高喷煤比时高炉炉尘灰中含碳物质研究

测定了高喷煤比的高炉炉尘(重力灰和瓦斯灰)中矿物组成,给出了在不同煤比条件下未消耗焦炭和煤粉面积比.分析了高喷煤比对高炉炉尘中碳质量分数和未消耗煤粉比例的影响.确定了宝钢高炉在高喷煤比时高炉炉尘中未消耗煤粉量、焦炭颗粒量和煤粉在高炉内的利用率.通过试验发现,随着喷煤比增加,炉尘量增加,但在高喷煤比后,炉尘量波动较大.高炉炉尘中未消耗碳量和煤粉量随着喷煤比的增加逐渐增加,而未消耗焦炭量不受喷煤比变化的影响,基本上保持在3 kg.t-1的水平,表明宝钢高炉焦炭品质很高.     

高炉喷吹常村贫煤时煤粉的利用率

根据岩相显微分析和化学分析的结果,计算了宝钢1#高炉在进行常村贫煤工业实验时炉尘中未消耗煤粉中的含碳量,确定了常村煤的加入量在20%～40%的条件下炉尘中的含碳量和未消耗煤粉含碳量.给出了宝钢高炉在不同喷煤条件下煤粉在高炉内的利用率.     

高炉喷煤过程中未燃煤粉分析

通过测定邯钢高炉喷吹煤种的燃烧率,分析了邯钢高炉喷煤利用现状.测定了高炉除尘灰中的碳含量,利用岩相测试技术分析了除尘灰中未燃煤粉和焦炭存在的不同结构形态,并确定了高炉除尘灰中含碳物质的来源.结果表明,邯钢高炉除尘灰中的碳元素含量都比较高.炉尘中的未燃煤粉颗粒可分成微变原煤颗粒、气孔原煤颗粒和残碳颗粒;焦炭颗粒可分成类丝碳、粒状镶嵌结构、流动结构、片状结构、块状结构.结合邯钢高炉目前配煤情况,给出了提高邯钢煤粉燃烧率的有效建议,邯钢高炉混合喷吹的首选用煤为长治煤与大湾煤.     

铁矿煤球团内生还原气生产DRI工艺及估算

在高炉热风炉中用高炉煤气、垃圾制燃气、低热值煤气加热循环还原气,或用红焦、热DRI(直接还原铁)等热量加热循环还原气至1100℃,输入还原竖炉加热铁矿煤球团,生产DRI,从炉顶气中回收硫和CO2,炉顶气净化后作为还原气循环使用.球团内煤干馏形成的半焦、焦炭起到了与高炉内焦炭不同的骨架作用.利用还原反应后气体余热来预热和干馏球团,利用铁精矿粉和煤粉的高比表面积,利用煤的干馏气化促进低温下碳的一次气化反应和直接还原反应,使DRI煤耗进一步降低.设炉顶气温度降到150℃,配煤218kg,高炉煤气消耗约947m3时,工艺能耗约333kg/t煤.比高炉工艺节能约52%,减排CO2约83%.比MIDREX节能约84kg标准煤.该工艺简称为DRI-NHQ.     

软熔带类型对高炉内未燃煤粉分布影响的数值模拟

为了改善高炉炉况、降低未燃煤粉对高炉的负面影响,利用“Euler-Euler”法对高炉内未燃煤粉的堆积分布进行了数值模拟.考察了倒V型、V型和W型软熔带高炉内的未燃煤粉分布,以及软熔带形状对未燃煤粉分布的影响,并比较了三种软熔带高炉堆积未燃煤粉量的多寡和高炉各区域未燃煤粉堆积量.计算结果表明:未燃煤粉主要堆积在高炉软熔带下方;死料柱、风口回旋区下方、软熔区域、软熔带顶部和根部是未燃煤粉容易堆积的区域.W型软熔带是最佳的高炉操作模式,具体表现在:未燃煤粉在高炉内分布相对均匀; 在一定压差条件下可容纳较多煤粉.     

高炉圆周方向焦炭非均-消耗条件下固体流研究

利用三维离散元法对5000m3高炉圆周方向风口回旋区焦炭非均一消耗条件下,炉内固体炉料的速度、应力分布以及炉墙和炉底的受力情况进行了分析.结果发现,炉口料面料层结构、炉料速度和应力以及炉墙炉底受力呈非对称性分布,死焦堆增高,且在其表面存在狭长的滑动粒子带.     

高炉炉缸凝铁层物相分析

在高炉炉缸破损调研的基础上对高炉炉缸耐火材料热面凝铁层进行取样,利用扫描电子显微镜、物相分析等分析手段揭示了凝铁层的物相组成,并运用Thermol-calc热力学计算软件结合TCFE8数据库对铁水中石墨碳的析出温度及析出相分数进行了计算,最后揭示了炉缸凝铁层物相的形成机理.结果表明,高炉炉缸凝铁层主要由Fe相和石墨碳相交替分布组成,铁水成分对石墨碳析出温度影响较大,石墨碳析出温度远高于铁水凝固温度,铁水中C、Si元素含量对石墨碳析出相分数影响较大,而石墨碳析出相可增大铁水黏度11.9%.凝铁层中石墨碳的析出主要是由于Fe-耐火材料界面温度低于石墨碳析出温度,使得铁水中C不断向耐火材料热面迁移,进而形成Fe-C交替的分层结构.     

高炉炉缸炉底温度场和应力场模拟分析

为进一步研究高炉炉缸炉底在生产过程中的侵蚀成因,对某企业2 580 m3高炉建立二维传热模型,运用软件求解得到该高炉开炉初期和炉役末期的炉缸炉底温度场分布;对侧壁碳砖进行温度场求解并与应力场耦合得到其径向热应力分布。结果表明,该企业高炉"陶瓷杯+微孔炭砖"型复合炉缸炉底结构设计合理,死铁层的长期热应力作用导致侧壁炭砖发生崩角并加速形成环裂,是炉缸破损的主要原因之一。     

粒煤喷吹技术在1880m^3高炉的应用

本文研究了粒煤喷吹技术在1880m3高炉的应用。在我国,粒煤喷吹是现代高炉喷煤的一项新技术,同粉煤相比它具有工艺设备简单,投资少、效益高,应用前景广阔等优点。首先：粒煤喷吹对煤种的适应性强,特别适合烟煤,而且安全性较粉煤高,我国烟煤资源非常丰富且分布广泛、价格低廉;其次：采用粒煤喷吹技术在促进焦比降低的同时,还可以大幅度提高高炉生产率,这是因为粒煤在风口燃烧过程中对炉缸焦炭强度起到了一定的保护作用,从而使高炉炉况得到进一步改善,促进了高炉的稳定顺行。粒煤的制备是为高炉喷煤准备的,首先要满足高炉喷吹粒煤对煤粉的质量要求;其次要考虑为煤粉的顺利喷呔创造条件。本文对粒煤制备及喷吹环节目前存在的主要问题及处理措施进行了叙述,同时对粒煤在大中型高炉的应用前景进行了预测。     

煤焦膨胀特性与残灰颗粒物的形成

研究了煤焦的膨胀特性及其对1~5μm残灰颗粒物生成的影响.将一种烟煤筛分为小于63μm,[63~100)μm和[100~200)μm三种粒径,并在实验室沉降炉中进行了热解和燃烧实验,反应温度分别为1 373 K,1 523 K和1 673 K.利用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电子显微镜等对热解和燃烧产物进行了分析.研究结果表明,该种烟煤由于含有较高的镜质组成分,在热解过程中表现出明显的膨胀特性,而且煤粉粒径越小,其镜质组含量越高,因此在热解过程中膨胀越厉害,形成的煤胞型颗粒越多.膨胀厉害的煤焦在燃烧过程中很容易发生破碎,形成更多的1~5μm残灰颗粒物.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with