La掺杂对纳米TiO2薄膜晶体结构和光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶一凝胶法在玻璃表面制备La掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对其结构和形貌进行表征;通过对紫外光照射下亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解率评价其光催化性能;研究不同掺杂量、热处理温度以及pH值对La掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响,并对其光催化的影响机制进行探讨.研究结果表明:适量La掺杂能抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,引起晶格膨胀,导致晶格畸变;La掺杂使TiO2的吸收光谱发生红移,扩展TiO2的光谱吸收范围,有效地提高纳米TiO2薄膜的光催化性能,且光催化反应符合一级动力学方程:La掺杂量(摩尔分数)为0.5%的纳米TiO2薄膜在400℃热处理2 h后具有最大的光催化效率98.2%,其光催化效率比纯TiO2薄膜的光催化效率提高约40%.     

铂铬共掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了铂铬共掺杂纳米TiO2薄膜,并用AFM、XRD、UV-Vis等对薄膜进行了表征.实验结果表明,铂铬共掺杂TiO2薄膜粒径约为32 nm;厚度为290 nm左右时,薄膜对亚甲基蓝的降解率在2.5 h达到95%左右;共掺体系的最佳掺杂量为n(Cr)∶n(TiO2)=0.4%, n(Pt)∶n(TiO2)=0.03%, 此时TiO2薄膜对亚甲基蓝有良好的降解效果,优于同等条件下制备的纯TiO2薄膜和铂、铬单掺杂TiO2薄膜.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备非均匀铅离子掺杂TiO2薄膜

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在普通玻璃表面制备铅离子非均匀掺杂的TiO2薄膜,运用AFM,XRD,UV-Vis研究了其光催化复合薄膜的表面特征;以光催化降解甲基橙溶液为模型反应,表征薄膜的光催化活性.结果表明非均匀铅离子掺杂TiO2薄膜(PbDx)与均匀铅离子掺杂TiO2薄膜(PbTx)的最佳掺杂Pb/Ti摩尔比均为0.005,PbD0005、PbT0005的最佳降解表观速率常数分别为7.37×10-3min-1 和5.95×10-3min-1,PbD0.005的表观降解速率常数是纯TiO2的2.52倍.文中还从载流子分离效率等方面探讨了掺杂机理.     

稀土离子(Sm~(3+),La~(3+))掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯和稀土氧化物Sm2O3、La2O3为原料,分别制备了掺杂稀土离子Sm2+和La3+的纳米TiO2光催化剂,分别进行了两种离子掺杂纳米材料在甲基橙溶液中的光催化降解实验,通过对制备条件优化,研究了光降解条件对降解效果的影响.结果表明:La2+掺杂纳米TiO2材料的光催化活性要优于Sm3+掺杂纳米TiO2材料.     

Y~(3+)和Eu~(3+)离子共掺杂TiO_2纳米材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、BET、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、UV-Vis漫反射和荧光光谱分析等对样品的微观结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明:Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂比Eu3+或Y3+单组分掺杂更能有效地抑制TiO2纳米晶体的晶型转变,提高其比表面积;UV-Vis漫反射曲线均有一定的蓝移现象;Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂TiO2纳米体系中均能得到Eu3+特征发射光谱;以少量Y3+替代Eu3+时,Eu3+发光性能变得更强.以甲基蓝溶液为目标污染物,考察了Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂TiO2纳米粉体的光催化活性.结果表明,Eu3+和Y3+双稀土离子共掺杂比单组分掺杂更能有效地提高TiO2纳米粉体的光催化活性,并且Eu3+和Y3+稀土离子的最佳掺杂配比为1:4.     

掺杂锡离子对纳米二氧化钛薄膜光催化性能的影响

采用溶胶一凝胶法在玻璃上制备了透明锐钛矿型纳米TiO2薄膜和金属锡离子掺杂的锐钛矿与金红石混晶型纳米TiO2薄膜,并利用 X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、紫外一可见分光光度计对合成的薄膜进行表征.研究了掺杂锡离子对TiO2薄膜吸收光谱及光催化活性的影响,结果表明掺杂锡离子使得TiO2薄膜对入射光的吸收带边发生红移;适量掺杂锡离子能够显著的提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性.并探讨了镀膜层数对薄膜光催化活性的影响,发现对于掺杂不同浓度锡离子的TiO2薄膜均有其对应的最佳膜层数.     

Ag/TiO2薄膜光催化性能的研究

用含有AgNO3的复合溶胶凝胶制备Ag/TiO2薄膜,然后对其进行了SEM,XRD,RBS研究,以甲基橙为反应物检验了含有不同n(Ag)/n(Ti)的Ag/TiO2薄膜在365nm紫外光作用下的光催化降解效率.具有最佳光催化降解效率的是溶胶中n(Ag)/n(Ti)=0.064的Ag/TiO2薄膜,与未掺银TiO2薄膜相比,效率提高了73%.     

磁性离子掺杂对TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶-浸渍法在镍片表面制备了磁性离子掺杂改性的TiO2薄膜.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构及表面形貌进行表征,并通过碱性染料罗丹明B的光降解实验评价了其光催化活性.结果表明:Fe3 、Ni2 对TiO2薄膜的光催化活性起促进作用,其最佳掺杂量分别为0.2%和0.5%,罗丹明B的在2 h内的降解率分别提高了27%和7%,而Co2 掺杂引起催化剂失活.XRD结果表明,掺杂磁性离子的TiO2经450 ℃煅烧2 h后均为锐钛矿相,适量金属离子的掺杂使TiO2的粒径减小.     

La~(3+)-Yb~(3+)/TiO_2纳米功能材料光催化性能的研究

采用超声波震荡法合成了不同La3+、Yb3+掺杂量、不同焙烧温度的La3+-Yb3+/TiO2纳米光催化剂,并对所制得的样品进行了SEM、XRD、FT-IR表征;以碱性品红为目标降解物测试了样品的光催化性能.结果表明:所制样品为纳米级粉体,稀土元素La3+、Yb3+掺杂能细化晶粒,使样品表面积增大,提供更多活性位,提高了样品的催化活性;样品晶型为锐钛矿相TiO2,稀土元素La3+、Yb3+掺杂能抑制金红石相生成,提高样品的热稳定性;随着稀土元素La3+、Yb3+掺杂量的增加,纳米TiO2表面将吸附更多的羟基,羟基具有很高的氧化性,能降解有机物,提高样品的催化性能;光催化实验表明,在500℃焙烧,当n(La3+-Yb3+)∶n(TiO2)=5%时,光催化性能最好,催化剂用量为0.15g/150mL加入1mL氧化剂30%双氧水,在无灯源照射、常温常压不需通氧的条件下,降解浓度为10mg/L碱性品红溶液50min时,降解率达到98.7%.     

稀土离子La~(3+)修饰纳米TiO_(2-x)F_x光催化性能

以四氯化钛、硝酸镧、硫脲、氟化铵、氨水等为主要实验药品,采用常温络合-控制水解法制备具有可见光催化活性的La离子修饰纳米TiO2-xFx光触媒乳液.使用XRD、UV-Vis、纳米激光粒度分析仪等表征了样品的物相、粒径、组成、光吸收等性质.在光照下,考察了La修饰纳米TiO2-xFx光触媒乳液降解酸性红3R的光催化性能.结果表明,当La掺杂物质的量浓度为0.1%,F掺杂物质的量浓度为0.3%,体系pH值为6,回流时间为15min时,样品乳液对酸性红3R染料的降解率达到95%以上.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.