主/被动雷达模糊自适应IMM融合跟踪算法

在主/被动雷达复合制导背景下,提出一种基于模糊自适应交互多模型(IMM)的分布式融合算法。该算法将交互多模型和模糊推理的优点相结合,通过模糊推理机制在线调节模型集合中部分模型的参数,使这些模型对不同的目标机动模式有更强的自适应能力。避免了传统交互多模型算法的模型冲突问题,大大减少了计算量。数字仿真结果表明了算法的有效性。     

自适应模型集交互式多模型算法

针对交互式多模型(IMM)算法的目标跟踪精度问题,提出了一种自适应模型集IMM算法.利用IMM算法中的模型概率含义,并以此对模型集的收缩比例因子进行设计,这样模型集通过向中心模型收敛可完成自适应调整,而自适应调整过程能有效、实时地利用观测信息.仿真实验结果表明,所提算法能有效跟踪机动目标,而且比IMM算法的跟踪精度更高,但其受到目标机动模型的先验性的限制.     

一种基于模型概率修正的IMM目标跟踪算法

在IMM算法的基础上,提出了一种新的机动目标跟踪FIMM算法.该算法使用中值滤波对IMM算法模型更新概率进行平滑,再对其利用模糊推理系统进行实时修正,将修正后的概率作为最后输出的权值,让有用模型概率增大,减少了模型之间的竞争,提高跟踪精度.仿真实验表明,提出的FIMM算法显著提高了IMM算法的跟踪性能.     

引入多速率模型的变结构机动目标跟踪

变结构多模型方法(VSMM)能够根据目标机动的实际情况实时确定结构不断变化的模型集合,取代传统IMM方法中的固定模型集.使参与状态估计的模型分布更集中,模型数量相对较少,从而提高算法的跟踪精度.多速率模型(Multirate)能够对原始测量数据进行多分辨分解,有效的抑制量测噪声,从而提高原始数据的信噪比.文章将多速率模型引入变结构多模型方法,提出一种新的机动目标跟踪算法多速率变结构多模型方法(MRVSMM),该方法分别从改善原始数据与改善模型集合两方面对传统IMM方法进行了突破.同时,采用多个多速率模型,并将多个模型的滤波结果相互交织实现对机动目标的全速率跟踪.仿真实验证明,该算法较传统的IMM方法跟踪精度得到了一定程度的提高.     

IMM算法在车辆机动目标跟踪中的应用

针对高速公路车辆的机动目标跟踪问题,采用交互多模型算法(IMM)中的2个模型分别表示车辆的匀速运动状态和匀加速运动状态,并结合目标运动模型对目标当前加速度和其方差进行蒙特卡洛仿真.仿真结果表明该算法不仅可以在匀速运动时将关键测量噪声减低,而且在机动模型中保证状态估计量比未滤波的雷达测量值精确,同时可以对运动模型进行准确的识别,从而改善路面机动目标的跟踪性能,提高车辆的安全性和可靠性.因此,交互多模型算法可以满足高速车辆机动目标跟踪的要求.     

基于模糊逻辑和机动检测的AGIMM跟踪算法

针对机动目标高机动和多阶段运动的特性,单模型跟踪算法难以实现精确跟踪的问题,提出一种基于模糊逻辑和机动检测的AGIMM跟踪算法。考虑现有的AGIMM算法网格模型收敛速度慢和机动检测方法过于依赖模型后验概率的问题,首先引入模糊逻辑算法计算机动检测的可信度,然后利用机动检测可信度信息、目标的机动信息和模型的后验概率调整跟踪模型集的结构,克服了AGIMM算法模型收敛速度慢的不足,实现了模型与目标运动模式的快速匹配。仿真结果表明:与AGIMM算法和固定结构交互式多模型算法相比,文中提出的算法使得不同条件下的位置跟踪误差分别至少降低5.6%和15.1%,说明该算法具有更快的模型收敛速度和更高的目标跟踪精度。     

基于多模型与滚动时域估计的机动目标跟踪算法

针对受限于已知物理约束的机动目标,提出了一种目标跟踪算法。针对机动目标的不同运动模式,采用多模型组合的方法进行了近似;针对目标的已知物理约束,采用滚动时域估计方法进行处理,并将其作为状态估计的先验信息来提高估计精度;最终通过设计多模型结构的状态估计演化方程、改进滚动时域估计的误差协方差矩阵更新公式,给出了一种多模型结构与滚动时域估计相结合的机动目标跟踪算法。仿真结果表明:该算法与自适应卡尔曼滤波(AKF)、交互式多模型(IMM)算法相比,可以对具有物理约束的机动目标进行更好的跟踪。     

模糊数据融合在目标跟踪中的应用

在目标跟踪滤波算法的基础上,提出利用模糊理论进行数据融合的算法。应用模糊理论,对双传感器的滤波数据进行特征提取,并在一定的隶属函数和模糊规则下对其进行模糊推理,得到随目标机动情况自动调节加速度方差的系数调节值,使之保持对目标机动的快速响应。分析中采用蒙特卡洛仿真方法,对融合前后的滤波结果进行比较。模糊数据融合利用领域专家总结的相关知识,将融合结果反馈给单传器,以提高各单传感器的跟踪精度。     

引入模糊推理与强跟踪滤波技术的变结构多模型估计

针对固定结构多模型方法(FSMM)应用于机动目标跟踪时滤波精度不高的问题,提出了一种模糊混合网格变结构多模型方法(FHGMM).FHGMM中的全体模型集由模糊基础模型网格(FBMG)和模糊修正模型网格(FAMG)组成.在此框架下,首先利用模糊推理技术对FBMG的拓扑结构进行实时调整,然后将模糊强跟踪滤波方法应用于FAMG区域中心的更新,并实时生成能够在系统模式空间自由滑动的FAMG,最后利用最优融合原理得到系统的整体估计.仿真结果表明,FHGMM与FSMM相比,目标位置、速度、加速度的滤波误差均值分别从5.5 m、1.037 m/s、0.187 m/s2减小到5.15 m、0.96 m/s、0.13 m/s2,算法单拍时间从0.02 s增加到0.037 s.     

基于时变马尔科夫转移概率的机动目标多模型跟踪

为了消除机动目标多模型跟踪中人为因素对跟踪精度的影响，提出了一种新的基于时变马尔科夫转移概率的机动目标多模型跟踪算法．该算法通过对Baum辅助函数的最大化实现隐马尔科夫模型状态转移概率的参数估计，并将估计结果用于交互式多模型算法的设计中，构造出时变马尔科夫状态转移概率的交互式多模型算法，有效地降低了人为因素对机动目标跟踪精度的影响．通过对一个机动目标的跟踪对比，说明了该算法比传统的交互式多模型算法具有更小的跟踪误差和良好的模型跟踪概率．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…