海水介质中环境友好型紫铜缓蚀剂的缓蚀性研究

采用失重法、极化曲线、电镜扫描和XPS能谱分析等方法对苯并三氮唑（BTA）及其复合缓蚀剂对海水中紫铜的缓蚀性能及缓蚀机理进行了研究。实验结果表明：单独使用BTA浓度达到150mg·L^-1时，缓蚀率大于90％；BTA与柠檬酸钠复配后，缓蚀率有了很大提高，当BTA浓度为2mg·L^-1，柠檬酸钠浓度为20mg·L^-1时，缓蚀率达到96．0％，腐蚀速率为0．01014mm／a，缓蚀剂成本大大降低。极化曲线试验结果表明，PGA缓蚀剂在海水中为阴极型缓蚀剂，BTA与柠檬酸钠复合缓蚀剂为混合型缓蚀剂。对添加了缓蚀剂的海水中的紫铜表面进行的扫描电镜测试及XPS能谱分析的实验结果表明：添加了BTA和柠檬酸钠缓蚀剂的紫铜表面光滑，基本没有腐蚀；且在试片表面形成了缓蚀剂各组分均参与成膜的非水溶性保护层，有效的抑制了紫铜在海水中的溶解腐蚀。     

盐酸溶液中有机磷缓蚀剂DPPM对Q235钢的缓蚀性能研究

合成了有机磷缓蚀剂1,1-双(二苯膦基)甲烷(DPPM),采用电化学极化曲线法研究了DP-PM在1.0 mol·L-1HCl溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用,并考察了DPPM浓度、HCl浓度、试验温度和缓蚀液放置时间对DPPM缓蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明DPPM为混合型缓蚀剂,在30℃时,DPPM浓度为80 mg·L-1的1 mol·L-1HCl溶液中,缓蚀剂DPPM对Q235钢的缓蚀率达到了97.43%。DPPM的缓蚀率随腐蚀体系温度升高而降低,同样随体系酸度增大而降低,但随时间的延长,其缓蚀性变化不大。     

盐酸溶液中dmit(Bu~n)_2对Q235钢的缓蚀性能研究

合成了有机硫化合物4,5-二(正丁硫基)-1,3-二硫杂环戊二烯-2-硫酮(dmit(Bun)2),用元素分析和红外光谱进行了表征,采用电化学极化曲线法研究了dmit(Bun)2在1.0 mol·L-1HCl溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用,并考察了dmit(Bun)2浓度、HCl浓度、腐蚀体系温度、缓蚀液放置时间对缓蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明:在30℃时,dmit(Bun)2浓度为80 mg·L-1的1.0 mol·L-1HCl溶液中,缓蚀剂对Q235钢的缓蚀率达到了99.01%,dmit(Bun)2为混合型缓蚀剂。吸附拟合表明:dmit(Bun)2在Q235钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,属于自发进行的化学吸附。dmit(Bun)2的缓蚀率随dmit(Bun)2浓度增大而升高,随腐蚀体系温度升高而降低,随HCl浓度增大而逐渐降低,随静置时间的延长、dmit(Bun)2的缓蚀性变化不大。     

1-羟基苯并三氮唑和钼酸钠对铜的缓蚀协同作用

采用电化学、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等实验方法研究了1-羟基苯并三氮唑(BTAOH)和钼酸钠(Na2Mo O4)复配后对铜在ASTM D 1384模拟大气腐蚀溶液中的缓蚀协同作用.电化学实验结果表明:BTAOH与Na2Mo O4在50 mg·L-1的质量浓度条件下,以2∶1复配使用能够显著提高铜在模拟大气腐蚀溶液中的电荷转移电阻,降低腐蚀电流密度,缓蚀率达到90.7%;铜在模拟大气腐蚀溶液中的腐蚀产物呈聚集柱状堆砌在表面,而在含有缓蚀剂的溶液中表面平整致密,且疏水性增强,接触角显著增大至91.8°.X射线光电子能谱结果显示Na2Mo O4与铜表面作用后形成Mo O3和Mo O2,两种氧化物填充在BTAOH形成的表面膜的缝隙中,提高了膜的致密性,对铜产生良好的保护作用.     

苯并三氮唑衍生物的缓蚀性能研究

以苯并三氮唑（BTA）为原料合成1-羟甲基苯并三氮唑,将其与乙二胺按一定比例混合,通过挂片、电极化曲线以及交流阻抗等实验方法对其缓蚀性能进行了测定.证明该缓蚀剂在质量分数为3%的NaCl溶液中10mg/L的质量浓度下对黄铜的缓蚀率达到90%,比BTA有更好的缓蚀性能.电化学测量表明,新缓蚀剂的加入使铜的自腐蚀电位负移,增强了阴极极化的抑制作用,提高了铜电极表面的电荷转移电阻,从而具有教好的缓蚀效果.     

钼系复合缓蚀剂性能研究

以钼酸钠为主缓蚀剂,通过与硫酸锌、硅酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的复配制得钼系复合缓蚀剂,考察其对3.5%NaCl介质中碳钢的缓蚀性能。通过动电位极化曲线法和正交实验方法确定了最优缓蚀剂配方:钼酸钠50 mg/L、SDBS 30 mg/L、硅酸钠5 mg/L、硫酸锌2 mg/L。动电位极化曲线和失重实验结果一致表明:该复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能优异,对碳钢在3.5%NaCl介质的缓蚀率高达90%。同时用扫描电镜研究了碳钢表面的微观形貌变化。     

环保型复合缓蚀剂的制备与性能

为了解决碳钢在含有NaCl溶液中的腐蚀问题,在硅酸钠溶液中复配其他缓蚀组分,制备环保型复合缓蚀剂.通过Tafel极化曲线,盐水浸泡实验,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对缓蚀剂的性能进行表征.实验结果表明:在室温条件下含缓蚀剂的NaCl水溶液(质量分数5%)对碳钢的腐蚀速率明显降低,缓蚀率达到85.58%,SEM分析显示碳钢表面形成了一层致密的钝化膜;随着腐蚀体系的温度、搅拌速度升高以及碳钢浸泡时间的延长,缓蚀效率不断下降.     

BTA对碳钢在LiBr溶液中腐蚀的影响

采用静态挂片法研究苯并三氮唑(BTA)对碳钢在 LiBr 溶液中腐蚀的影响,利用极化曲线探讨其缓蚀作用的机理.实验表明 BTA 对碳钢在 LiBr 溶液中有一定的缓蚀作用,其中添加0.020 mol·L~(-1)BTA 和0.20 mol·L~(-1) LiOH 能显著抑制 LiBr 溶液对碳钢的腐蚀。BTA 可能是在碳钢表面形成一层 Fe-BTA 吸附膜,阻滞阳极反应从而起到缓蚀作用。     

海带提取物对盐酸溶液中碳钢的缓蚀性能

以水为溶剂,通过压榨、搅拌、抽滤、烘干获得海带提取物缓蚀剂,采用失重法、极化曲线、扫描电镜考察了海带提取物对盐酸溶液中碳钢的缓蚀性能.结果表明:60℃添加200mg/L海带提取物的1mol/L盐酸溶液中碳钢的腐蚀速率为6.88g/(m~2·h),缓蚀效率为95.19%,提取物在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式.提取物对盐酸溶液中碳钢腐蚀的阴极过程和阳极过程均有抑制作用,腐蚀电位变化不大,表明提取物为混合型缓蚀剂.添加缓蚀剂后,腐蚀电流密度由9.00×10~(-2) A·cm~(-2)降至2.21×10~(-2) A·cm~(-2).扫描电镜照片表明,添加海带提取物后,盐酸溶液中碳钢的腐蚀被明显抑制,打磨划痕清晰可见,未见局部腐蚀发生.     

Na_2WO_4与BTA复配对碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用交流阻抗法和极化曲线法来研究环境友好型缓蚀剂钨酸盐和苯并三氮唑(BTA)、ZnSO4、D-葡萄糖酸钠等的复配对碳钢的缓蚀效果。研究发现,当缓蚀剂总浓度为5×10-4mol/L时,钨酸盐和BTA复配摩尔比为2∶1时缓蚀效果最好,当配方中含有4mg/LZnSO4,其缓蚀效果有一定增加;再加入10mg/LD-葡萄糖酸钠后缓蚀效果明显增加。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with