采用气相色谱法测定盐酸溶液中乙炔及氯乙烯含量

氯乙烯生产过程中盐酸溶液中乙炔、氯乙烯的测定，在色谱柱前端安装氯化氢吸收管，由碳酸钠作吸收剂，从而对于色谱柱填料起保护作用，而乙炔和氯乙烯不与吸收剂作用并在色谱柱中分离测定，吸收剂 的使用寿命为每次进样1μl时，进样500次，色谱柱为2m×ф3mm内填GDX—202不锈钢柱，柱温为140℃，汽化室温度为60℃。试验结果乙炔的变异系数为3.2%，在0.10～0.15g/L范围内，回收率为97.8%～ 101%，氯化氢的变异系数为4.7%，在0.20～1.0g/l 范围内，回收率为98.7%～100%。     

溴氰菊酯胶悬剂的气相色谱分析

研究了胶悬剂中溴氰菊酯的浸出方法。采用低固定液涂量、短色谱柱、高柱温，气相色谱内标法测定胶悬剂中溴氰菊醌的含量。方法有良好的线性，回归方程为Y=0.5545X 0.0232，相关系数r=0.9998。方法的RSD为0.9%，回收率98%-103%，精密度和准确性均好。     

逆向锥型制备液相色谱技术的研究

文章设计并研究了一种以毛细作用为色谱主要驱动力的新型逆向锥型液相制备色谱柱及其技术。在一定的实验条件下,与具有相同柱长、相同负载能力的圆柱型色谱柱相比,逆向锥型柱节省填料50%以上,节省流动相60%以上,且色谱峰值比圆柱型柱高2.7%,柱效高18.6%。与相同规格的正向锥型柱相比,逆向锥型柱柱效高6.6%,色谱峰值高3.5%。逆向锥型色谱柱的应用和放大有待进一步研究。     

青羊参饮片的薄层色谱鉴别方法及浸出物限度标准

建立了青羊参饮片的薄层色谱鉴别方法.此法以青羊参饮片为供试样品，采用硅胶G薄层板、青羊参对照药材为对照、超声处理供试品溶液和对照药材溶液30 min、环己烷-乙醚-乙酸丁酯-冰醋酸（20∶6∶3∶0.2）作为展开剂展开，在365 nm紫外灯光下检视.结果显示，15批青羊参饮片的色谱与青羊参对照药材色谱一致，此薄层色谱鉴别方法稳定、简便，可用于青羊参饮片的鉴别.按《中国药典》2020年版规定方法之冷浸法检测青羊参饮片水溶性浸出物，结果显示，15批青羊参饮片的水溶性浸出物质量分数为15.55%～22.96%，因此建议青羊参饮片的浸出物限度检查标准定为“不得少于15.0%”.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱结合化学计量学分析金银花中多组分含量

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定金银花中9种主要成分的方法。采用负离子扫描方式，对主要成分进行化学计量学分析。色谱分离采用Thermo Hypersil GOLD色谱柱，柱温35℃。流动相由甲醇和0.2%甲酸水溶液组成，结合聚类热图分析和主成分分析对金银花进行综合分析。结果表明：9个化合物峰面积与浓度之间具有良好的线性关系(R²>0.999 1),日内精密度(0.96%～2.26%)、日间精密度(0.52%～3.04%)和稳定性(0.85%～2.15%)均符合相对标准偏差；回收率在96.77%～101.94%之间，相对标准偏差在2.48%～4.01%之间；层次聚类分析和主成分分析在内的化学计量学结果表明，不同地区的金银花活性成分含量存在明显差异，3-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸和3,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸为贡献最大的化合物。该研究可为进一步开展金银花有效成分及相关量效关系、相关产品的质量控制提供参考。     

微波提取气相色谱-质谱联用测定刺槐花中挥发性成分

刺槐花样品微波辅助提取所得挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法进行分析,按峰面积归一化法求出挥发性化学成分的相对含量。从延安地区刺槐花挥发油中分离出57种组分,鉴定出42种化合物,占色谱峰流出峰总面积的82.01%;鉴定出其中的成分有醇、烯烃、烷烃、醛、酯、酮等十多种化合物,其中烷烃类化合物占色谱峰流出面积的17.40%,烯烃类化合物占色谱峰流出面积的6.74%,醇类化合物占色谱峰流出面积的15.87%,酯类化合物占色谱峰流出面积的12.35%。     

草莓中农药残留及重金属污染状况研究

为了了解某地草莓中农药残留和重金属污染情况，采用液相色谱-串联质谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、液相色谱-柱后衍生法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法及原子吸收光谱法分析草莓中农药残留及重金属污染状况。结果表明，33种农药残留和5种重金属，在标准曲线内呈现良好的线性关系，精密度按照相关标准开展试验。在检测的36批次草莓中，其中有8批次草莓检出农药残留，占比为22.22%,有18批次草莓检出重金属，占比为50.00%,其中，4类农残检出率较高，2类重金属检出较高，但所测样品中农药残留及重金属含量均未超标，检出项目的食品安全指数均小于1。     

克炼减渣中钙化合物的特点

用过滤、溶剂抽提、水抽提法将克炼减渣中钙化合物分为二甲苯不溶性钙、水溶性钙和油溶性钙，用氧化铝吸附柱色谱将水抽提后渣油分为若干组分，并测定了钙在上述分离过程中的分布。结果表明，克炼减渣中二甲苯不溶性钙占1.6%，水溶性钙占61.4%，油溶性钙点37.0%；柱色谱分离过程中绝大多数有机钙残留在吸附柱上，且滞留量随氧化铝含水量的增加而增大，这部分钙可能是极性很大的带羧基或酚氧基的化合物或多环芳烃类化合物。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱串联质谱法测定黄豆中胺菊酯残留量

建立了测定黄豆中胺菊酯农药残留的QuEChERS(一种快速、简单、经济、高效、耐用和安全的样品前处理方法)-气相色谱串联质谱分析方法。样品粉碎后用水浸泡，加1%乙腈-乙酸和QuEChERS萃取盐包提取、净化管净化，用气相色谱串联质谱仪检测分析，选用多反应监测正离子模式扫描，使用内标法定量。实验结果表明，在0.01～0.30μg/mL线性范围内，相关系数为0.9955,添加浓度水平在20μg/kg、40μg/kg、200μg/kg时，回收率均在90.0%～97.1%,相对标准偏差在7.80%～8.67%。该方法简便、快捷、准确、高效，适用于黄豆中胺菊酯残留量的测定，为食品安全提供保障。     

液相色谱柱基质材料的发展

色谱柱是色谱分离的核心,色谱基质填料是色谱界研究的热点。与气相色谱相比较,液相色谱可分析检测的有机物范围广泛,可以满足80%有机物的检测,为了方便迅速地选择适合的色谱柱,综合了解液相色谱分离基质材料(填料及整体柱)的分类及表征手段是十分必要的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with