油井出砂监测技术现状及发展趋势

 将出砂冷采技术应用到稠油油藏,虽然会大幅提高油井的产量,但实际生产中过度出砂或者过度防砂都会带来各类问题。为了在出砂生产和防砂之间寻求最优的解决方案,实现油井适度出砂,需要一套出砂监测系统进行实时监测,持续有效显示出砂信息,为出砂生产和防砂提供最优的策略。通过对国内外出砂监测技术的调研,总结了出砂监测的主要方法,介绍了出砂监测的主要设备,分析了监测信号的处理方法,指出了出砂监测的重要性及未来发展趋势。     

考虑连续消耗的多出救点、多物资的应急调度问题的研究

针对多出救点、多物资、物资连续消耗的应急调度模型,提出了一种新的考虑连续消耗的多出救点、多物资应急调度算法,该算法在依次选择出救点的过程中,综合考虑了每一个出救点满足灾区需求的能力大小和该出救点的选择对选择下一个出救点的影响,从而得到了一系列非劣候选出救点,然后让每一个候选出救点尝试参与出救,来寻找出救点最少的出救方案.并通过一个实例验证了该算法的优越性和有效性.     

超声波强化溶出12CaO·7Al_2O_3的研究

分别用常规溶出和超声波强化溶出对12CaO.7Al2O3的溶出性能进行了研究,结果发现:其他条件相同的情况下,有超声波作用时碳钠质量浓度为80 g.L-1的氧化铝溶出率高于碳钠质量浓度为120 g.L-1的常规溶出的氧化铝溶出率;溶出温度为69℃的氧化铝溶出率高于常规溶出78℃时的氧化铝溶出率;在0~60 min内,超声波作用时间越长强化效果越好;超声波功率在40~140 W之间变化时,氧化铝溶出率呈逐渐增加而后平缓的趋势.此外,还初步探讨了超声波作用机理:超声波的照射提高了离子的运动速度,加速了传质的进行,破坏了颗粒之间的团聚,从而提高了氧化铝溶出率.     

再论拜耳法氧化铝理论溶出率

根据溶出不同类型铝土矿时溶出赤泥矿物相组成不同,阐明了氧化铝理论溶出率的基本概念和本质含义,并评述了不同类型铝土矿的氧化铝理论溶出率的相应表达式。阐明了氧化铝的理论溶出率不仅决定于铝土矿的类型,而且还决定于溶出条件。     

三水铝石矿机械活化性能及其动力学

分析了机械活化作用下铝土矿的溶出特点,考察了溶出温度、溶出时间及机械活化转速等对铝土矿直接溶出与机械活化溶出性能效果的影响,并探讨了该过程控制步骤的转化规律.研究结果表明:机械活化作用可有效降低三水铝石型铝土矿的溶出温度及溶出时间,放宽给矿粒度,在装球量为30%,钢弹转速为100 r/min,料球质量比为1.2∶1,溶出温度为150℃,溶出时间为40 min的条件下,矿物中氧化铝的实际溶出率可达85%以上;机械活化作用可大幅度降低扩散控制对三水铝石矿溶出过程的影响.     

出砂预测新方法及应用研究

针对东辛油区出砂严重及其复杂机理,常规出砂预测方法精度差的问题,从储层特点、开发参数出发,系统分析出砂原因,在此基础上提出了基于支持向量机的出砂预测方法.通过选取不同的核函数,对已知出砂情况的井及其影响因素进行学习,建立了支持向量机出砂预测模型.结果表明,该模型采用径向基核函数具有较高的预测精度,同时避免了常规出砂预测...     

中等胶结储层气井出砂临界流量实验测试技术

中等胶结砂岩气藏储层出砂危害极大,气井的出砂临界流量确定尤为重要。克服了以往确定出砂临界流量的现场试验方法成本高及理论计算精度低等不足,研制了测定气井出砂临界流量的实验装置并制定了测定气井出砂临界流量的实验方法。进行了裸眼完井条件下的室内气井出砂临界流量模拟实验,测定了不同生产压差下的气体流量及出砂量,确定了气井出砂临界流量。并利用临界流量反推地层条件下的出砂临界生产压差及产能,形成中等胶结储层气井出砂临界流量的实验测试技术,在南海某气田进行了成功应用。结果表明:该实验测试技术具有先进性和可靠性。     

适度出砂对储层物性影响的室内评价方法研究

适度出砂是通过优化产量和油井的产能在防砂生产和出砂生产之间确定最优的生产策略。适度出砂对储层物性有很大影响。以渤海胶结疏松的稠油油藏为例,提出了适度出砂提高单井产量的开采方式,并开展了室内实验研究。在调研国内外出砂模拟实验的基础上,利用现有的实验装置,以适度出砂原理为理论基础,与现场实际生产相结合,开展了人造岩芯制作,采用筛析法和直接出地层砂法进行了适度出砂对储层物性影响的室内实验研究。对渤海稠油油藏出砂油井的科学生产和管理具有一定的指导意义。     

疏松砂岩油藏出砂机理物理模拟研究

利用玻璃板填砂平面模型,在室内对地层出砂进行了实验研究,分析了疏松砂岩油藏出砂机理,并对影响地层出砂的非均质性、粘度、渗透率和流体渗流速度等因素进行了分析.结果表明,大孔道的形成是一个在主流线上分枝发展的“灾变”过程.在临界出砂速度以上,随流速的增加,出砂速度迅速增大;胶结强度越高,出砂量和出砂速度越小;在相同的渗流速度下,渗透率越大,出砂量越小;随着原油粘度的增加,出砂量增加.出砂量的变化表明,胶结程度和水力冲刷是影响油层出砂的重要因素.大孔道一旦形成,油井含水率增加,油藏的采收率降低36%.     

韩氏溶出-改善利托那韦片的流体力学和溶出行为

溶出是制药行业中常用的研发手段和质量控制方法,常用的溶出方法包括篮法和桨法。由于药物在溶出装置中落点位置的不同和堆积等原因,溶出测试仍然受到重复性和准确性问题的困扰。提出溶出设备新的改良方式,并命名为"韩氏溶出"。通过改良的溶出方法对难溶性药物利托那韦原研制剂溶出考察和重现性分析。结果表明,改进的溶出装置减小了溶出装置的物理参数对溶出试验的变异性的影响,可大幅度提升重现性,避免了因测试本身的性质导致溶出试验失败的情况,从而满足质量控制的要求,以保证了研究者获得更好的体内外相关性。对目前药物制剂开发及药物一致性评价中的溶出曲线对比有较大的帮助。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to