泡在不同场强作用下的实验图像,并对气泡脱离壁面时的形态进行了定量分析.实验结果表明,电场作用下气泡沿场强方向伸长,随着场强的升高,气泡的脱离长径比增大,变形量增大.并对气泡界面所受的电应力进行了计算,计算结果显示,气泡变形是由于气泡受到电应力的作用,电应力在赤道方向压缩汽泡,在极轴方向拉伸气泡,使得气泡沿场强方向变细变长.     

电场作用下单气泡行为的数值模拟

为了解电场强化沸腾换热的机理,分析了单气泡在电场作用下的行为特点.通过求解不可压缩流体的连续性方程,加入电场力的动量方程和VOF(volume of fluid)方程,得到了单气泡在电场下从壁面脱离的过程.结果发现,气泡在电场下脱离时间变短,并沿着电场方向伸长.气泡内部流动加剧,形成多个涡.结果表明,电场作用下气泡的行为特点产生显著的变化.     

均匀电场对池沸腾换热的影响分析

对均匀高压电场作用下平板池沸腾换热的强化效果进行了试验研究,发现在较低过热度的范围内电场对换热有明显的强化效果.场强越高,相同过热度对应的换热系数越高.在相同的场强下,强化系数随着热流密度的增加而减少.结合试验结果对电场强化沸腾换热的机制进行了分析.在热流密度较小的范围内,对流换热占主导地位,电场强化对流换热使壁面过热度大大下降,导致相应过热度下汽泡的平衡半径提高,因此,抑制了核态沸腾.随着热流密度的提高,汽泡的产生和运动成为影响换热的主要因素,此时过热度的变化不是很大,在相同的过热度下,电场可以减小汽泡的临界半径,使汽泡增多.在汽泡准备区,电场会影响汽泡的核化;在汽泡成长区,电场会影响汽泡的长大、变形和脱离;在非沸腾区,电场会影响单相流体的自然对流换热.     

气液两相流中气泡周围电场特性研究

针对均匀电场作用下的气液两相系统建立了数学模型 ,研究了单个及多个气泡附着于壁面、即将脱离和上升至两极板间的电场分布情况 .结果表明 ,气泡周围电场的强弱及其分布的均匀性是影响气泡运动的重要因素 .当大量气泡出现并有部分气泡脱离壁面时 ,电场对气泡的作用减弱 ,这为高热流密度下电场强化沸腾换热效果不再明显提供了理论依据 .     

制冷工质R11池沸腾换热气泡行为的可视化研究

采用可视化实验技术对压力为0.1MPa的条件下、制冷工质R11池沸腾气泡行为进行了深入观察和分析．可视化实验结果表明，气泡底部微液层的蒸发对气泡的生长具有极其重要的作用．在气泡生长过程中，未发现气泡底部的微液层有液体补充．研究结果表明，随着壁面过热度的升高，气泡脱离直径与脱离时间减小，而气泡脱离频率升高．此外，通过对实验图像资料的分析，得到了气泡直径及气泡底部干斑直径随时间的变化曲线以及沸腾表面汽化核心密度随热流变化的关联式．基于实验结果，利用动态微液层模型对制冷工质R11的池沸腾曲线进行了预测，结果显示，预测值与实验值在高热流密度条件下符合较好．     

气液两相流中气泡周围电场特性研究

针对均匀电场作用下的气液两相系统建立了数学模型，研究了单个及多个气泡附着于壁面、即将脱离和上升至两极板间的电场分布情况．结果表明，气泡周围电场的强弱及其分布的均匀性是影响气泡运动的重要因素．当大量气泡出现并有部分气泡脱离壁面时，电场对气泡的作用减弱，这为高热流密度下电场强化沸腾换热效果不再明显提供了理论依据。     

电场中气泡在换热表面上的变形及对沸腾换热影响

从电场分布的角度，研究了换热表面上气泡在电场力作用下的变形规律和气泡变形影响EHD(electrohydrodynaInics)强化沸腾换热的机理．电场分布决定了气泡在电场力作用下的变形方式，如果换热表面的电场强度高于周围液体或电极的电场强度，则气泡受拉伸作用：反之，气泡受压制作用．热边界层的存在会减小电场力对气泡的拉伸作用，增强电场力对气泡的压制作用，但不会改变气泡的变形方式，气泡在换热表面上无论是被拉伸还是被压制，都能使沸腾换热得到强化，但两者的强化换热机理不同。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.