二元表面活性剂复配体系相互作用的研究

本文对非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯（n=23)月桂基醚（Brij-35）和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）及阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为二元表面活性剂复配水溶液体系，在气－液界面和胶团中的有关物化性能进行了一系列测试，对它们之间的相互作用机理进行了探讨，得出了分子相互作用参数βs和βm，并对复配体系相互作用增效情况进行了讨论。     

温度及油酸钠复配对CTAB水溶液性质的影响

用滴体积法研究了温度及油酸钠（SO）的复配对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）水溶液的表面活性与胶团形成的影响。结果表明：在305－337K之间，CTAB的临界胶团浓度（Ccmc）随温度的升高而增大，形成胶团的过程是一个焓熵共同驱动的热力学自发过程；在CTAB－SO复配体系中，正负离子表面活性剂之间存在着强烈的相互作用，等摩尔混合体系（1：1）具有最高的表面活性，Ccmc，γcmc，β^m，β^s和pC20均具有最低值。     

双子两性磷酸酯/十二烷基硫酸钠复配体系的表面活性

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和双子两性磷酸酯表面活性剂(C12GP)的形成胶束能力和降低表面张力能力的协同作用,发现C12GP与SDS摩尔比为4:1时增效作用显著.考察了无机盐、醇对复配体系表面活性的影响.结果表明:加盐能够提高表面活性;短链脂肪醇作为添加剂应用于复配体系后,当混合表面活性剂的浓度较低时,其临界胶束浓度(ccm)比直接使用混合表面活性剂的ccm有所下降;同时长链脂肪醇作为添加剂应用于复配体系后,其ccm比直接使用混合表面活性剂的ccm下降显著.     

烷基多苷复配体系的润湿性能研究

润湿性是表面活性剂的一个重要特性。采用帆布沉降法测定了烷基多苷(APG)与目前常用的润湿渗透剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(JFC)的润湿力，找出二元复配体系在各个浓度下的最佳复配比，并将该配比下的润湿性与常用的阴离子渗透剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)进行比较。实验表明：复配后的二元体系表面活性剂具有比一元体系更好的润湿力，该复配体系润湿性较优，说明APG与JFC在润湿性方面具有协同效应。     

全氟烷基糖醚表面活性剂及其聚醚F—68复配体系的表面活性

采用铂环法测定聚醚Ｆ－６８、全氟碳烷基丙烯基糖醚衍生物表面活性剂及其组成的复配体系的表面张力，评价该单一和复配表面活性剂体系的表面活性，探讨全氟碳烷基丙烯基醚衍生物表面活性剂对聚醚Ｆ－６８的增效作用。结果表明，三种全氟碳烷基丙烯基糖醚衍生物表面活性剂均具有较好的表面活性，且都能与聚醚Ｆ－６８形成的复配体系表现出很好的增效作用，增效作用与其在复配体系中的含量比例有关。     

全氟烷基糖醚表面活性剂及其聚醚F－68复配体系的表面活性

采用铂环法测定聚醚Ｆ－６８、全氟碳烷基丙烯基糖醚衍生物表面活性剂及其组成的复配体系的表面张力，评价该单一和复配表面活性剂体系的表面活性，探讨全氟碳烷基丙烯基糖醚衍生物表面活性剂对聚醚Ｆ－６８的增效作用．结果表明，三种全氟碳烷基丙烯基糖醚衍生物表面活性剂均具有较好的表面活性，且都能与聚醚Ｆ－６８形成的复配体系表现出很好的增效作用，增效作用与其在复配体系中的含量比例有关．     

硫代甜菜碱12/十二烷基磺酸钠复配体系表面活性的研究

表面活性剂复配体系在水溶液中表现出优越的性能,其复配规律的研究,对于表面活性剂的应用具有重要的指导作用.在30℃时通过表面张力法研究了两性离子表面活性剂硫代甜菜碱12(SB3-12)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)复配体系形成胶束能力和降低表面张力能力方面的协同作用.结果表明:复配体系在降低临界胶束浓度(CMC)和表面张力能力方面可产生明显的协同增效作用,且SB3-12和SDS的摩尔比为5∶5时增效作用最显著,其CMC和最低表面张力分别为1.80 mmol.L-1和34.90mN.m-1,明显低于单一组分.并考察了复配体系的稳定性及无水硫酸铜、β-环糊精、正丁醇对复配体系表面活性的影响,发现复配体系具有很好的稳定性,无水硫酸铜、正丁醇能提高复配体系的表面活性,而β-环糊精的加入降低了体系的表面活性.     

胶团强化超滤去除水溶液中Cd2+,Cu2+和Ni2+的研究

采用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠研究胶团强化超滤法对水溶液中3种重金属离子Cd2+,Cu2+和Ni2+的去除,考察不同阴离子的钠盐对胶团强化超滤性能的影响,通过动态光散射法测定溶液中表面活性剂胶团的直径。研究结果表明:胶团直径随着SDS浓度的增加逐渐减小,NaCl浓度增加屏蔽了表面活性剂头基之间的静电排斥力,导致胶团聚集数和直径增大;当表面活性剂和金属离子浓度比为10时,在单一和混合体系中,同一条件下的Cd2+,Cu2+和Ni2+截留率都基本相同,均高于98%,证明胶团强化超滤去除金属离子的机理是金属离子通过静电引力吸附于SDS胶团上,金属离子的截留率只与其价态有关,而与金属离子种类无关;高浓度NaCl的加入会使Cd2+截留率显著降低。     

C12TAB和C12E7混合水溶液中胶团生成和表面层吸附

C12TAB/C12E7 混合体系的胶团化和表面层吸附行为表明, 在C12TAB水溶液中添加C12E7 使混合体系临界胶团浓度Ccmc 急剧下降, 表面张力降低效率明显提高, 而表面张力降低能力还出现大范围浓度内的增效. 和阴离子/ 非离子表面活性剂混合体系相比较, 阳离子/ 非离子表面活性剂容易形成混合胶团, 但界面吸附倾向相对不如前者强     

C12TAB和C12E7混合水溶液中胶团生成和表面层吸附

C12TAB/C12E7 混合体系的胶团化和表面层吸附行为表明, 在C12TAB水溶液中添加C12E7 使混合体系临界胶团浓度Ccmc 急剧下降, 表面张力降低效率明显提高, 而表面张力降低能力还出现大范围浓度内的增效. 和阴离子/ 非离子表面活性剂混合体系相比较, 阳离子/ 非离子表面活性剂容易形成混合胶团, 但界面吸附倾向相对不如前者强     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to