水稻光敏核不育突变体与其原种的比较研究

本文对水稻光敏核不育突变体农垦５８Ｓ与其原种农垦５８进行了比较研究。结果表明，光敏核不育突变体农垦５８Ｓ与其原种农垦５８在各个生育期都存在明显的差异。农垦５８Ｓ表现出苗期株高、根长、叶绿素含量比农垦５８显著提高；生殖生长期，农垦５８Ｓ对光周期反应敏感，冠层叶片长度、株高、茎杆重和结实率在长日照或短日照处理下存在显著差异，农垦５８在生殖生长期对光周期反应不敏感。根据以上实验结果和已有的文献报道得出结论：水稻光敏核不育突变体农垦５８Ｓ不仅仅是雄性育性受育性转换期光周期调控这一个性状的突变，而且是同时伴随着多种性状的突变。     

光敏核不育水稻中光敏色素Ⅰ的低温荧光分析

光敏核不育水稻中光敏色素Ⅰ的低温荧光分析王伟童哲（厦门大学生物学系厦门３６１００５）（中国科学院植物研究所北京１０００４４）光敏核不育水稻（农垦５８Ｓ）是从晚粳水稻农垦５８中发现的雄性不育自然突变体，是我国特有的水稻种质资源．农垦５８Ｓ的雄性不育由光...     

水稻光敏核不育基因分子标记的研究

石明松（１９７３）从晚粳品种农垦５８大田中发现了具有光周期敏感核不育性状的水稻农垦５８Ｓ,并被正式命名为湖北光周期敏感核不育水稻（ＨＰＧＭＲ）,它的发现及利用可以将杂交水稻种子的生产方式由“三系法”改变为更经济的“二系法”,这将对杂交水稻的生产起到十...     

湖北光敏感核不育水稻发育过程中叶绿体超微结构的变化

研究了不同光周期处理下湖北光敏感核不育水稻农垦５８Ｓ个体发育过程中，叶绿体超微结构的变化，结果表明：长日照处理前，农垦５８Ｓ与农垦５８品种的叶绿体结构无明显差异。叶绿体结构变化发生在长日照处理之后，此时，水稻发育处于第二次梗原基形成期；变化了的叶绿体有以下几种类型；①基质片层与基粒片层结构均存在，但排列分布紊乱，基粒的大小，数目有异，②缺乏基质片层，③完全缺乏类囊体膜结构，在叶绿体类囊体膜结构退     

鉴定与水稻光敏核不育基因pms3连锁的AFLP-RFLP标记

运用 ＡＦＬＰ技术对农垦 ５８Ｓ×１５１４的 Ｆ２代群体构建的极端集团进行了分析,在 ２５３对ＡＦＬＰ引物中,９１％具有多态性带,有２０对引物扩增到了阳性带．阳性带经克隆后用作ＲＦＬＰ探针进行极端集团分析,其中４个具有多态性带．２个（Ｆ３和Ｖ４）表现为阳性带．Ｆ２代不育群体ＲＦＬＰ分析结果显示,Ｆ３和Ｖ４两个标记与第１２染色体上的光敏核不育基因ｐｍｓ３连锁．通过极大似然法估算,Ｆ３和Ｖ４标记距光敏核不育基因ｐｍｓ３的遗传距离分别为５.８０ｃＭ和７．７５ ｃＭ．     

水稻光温敏核不育系不育性表达的同步性研究

以农垦５８Ｓ、７００１Ｓ、５０４７Ｓ、Ｗ６１５４Ｓ、ＫＳ－９、培矮６４Ｓ、安农－１Ｓ和５４６０Ｓ８个不同类型的水稻光温敏核不育为材料，在广州盛夏７月－８月份对各不育系的不育性表达进行了系统的比较研究，并对生转换的同步性进行了观察。结果表明，不育性表达的同步性以安农－１Ｓ和７００１Ｓ较好，各体不育怀整齐，其他６个不育系的不育性表达的同步性较差，株间、株内穗间颖花间的花粉育性差异显著或极显著。连续单株     

光照、氮源对光敏核不育水稻生长的影响

报道不同光照强度，氮源对光敏核不育水稻生长量及叶片，根部GS活性的影响，研究表明：随着光照强度的增大，光敏核不育水稻根和叶的生长量，可溶性蛋白质的含量及GS活性均随之提高，这提示光照促进了其根和叶中编码GS的基因的表达，导致GS活性的提高，与此相似，氮源亦能促进光敏核不育水稻根和叶中可溶性蛋白质的合成及GS活性的提高，表明氮源同样具有促进其根和叶中编码GS的基因的表达的作用。     

光敏感核不育水稻单倍体组织培养及再生植株遗传特性…

以湖北光敏感核不育水稻农垦５８Ｓ为材料，取在长日照和短日照条件下生长的植株的花药进行培养，均有效地获得了花粉单倍体植株，该单倍体植株幼穗离体培养脱分化容易，再分化能力强，对不同培养基的反应规律同原二倍体植株幼穗离体培养基本一致，单倍体愈伤组织细胞倍性很不稳定，易自发加倍成二倍体；结合秋水仙碱处理，已获得了加倍的二倍体再生植株，这些二倍体再生植株的种子后代纯合，群体性状整齐，保持了原农垦５８Ｓ在长日     

水稻光温敏核不育系不育性表达的同步性研究

以农垦５８Ｓ、７００１Ｓ、５０４７Ｓ、Ｗ６１５４Ｓ、ＫＳ９、培矮６４Ｓ、安农１Ｓ和５４６０Ｓ８个不同类型的水稻光温敏核不育系为材料，在广州（２３°０８′Ｎ）盛夏７月～８月份对各不育系的不育性表达进行了系统的比较研究，并对育性转换的同步性进行了观察。结果表明，不育性表达的同步性以安农１Ｓ和７００１Ｓ较好，群体不育性整齐，其他６个不育系的不育性表达的同步性较差，株间、株内穗间、穗内颖花间的花粉育性差异显著或极显著。连续单株套袋对降低株间、株内颖花间的花粉育性差异效果不大。遗传纯合的不育系单株间、株内颖花间的育性转换是不完全同步的。不育同步性可作为评价光温敏核不育系优劣的一个重要指标     

osRACD基因表达与光敏核不育水稻光周期育性转换的相关性

为检测水稻低分子量GTP结合蛋白编码基因osRACD与光敏核不育水稻农垦58S光周期育性转换的相关性,用农杆菌介导转化和潮霉素抗性筛选获得了大量的转基因水稻植株.通过PCR、Southern杂交、RT-PCR和Northern检测等,证明反义osRACD基因和正义osRACD基因均已分别在转基因农垦58N和58S水稻植株的幼穗中得到了稳定的表达.成熟转基因植株的自交结实率统计分析表明,反义osRACD基因的表达大大降低了转基因58N水稻植株的育性,其平均结实率明显低于对照植株;而正义osRACD基因在转基因58S水稻植株的幼穗中表达后,使得长日下生长的、本来不育的58S植株的育性得到一定程度上的恢复,有的植株的结实率还高于短日下生长的对照植株;而且,osRACD基因表达水平越高的转基因58S植株,其对应的结实率也越高.降低幼穗中内源osRACD基因的表达水平会导致转基因58N水稻植株的育性降低,恢复长日下生长的转基因58S水稻植株幼穗中osRACD基因的表达,则可恢复其育性.这表明,osRACD基因的表达参与了农垦58S光周期育性转换的调控过程.这是第一个报道的参与光信号传导与光敏核不育水稻光周期育性调控的低分子量GTP结合蛋白的编码基因.     

Isolation of cDNA fragment of fertility-related gene in photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile rice

The photoperiod_sensitive genic male sterile rice (PGMR) is particularly useful to take advantage of heterosis in rice. mRNA differential display was used to isolate the fertility_relative genes in rice. After establishing an optimized mRNA differential display system, one of the differential cDNA fragments that maybe related to the development and maturation of rice panicle was cloned from a PGMR Nongken 58S.     

不同光质对黄瓜离体根形态建成的影响

报道了不同光质对黄瓜离体根的生长及对叶绿素合成的影响。结果表明：与黑暗相对照,光照都抑制离体根的生长,其中以白光的抑制作用最强,其次为蓝光和红光;而对叶绿素的合成,不同光质都表现有促进作用,且白光表现最为明显,其次是蓝光和红光,黑暗中离体根无叶绿素合成。     

Biochemical characterization of the protein encoded by rice osRACD gene

A recombinant plasmid pET-racd was first constructed by cloning osRACD,the development-regulating gene that controls photoperiod fertility transformation in the photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice Nongken 58S,into a prokaryote expression vector pET28a(+).It was then transformed into E.Coli BL-21.Cutting with thrombin of the fusion protein extracted from transformants and PAGE separation yielded pure osRACD protein,which was further concentrated using ultrafiltration and renatured using glutathione oxidation/reduction refolding system for later functional study.As demonstrated by in vitro functional assay,the osRACD protein expressed in E.Coli B-21 shows remarkable activity in binding GTP specifically and hydrolyzing it.     

Fertility analysis of the Arabidopsis transformed with antisense rice osRACD gene

The full length osRACD cDNA sequence was subcloned into the pBI121 plasmid in the antisense orientation under the control of the CaMV35S promoter to construct the expression vector pBID, and the constructs were introduced into Arabidopsis plants by using the vacuum infiltration method. The siliques of the transformants stopped growing after anthesis, and they turned yellow or died later; and the siliques from the control plants transformed by the pBI continued growing after anthesis and matured normally. In vitro pollen germination demonstrated that the growth and elongation process of the pollens of the transgenic plants was inhibited, the pollen tubes were shorter and slightly fatter than the tubes of the control plants, which grew normally with long cyclindrical tubes. The above results suggest the function of osRACD gene involved in regulation of the growth and elongation process of pollen tube, its encoding protein may be one of the important factors in regulation of fertility transition of the photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile rice Nongken 58S.     

Isolation ofosRACD gene encoding a small GTP-binding protein from rice

Using an improved version of mRNA differential display technology, we have obtained a differentially displayed fragment RDP-8. Homologous comparison indicated that the fragment RDP-8 has high homology with the gene encoding maize small GTP-binding protein. By screening cDNA library of the rice Nongken 58N pan icle using the newly obtained fragment RDP-8 as probe, we further found the full-length cDNA of osRACD gene that encodes a rice small GTP-binding protein. Asco mpared with maize RACD gene, the osRACD of rice shows remarkable homology in both nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence, 88% and 97% respectively. Evidence from RT-PCR study indicates that osRACD gene is related to photoperiod fertility conversion of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterility (PSGMS) rice.     

Phytochrome controlled, long-day photoperiod-inducible protein in rice leaves

A new protein in the leaves of NK58S and NK58 (Oryza sativa L. subsp.japonica), which can be induced by 10 d-long-day photoperiod (14 h lightid) and cannot be induced by 10 d-short-day photoperiod (10 h light/d), has been found by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The protein, whose molecular weight and isoelectric point are 36 ku and pH 5.2 respectively, is found to be controlled by phytochrome as shown by the experiment of red light induction-far red light reversion.The existence of this protein in both NK58S and NK58 reflects that some of the responses of NK58S and NK58 might be similar in response to long-day photoperiod, a mild stress.     

水稻光敏与温敏核不育基因之间互作效应与利用研究

选育不育期败育彻底、不育性稳定的光、温敏不育系是目前两系法杂交稻制种安全可靠的重要保证.本研究利用光敏不育系7001S与安全型温敏不育系广博S,广培S杂交,将农垦58S光敏不育基因与安农S温敏不育基因重组在一起.进行了重组体的不育性和不育稳定性研究.安农S核不育基因使得重组型光敏不育系的不育性变得非常稳定,不同来源的重组型光敏不育系互交杂种F2代光敏不育株率达70%以上,容易从中筛选到不育起点温度低的重组型光敏不育系.将光敏不育基因回交转移到广博S和广培S中,得到与广博S或广培S相似的重组型光敏不育系光广博S,光广培S,其不育起点温度提高.用光广博S(或光广培S)为父本与广博S(或广培S)杂交产生了不育起点温度极低的温敏不育F1代;用广博S与其重组型温敏不育近等基因系光温广博S杂交,其F1代不育起点温度也很低.研究表明,光敏不育基因与温敏不育基因重组,能够解决光敏不育系难获得和败育不彻底的问题;短日高温下,光敏不育性对温敏不育性表现上位作用;控制农垦58S不育类型不育起点温度表达的遗传因子与安农S不育类型的很可能不同,建立安全型温敏不育系的带有光敏不育基因的近等基因系(重组型光敏不育系或者重组型光温敏不育系),用其作为父本与安全型温敏不育系杂交,其F1代可代替安全型温敏不育系用于生产.