新型有机-无机杂化材料固载烯烃环氧化催化剂

本文以新型有机-无机杂化材料"低聚苯乙烯基膦酸-磷酸氢锆(ZSPP)"为载体,设计合成了四种多胺配体钼配合物多相催化剂,并用红外、拉曼、XPS、XRD及元素分析等方法对催化剂进行了表征.以TBHP为氧源,考察了所制备催化剂催化环己烯环氧化的催化活性,结果表明,所制备的固载催化剂催化环己烯环氧化时具有较高的催化活性、选择性和重复使用性,但随着配体中N原子数的增加,转化率和选择性会逐渐降低.     

新型有机-无机杂化材料固载烯烃环氧化催化剂

本文以新型有机-无机杂化材料"低聚苯乙烯基膦酸-磷酸氢锆(ZSPP)"为载体,设计合成了四种多胺配体钼配合物多相催化剂,并用红外、拉曼、XPS、XRD及元素分析等方法对催化剂进行了表征.以TBHP为氧源,考察了所制备催化剂催化环己烯环氧化的催化活性,结果表明,所制备的固载催化剂催化环己烯环氧化时具有较高的催化活性、选择性和重复使用性,但随着配体中N原子数的增加,转化率和选择性会逐渐降低.     

聚苯乙烯/聚吡咯复合微球催化剂性能

采用种子乳液聚合制备了聚苯乙烯/聚吡咯(PS/PPY)复合微球,以其为载体负载钼活性中心制备了PS/PPY复合微球负载钼系催化剂,系统研究了载体性质对负载型催化剂催化环辛烯环氧化反应的催化活性.结果表明:亲水性的负载型催化剂在以过氧化氢为氧源的催化体系中催化活性较高;聚合物的掺杂离子对催化剂的催化性能具有重要影响,以硝酸铁为氧化剂制备的负载型催化剂的催化活性最高,催化环辛烯环氧化的转化率可以达到90%.     

树脂负载型催化剂催化环十二碳三烯环氧化的反应研究

以过氧化氢(H_2O_2)为氧化剂,以阴离子交换树脂为载体负载的过氧磷钨酸为催化剂,催化环十二碳三烯选择环氧化生成单环氧化物.采用XRD和SEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征.研究结果表明,以阴离子树脂载体负载的磷钨杂多酸为催化剂在催化环十二碳三烯选择环氧化反应中展现出较好的催化活性.在以过氧化氢为氧化剂,阴离子树脂D261负载过氧磷钨酸为催化剂时,60℃反应4 h,环十二碳三烯的转化率为72.6%,单环氧化物的选择性为74.6%.     

枝状钴配合物的合成及其对苯乙烯环氧化的催化性能

将合成的配体4-(2-吡啶甲醛亚氨基)苯酚与醋酸钴反应得到钴(Ⅱ)配合物(CoL),再将CoL负载到碳硅烷枝状分子上,制备成枝状钴(Ⅱ)配合物催化剂(CS-CoL),并通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、元素分析、氢谱(1H NMR)等对相关化合物进行表征。以分子氧为氧源,将催化剂用于催化苯乙烯的环氧化反应,同时考察催化剂的种类、溶剂、反应温度和反应时间对苯乙烯环氧化反应性能的影响。结果表明:负载后的枝状催化剂CS-CoL比单体催化剂CoL的催化活性高,苯乙烯的转化率为99.9%,环氧苯乙烷的选择性达59.5%,同时也说明枝状载体具有正向的"枝状分子效应"。     

不对称催化环氧化研究进展

综述了近年来Ti（O-i—Pr）4-DET催化体系、手性Salen催化体系、手性酮催化体系和负载手性催化体系等在不对称催化环氧化应用中的研究进展，并对其催化环氧化的特点进行了比较和讨论。Sharpless催化体系具有操作简单、催化剂价廉易得、对映体选择性高的优点；Jacobsen催化剂对双键环氧化有一定通用性，合成相对简单；手性酮催化剂能有效减少重金属污染；负载型催化剂具有催化剂易于回收、产物易于提纯等优点。     

纳米氧化锡催化烯烃液相环氧化反应的研究

采用自制的纳米SnO2为催化剂,以环境友好的H2O2（30％）为氧源,考察其催化烯烃环氧化的反应效果．通过FT-IR取光谱、UV—Vis光谱、XRD和TEM对SnO2催化剂进行了表征．研究发现纳米SnO2对烯烃的液相环氧化具有非常好的催化效果,并以环己烯为例对反应条件做了相关探讨实验结果表明,在温度为50℃,H22Q与环己烯摩尔比为1．2时,烯烃转化率达到99．9％,环氧选择性高达98．1％．且催化剂循环使用9次催化活性没有发生明显变化．     

苯并-10-氮杂-15-冠-5取代的单Schiff碱的合成及其锰(Ⅲ)配合物的催化环氧化性能

由苯并-10-氮杂-15-冠-5经Mannich反应、还原和缩合制得了含单氮杂冠醚的水杨醛亚胺单Schiff碱HL^1和HL^2。研究了它们的锰(Ⅲ)配合物MnL2^1Cl和MnL2^2Cl的仿酶催化性能，并与非冠醚类似物MnL2^3Cl比较，考察了配体芳环上挂接氮杂冠醚环对锰(Ⅲ)配合物的催化环氧化性能的影响。结果表明，在常温常压下，MnL2^1Cl和MnL2^2Cl比MnL2^3Cl的催化活性。其中，具有正庚氧基的MnL2^2烯转化率52．6％，环氧化选择性96．2％，摩尔转化频率(TOF)17．5h^-1。     

一步合成CoSAPO-5分子筛及其在苯乙烯空气环氧化中的催化研究

本研究通过一步水热转动法原位合成了CoSAPO-5分子筛,通过两步法(先合成SAPO-5后经离子交换或浸渍法负载Co源)制备了Co/SAPO-5催化剂. XRD表征可看出所合成分子筛具有AFI的特征衍射峰,扫描电镜可看出CoSAPO-5分子筛晶体呈六方棱柱型,固体紫外图谱表明钴源存在于CoSAPO-5分子筛中. CoSAPO-5焙烧后显示出良好催化活性,催化苯乙烯空气环氧化产率为72. 2%;而Co/SAPO-5对苯乙烯的催化环氧化产率最高为56. 9%.比较两种制备方法,一步转动法合成CoSAPO-5操作简单,更利于钴源分散在骨架活性位置,所制取催化剂催化烯烃环氧化产率更高,综合表明一步转动法在催化剂制备中有很大的优势.     

La掺杂型羟基磷灰石催化苯乙烯环氧化

采用超声辅助的液相沉淀法制备不同La掺杂量的羟基磷灰石催化剂,采用XRD,BET,FT-IR,SEM,EDS和CO2-TPD等手段表征催化剂的结构和表面性质,并考察其在双氧水氧化剂存在下催化苯乙烯环氧化反应的性能.结果表明,随着La的引入,羟基磷灰石晶格中部分Ca2+被La3+取代,发生一定程度的晶格畸变,并使表面某些碱性位强度和数量有所增加,当La/(Ca+La)原子比为0.02时,La掺杂型羟基磷灰石的表面强碱性位数量达到最大,表现出最佳的苯乙烯双氧水环氧化的催化活性,苯乙烯转化率和环氧苯乙烷选择性分别为76.2%和83.5%.La掺杂型羟基磷灰石可多次循环使用,具有较稳定的结构和催化性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.