油层出砂预测模型研究

分析了裸眼完成井和射孔完成井的油层出砂机理 ,以线弹性理论为基础 ,同时考虑垂直井眼围岩应力场对射孔孔道稳定性的影响 ,建立了一种新的射孔完井临界出砂模型 ,并编制了出砂预测系统的设计软件。在辽河油田现场应用的实例表明 ,该模型的预测结果与现场工程实践中已有的油井出砂经验预测模型相吻合。     

高含水期射孔井出砂预测模型的建立及应用

对取心井测井数据和岩心三轴试验岩石强度数据进行了分析，得到了油层砂岩强度与声波时差和井深的回归关系式，这一关系式可用于胜坨油田及其周边油区岩石强度的计算。以岩石破坏准则为基础，运用岩石力学理论和分析方法，考虑到射孔孔眼周围岩石应力场对孔道稳定性的影响，建立了射孔完井临界出砂预测模型。预测结果表明，油层砂岩岩石强度是影响油井出砂的重要因素；弱胶结岩石在较低的流速下会有出砂现象，而胶结强度高的砂岩在较高的流速下也不容易出砂。胜坨油田高含水期出砂与含水量上升有密切关系，这主要是因为含水量上升破坏了产层胶结结构，降低了岩石强度。利用孔道出砂预测模型进行计算，得到了预防出砂的临界生产压差和临界产量。该模型预测的结果可用于：①判断新井投产、老井补孔等新投产层位的出砂，并根据预测结果确定合理的防砂措施，优化生产参数；②判断目前生产层位出砂状况，确定多层生产井的出砂层位，调整生产参数及控制地层出砂程度。对胜坨油田3个不同区块的生产井进行了计算，其计算结果对该油田高含水期开发方案的设计有指导作用。目前该方法已在胜坨油田现场应用122井次，出砂预测的准确率大于82％。     

“胜坨油田特高含水期地层出砂规律及防砂治砂技术研究”通过鉴定

由石油大学(华东 )博士生导师李兆敏教授主持完成的“胜坨油田特高含水期地层出砂规律及防砂治砂技术研究”近日通过了由山东省科技厅组织的专家鉴定。鉴定委员会一致认为该项研究成果达到了国际先进水平。科研人员针对弱胶结砂岩高含水开发期储层易出砂并且严重影响生产的实际情况 ,对胜坨油田特高含水期地层出砂规律预测进行了研究 ,建立了球形、圆柱形两种方式的射孔孔道模型 ;应用岩石破坏准则研究了井眼围岩应力场对射孔孔道稳定性的影响 ,确定了射孔完井方式下油井出砂的临界生产压差和临界产量 ;对胜坨油田 1 9块岩样试验 ,得到了岩…     

出砂井射孔套管变形分析及射孔参数优化

针对出砂井因上覆地层沉降与射孔段地层空洞而导致的射孔套管变形问题,采用有限元分析软件,建立考虑上覆地层位移与出砂空洞的射孔套管变形分析模型,采用经典Lame公式验证模型的正确性,分析射孔孔眼密度、孔径和射孔相位角对射孔套管变形的影响.结果表明:出砂井射孔套管在轴向载荷作用下的变形不同于在径向挤压作用下的变形,微小的上覆...     

高含水期射孔井出砂预测模型的建立及应用

对取心井测井数据和岩心三轴试验岩石强度数据进行了分析 ,得到了油层砂岩强度与声波时差和井深的回归关系式 ,这一关系式可用于胜坨油田及其周边油区岩石强度的计算。以岩石破坏准则为基础 ,运用岩石力学理论和分析方法 ,考虑到射孔孔眼周围岩石应力场对孔道稳定性的影响 ,建立了射孔完井临界出砂预测模型。预测结果表明 ,油层砂岩岩石强度是影响油井出砂的重要因素 ;弱胶结岩石在较低的流速下会有出砂现象 ,而胶结强度高的砂岩在较高的流速下也不容易出砂。胜坨油田高含水期出砂与含水量上升有密切关系 ,这主要是因为含水量上升破坏了产层胶结结构 ,降低了岩石强度。利用孔道出砂预测模型进行计算 ,得到了预防出砂的临界生产压差和临界产量。该模型预测的结果可用于 :①判断新井投产、老井补孔等新投产层位的出砂 ,并根据预测结果确定合理的防砂措施 ,优化生产参数 ;②判断目前生产层位出砂状况 ,确定多层生产井的出砂层位 ,调整生产参数及控制地层出砂程度。对胜坨油田 3个不同区块的生产井进行了计算 ,其计算结果对该油田高含水期开发方案的设计有指导作用。目前该方法已在胜坨油田现场应用 12 2井次 ,出砂预测的准确率大于 82 %。     

防砂井的合理完井方式

防砂工艺和效果与完井方式有密切的关系，提出并分析了四种完井方式．在条件允许的情况下，采用裸眼砾石充填进行先期防砂完井，可以获得较好的油、气流通能力和较厚的砾石层，可下入大直径的滤砂管，这种完井方法有利于防砂．对于用射孔方式完成的井，如果预测有出砂倾向，则应采用大直径套管作为生产套管，以高密度射出大直径的孔．对于胶结差的疏松产层则建议采用渗透性人工井壁完井．     

垂直井砾石充填防砂最小排量的确定方法

将水平管中清水及低粘液体携砂时的临界流速公式用于计算垂直井砾石充填防砂的最小排量，研究了垂直井低粘液体及清水携砂液临界流速计算公式的特点及应用条件，分析了射孔孔眼临界流速及防砂井最小排量的影响因素，并利用现场数据计算了防砂井最小排量。结果表明，射孔孔眼直径及携砂比增加时，临界流速增加；射孔密度、射开厚度、孔眼直径及临界流速增加时，砾石充填最小排量也增加。提出的临界．流速计算方弦可用于现场施工排量的设计，携砂液初始排量接近或高于临界排量是保证防砂成功并获得较长有效期的根本条件。     

防砂井的合理完井方式

防砂工艺和效果与完井方式有密切的关系。提出并分析了四种完井方式。在条件允许的情况下，采用裸眼砾石充填进行先期防砂完井，可以获得较好的油、气流通能力和较厚的砾石层，可下入大直径的滤砂管，这种完井方法有利于防砂，对于用射孔方式完成的井，如果预测有出砂倾向，则应采用大直径套管作为生产套管，以高密度射出大直径的孔。对于胶结差的疏松产层则建议采用渗透生人工井壁完井。     

裸眼完井出砂预测模型研究

油田开采到中后期，疏松砂岩油藏的出砂问题已成为影响油井产能和损害设备的严重问题。为了研究裸眼完井的出砂机理，根据岩石力学及弹塑性力学理论，对直井井壁围岩应力分布进行了分析计算，采用Mohr—Coulom准则及复变函数方法建立了非均匀地应力作用下油井出砂的解析模型。利用该模型和已知的出砂判别准则即可确定油井的出砂现状。在中原油田现场的应用实例表明，该模型预测结果与现场工程实践中已有的油井出砂经验预测模型相吻合。     

套损井防砂工艺技术

针对吐哈油田套损井出砂严重、常规防砂方法无法解决套损井防砂难题,开展了套损出砂高强度筛管防砂技术、裸眼地层深部防砂技术、复合射孔防砂技术研究,形成了比较完整的套损井修复防砂工艺技术,并在现场进行了推广应用,有效地解决了套损井防砂难题。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.