锰基催化剂催化臭氧氧化有机污染物研究

为制备连续流条件下具有高活性和稳定性的臭氧氧化催化剂,采用氧化还原沉淀法制备了锰基负载型催化剂(Mn-CeOx/γ-Al2O3、Mn-FeOx/γ-Al2O3、Mn-CoOx/γ-Al2O3),对其进行表征分析,考察催化剂在苯酚降解过程中的催化活性和稳定性,探究催化臭氧氧化反应机理.结果表明:连续流中n(Mn)/n(Ce)为2:1的Mn-CeOx/γ-Al2O3在催化臭氧氧化降解苯酚时催化活性最佳,TOC去除率达到80.2％,水力停留时间3.3 min、气相臭氧浓度10.3 mg·L-1、溶液初始pH 9为最佳反应条件.经过6次重复实验后苯酚的TOC去除率仍高达79.6％,溶液中活性组分溶出量几乎可以忽略不计.Mn-CeOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂在催化臭氧氧化降解草酸、对硝基酚的过程中也表现出较高的矿化效率,T OC去除率在77％ ～83％,该催化剂具有广谱适用性.电子顺磁共振波谱证明催化臭氧氧化反应体系中产生的活性氧物种为瞯OH,Ce的引入有利于提高Mn-CeOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂中Mn4+与晶格氧的含量.     

Ce-MCM-41分子筛催化臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸

采用水热法合成铈掺杂MCM-41（Ce-MCM-41）介孔分子筛,并将其用于臭氧氧化水中腐殖酸.本文研究了催化剂投加量、铈掺杂量、反应温度和初始pH对腐殖酸降解及矿化的影响. 结果表明,腐殖酸在Ce-MCM-41/O3体系内可实现有效降解. 与单独臭氧氧化相比,Ce-MCM-41催化剂的加入可提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸的矿化效果. 催化剂投加量为100 mg/L时,催化剂具有较好的催化活性,反应60min,DOC去除率为70.58%（Si/Ce=80）;三种铈掺杂量催化剂的添加均能提高腐殖酸矿化效果. 在278 ~308 K实验范围内,腐殖酸溶液的DOC去除率和UV254去除率均随反应温度升高而提高.溶液初始pH为6.0~8.5时,DOC去除率随碱性增强而略微下降. 表明温度和溶液初始pH影响催化臭氧氧化去除腐殖酸的效果. 此外,还考察了添加Ce-MCM-41对含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐生成的影响,与单独臭氧相比,1.00 g Ce-MCM-41分子筛的加入减少了46.94%溴酸盐生成. 结果表明添加Ce-MCM-41分子筛可抑制溴酸盐的生成. 因此Ce-MCM-41分子筛可用于提高臭氧氧化腐殖酸效果和减少含溴水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成.     

微气泡臭氧氧化处理酸性大红3R废水的影响因素

为了研究微气泡臭氧氧化技术处理废水的影响因素,采用微气泡臭氧氧化技术处理酸性大红3R废水,考察臭氧投加量、酸性大红3R废水初始浓度和投加活性炭对微气泡臭氧氧化过程中脱色率、TOC去除率、pH值以及臭氧利用率的影响。结果表明,提高臭氧投加量或降低酸性大红3R废水的初始浓度,酸性大红3R废水的脱色速率和TOC去除速率均有所上升,但臭氧利用率下降。煤质活性炭对微气泡臭氧氧化具有较强的催化活性,能够显著提高酸性大红3R废水的脱色速率和TOC去除速率。臭氧投加量为48.3 mg/min、酸性大红3R废水的初始质量浓度为100mg/L时,处理效果较好。此条件下,处理30min时脱色率达到100%,处理120min时TOC去除率达到78.0%,TOC去除表观反应速率常数为0.015min~(-1),臭氧利用率始终高于99%。而投加5g/L煤质活性炭后,处理15 min后脱色率达到100%,处理120 min时TOC去除率可达到91.2%,TOC去除表观反应速率常数提高至0.037min~(-1)。处理过程中出现中间产物小分子有机酸的积累并继续氧化降解,使得废水的pH值呈现先下降后升高的趋势。可见,对微气泡臭氧氧化影响因素进行优化,可提高污染物去除速率及臭氧利用率,显著改善处理性能。     

活性炭负载Fe_2O_3催化臭氧降解丁香酚

应用制备的活性炭(AC)负载活性组分催化剂催化臭氧处理丁香酚模拟废水,通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面积分析仪对制备的催化剂特性进行表征,考察了AC负载活性组分的种类和初始pH值、负载量、催化剂加入量对催化臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)(重铬酸盐指数)去除效果的影响,并对降解过程中COD_(Cr)的去除反应动力学进行研究.结果表明:AC表面成功负载了活性组分Fe_2O_3、CuO/Cu_2O、CeO_2、NiO,制备的催化剂(Fe/AC、Cu/AC、Ce/AC、Ni/AC)具有明显的催化活性,显著提高了臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的去除效果,催化活性从大到小依次为Fe/ACCe/AC Cu/AC Ni/AC;制备的Fe/AC具有最高的催化活性,在pH值为11、负载量为3%、Fe/AC加入量为0.3g/L条件下,反应60 min后COD_(Cr)去除率达到88. 90%,分别比AC催化臭氧处理和单独臭氧处理提高了21. 13%和29. 95%.动力学分析表明,臭氧氧化、AC、Fe/AC、Ce/AC、Cu/AC、Ni/AC催化臭氧氧化处理丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的降解符合表观二级动力学规律,活性炭负载的活性组分有效提高了反应的动力学速率.     

UV/O3氧化邻苯二甲酸二甲酯溶液研究

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为环境优先控制污染物。本文采用紫外光—臭氧氧化法、单纯紫外光照及单纯臭氧氧化法处理邻苯二甲酸二甲酯废水。结果表明：单独紫外光照及单独臭氧化对邻苯二甲酸二酯防溶液的TOC去除率很低，紫外光催化臭氧化可加速有机物的矿化。UV/O3较单独臭氧化TOC由单独臭氧化的33％可提高到100％。在同样时间条件下，UV／O3、单独O3、单独UV三者对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯矿化作用由大至小为：UV／O3、O3、UV。     

活性炭负载铈催化臭氧氧化去除水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的研究

用浸渍法在活性炭上负载铈制备催化剂（Ce/AC）,并用XRD和SEM对其进行了表征．考察了Ce负载量、催化剂投加量对Ce/AC催化臭氧氧化降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）的影响．结果表明,Ce/AC催化臭氧氧化降解DMP的优化参数是催化剂投加量1.5 g/L,Ce的负载量0.2 %．在优化条件下,Ce/AC加入有利于催化臭氧氧化DMP过程中TOC的去除．质量浓度30 mg/L（pH=5.0）DMP反应60 min后的TOC去除率由以AC为催化剂的48 %提高到68 %,而单独臭氧氧化过程中TOC去除率仅有22 %．     

高藻期滦河水处理工艺流程对比试验研究

对天津滦河高藻原水进行常规处理工艺、常规处理-活性炭工艺、常规处理-预氧化和臭氧活性炭工艺处理效能的对比试验,研究结果表明:在常规处理工艺投加适量的混凝剂可有效控制浊度,但其对TOC和藻类的去除率仅为38.7%和89.5%;在常规处理工艺基础上增加后续活性炭过滤后,TOC和藻类的去除率可达65.1%和97.0%;在臭氧预氧化和常规处理基础上增加臭氧活性炭工艺,TOC和藻类的去除率可达83.2%,98.3%;同时臭氧预氧化可提高气浮对藻类和TOC的去除效率,臭氧中间氧化也有利于提高活性炭对TOC的去除.     

AC/O3-BAC工艺去除微污染珠江原水的初步研究

通过实验考察了活性炭(AC)催化臭氧氧化-生物活性炭(BAC)组合工艺用于处理珠江原水的净水效能,并与臭氧-活性炭工艺(O3-BAC)进行了比较.结果表明,AC/O3-BAC组合工艺对TOC、UV254、氨氮等指标均具有较好的去除效率,优化参数为:臭氧投加量50 mg/h、曝气量200 L/min、氧化时间15 min.在试验条件下AC/O3-BAC对TOC和CODMn的平均去除率为28.5%和50.3%,较BAC工艺去除TOC和CODMn分别提高16.0%和34.8%;较O3-BAC工艺去除TOC和CODMn分别提高4.9%和5.9%.3组合工艺对有机污染物的去除具有协同效应,有利于将大分子的有机物氧化为小分子的有机物,提高出水的可生化性,从而有利于后续的BAC对有机污染物的去除.     

铁型催化剂对臭氧氧化甲基橙的催化效能

以模拟染料废水甲基橙(MO)溶液为目标物,研究了Fe2+、Fe3+均相催化臭氧氧化及负载型铁氧化物非均相催化臭氧氧化对MO的去除特性,并探讨了在非均相催化剂活性炭负载Fe2O3(Fe2O3/AC)、活性氧化铝负载Fe2O3(Fe2O3/Al2O3)催化臭氧氧化体系中pH值、催化剂投加浓度、臭氧浓度、MO初始浓度等工艺参数的作用规律.结果表明,Fe2+、Fe3+、Fe2O3/AC、Fe2O3/Al2O3的加入均能提高MO的脱色率和COD去除率,且Fe2O3/AC、Fe2O3/Al2O3的催化效果更为显著;当Fe2O3/AC、Fe2O3/Al2O3的投加浓度为1.0 g/L,臭氧浓度为15.0 mg/L,MO初始浓度为25.0 mg/L、pH值为5.0时,30 min时Fe2O3/AC、Fe2O3/Al2O3催化臭氧体系降解MO的脱色率和COD去除率分别为89.26%、48.45%和80.34%、38.41%.     

AC/O_3-BAC工艺处理珠江原水的初步研究

通过实验考察了活性炭(AC)催化臭氧氧化-生物活性炭(BAC)组合工艺处理珠江原水的净水效能,并与臭氧-活性炭工艺(O3-BAC)进行了比较.结果表明,AC/O3-BAC组合工艺对TOC、UV254、氨氮等指标均具有较好的去除效率,优化参数为:臭氧投加量50mg/h、曝气量200L/min、氧化时间15min.在试验条件下AC/O3-BAC对TOC和CODMn的平均去除率为28.5%和50.3%,较BAC工艺分别提高16.0%和34.8%,较O3-BAC工艺分别提高4.9%和5.9%.组合工艺对有机污染物的去除具有协同效应,有利于将大分子的有机物氧化为小分子的有机物,提高出水的可生化性,从而有利于后续的BAC对有机污染物的去除.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to