过氧化氢在神府烟煤光催化氧化解聚中的作用

将神府煤在不同过氧化氢投加量时进行光氧化解聚,对氧化后煤的丙酮和甲醇萃取液进行分析,并与原煤样进行对照.结果发现:过氧化氢是神府煤光催化氧化解聚过程中主要的引发剂和氧化剂,其浓度对氧化效果有重要影响,但并非投加量越高越好;当过氧化氢的投加量为1.00mL时,光催化氧化的含氧化合物的相对含量最大,可达41.4%;随着光催化氧化反应的进行,氧化煤中含氧化合物相对含量激增,支链烃(包括支链烷烃和支链芳烃)的含量明显减少;另外极性不同的萃取剂对氧化煤萃取得到的萃取物组成不尽相同,极性强萃取剂能析出氧化煤中更多的酮类和酯类物质;联二苯为氧化煤中主要的有机化合物,应该为苯环上氢原子被光解形成苯自由基,然后苯自由基相互作用而形成,过氧化氢在这一过程中起到了夺氢供氧的作用.     

大港减压渣油的光催化氧化

以TiO2为光催化剂,双氧水(H2O2)为氧化剂,通过红外光谱分析和气相色谱质谱分析减渣催化氧化产物的组成与结构特征,考察TiO2和双氧水用量对大港减压渣油环己烷溶液体系的催化转化效果.结果表明:大港减压渣油环己烷溶液被光催化氧化后,烷烃、醇、醚和酯等小分子物质的相对含量明显增加;TiO2与双氧水共用可协同促进渣油的氧化,其氧化后的小分子相对含量收率可达28.51%,而单用双氧水的收率仅为13.43%.     

生物油模型化合物酯化前氧化预处理

为了研究氧化预处理对后续酯化效果的影响,利用生物油模型化合物进行了氧化预处理以及酯化实验.以糠醛、乙酸、丙酮、乙醇配制模型化合物,选取过氧化氢、臭氧为氧化剂进行氧化处理实验,通过酸值、GCMS以及红外光谱等分析研究了氧化时间(0~2 h)、过氧化氢量(20~60m L)、氧化剂种类对氧化处理及后续酯化效果的影响.研究表明:在氧化过程中,增加过氧化氢量能够提高氧化处理能力,但增强效果并不明显;在几种不同的氧化方式中,过氧化氢和臭氧联合氧化为相对较优的氧化处理方式;相比于模型化合物直接酯化的酯含量7.8%,经过氧化处理后,模型化合物酯含量上升到了24.9%及以上.酯化提质前进行氧化预处理,可有效增强酯化效果.     

油页岩CS_2-NMP萃取物中含氧化合物的分离与分析

为实现依兰油页岩萃取物中含氧化合物的分离与分析,采用索氏萃取法,在60℃条件下以CS2-NMP为萃取剂萃取依兰油页岩。用TiCl4/CuCl2两步络合法和硅胶柱色谱法对依兰页岩油中的含氧化合物进行富集,并对含氧洗脱组分进行了气相色谱-质谱串联(GC/MS)分析。结果表明:TiCl4/CuCl2两步络合法可以实现油页岩中含氮化合物的分离,脱氮率为82%,硅胶柱色谱可以实现对页岩油中含氧化合物的富集,富集组分中,氧元素的质量分数为10.69%;柱色谱富集组分中鉴定出32种含氧化合物,其组成以酚、酮、醚、酯以及有机硅氧化合物为主;在这些含氧化合物中发现了甾醇类、萜类化合物的衍生物以及酰胺基团,说明依兰油页岩中的氧可能来源于成矿的高等植物和蓝绿藻。该结果可以为依兰油页岩资源的合理利用、油页岩的成因和油母结构研究提供参考。     

大港减渣超临界萃取物的GC/MS定性、定量分析

超临界萃取可以在控制的温度和压力下把重油分成很多窄馏分以方便后续分析,从大港原油真空分馏得到的大港减渣被超临界萃取技术分成F1到F16个级分.用商品级的石蜡作为外标.用GC/MS对这些级分进行定性和定量分析,分析结果显示用其主要成分为C15到C43的直链烷烃,包含藿烷、萜烯和含氧有机化合物等,这些化合物的浓度从F1到F16明显减少.     

甲醇萃取枣庄残余煤中的有机产物分析

本研究为进一步分析残余煤中的有机成分,采用的是甲醇溶剂对枣庄残余煤进行了索氏萃取,并利用GC/MS/MS对萃取物的组成进行了分析.结果表明枣庄残余煤甲醇萃取物中GC/MS/MS可检测到化合物46种,其中酯类占多数,其次是脂肪烃,芳香烃占少数,含部分含氮化合物.这可推测氧化后的残余煤样中可能含有的烃类物质为芳香烃、脂肪烃,含氧化合物有醇、吡啶及醚类,还可能有胺类和芳香硝基化合物.     

PEG模板条件下BiOBr的制备及其光催化性能的研究

以表面活性剂聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了溴氧化铋(BiOBr-PEG)光催化剂,运用XRD、SEM、BET和DRS对其结构及光化学特性进行了初步表征.在可见光(λ≥420nm)照射下,以有机污染料罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)和无色小分子水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)为目标化合物,研究了其光催化降解反应特性.结果表明:BiOBr-PEG具有优越的光催化活性,对RhB和SA都具有较好的降解效果,可见光照射40min和12h后,RhB和SA降解率分别达到98%和41%.同时,BiOBr-PEG催化剂稳定性良好,循环使用5次光催化活性基本稳定.光催化降解过程中涉及·OH和O·-2的氧化机理.     

超声辅助脱除煤中的有机硫

为了研究超声辅助过氧化氢-乙酸氧化脱除煤中有机硫的机理,选取4种脱灰煤和6种含硫模型化合物作为研究对象,探讨反应温度、反应时间和超声功率对有机硫的脱除影响;采用X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等手段,对脱硫处理前、后的样品进行表征.结果表明:超声辅助过氧化氢-乙酸脱硫时,有机硫化物硫的含量越高,脱硫...     

大气中挥发性含氧有机物研究进展

大气中的挥发性含氧有机物(oxygenated volatile organic compounds,OVOCs)主要由醛、酮、醇、酸、醚、酯及极其活泼的烯醛、烯酮等化合物组成.挥发性含氧有机物对大气化学的研究起着十分重要的作用:一方面OVOCs拥有较高的反应活性可直接参与大气光化学反应过程,进而形成臭氧等强氧化性的污染物.另一方面OVOCs对二次有机气溶胶的形成(secondary organic aerosol,SOA)影响显著,是SOA生成的重要前体物.研究表明,OVOCs不仅在大气光化学反应中起到重要作用,而且会对人体造成一定危害,具有致癌、致畸、致突变等危害,因此受到国内外学者的广泛关注.OVOCs的来源广泛,其中主要包括自然源、人为源以及大气光化学反应的二次转化过程.其在大气中的浓度变化范围大,反应活性高,且许多挥发性含氧有机物寿命短、含量低.这些特点使得对其采样及测量方法有着非常严格的要求:检测方法应有较高的灵敏度,且能实现痕量水平的分析;采样及分析过程需避免目标物的降解或转化.挥发性含氧有机物的分析方法包括离线分析法与在线连续分析法,其中离线分析法包括化学衍生法、气相色谱法(GC)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)等方法,在线连续分析法包括在线气相色谱技术、质子转移质谱(PTR-MS)等方法,其中2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)法应用最广.     

四种含氧化合物燃烧热的测定

通过对固体可燃物质燃烧热测定方法的改进,测定挥发性液体的燃烧热。实验采用氧弹量热计,将化合物注入胶囊中测其燃烧热,并保证化合物在实验过程中不溢出,不挥发,又要易于点燃。以柴油为参照测定含氧化合物（正丁醚、二甘醇二甲醚、二乙二醇丁醚和乙二醇丁醚）的燃烧热。实验测得,柴油的燃烧热Q柴油=-42.452 k J/g,四种含氧燃料中燃烧热值最高的是乙二醇丁醚和正丁醚：Q乙二醇丁醚=-43.143 k J/g,Q正丁醚=-42.111 k J/g。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.