直喷式浅ω型油膜-雾化燃烧的研究

本文研究了直喷式无涡流浅 型燃烧室油膜－雾化燃烧方式．其混合气形成 和燃烧过程，不同于常规的直喷式．也有别于Ｍ过程．其中 ７型渍膜－雾化燃 烧方案在直喷式 ６Ｅ１５０Ｃ型柴油机上获得了比原机的耗油率下降近１２克／马力小 时，爆压下降６公斤／厘米２的好效果．文中分析了 ７型方案的燃烧特点．论述 了组织其混合气形成和燃烧过程的基本思想，并提供了各种因素对油膜－雾化燃烧 的影响情况。     

用直喷式油膜-雾化燃烧改善柴油机性能

Ｅ１５０Ｃ系列二冲程回流扫气预燃室式柴油机改为直接喷射．采用Ｘ４型ω燃 烧室，运用油膜－雾化燃烧理沦，在实机上进行了大量试验．结果表明油耗率大幅 度下降，机械负荷小，排温低，烟度清淡．冷车起动方便。应用重迭法和高速摄 影的火焰伯照研究说明， 这种燃烧方式加速了主燃烧期，缩短了燃烧持续期。     

小型高速单缸卧式柴油机的直喷式燃烧研究

将Ｓ１１００Ａ型柴油机的气缸直径从１００ｍｍ扩大到１０２ｍｍ，并且将其涡流式燃烧系统改为直喷式燃烧系统。在此基础上研制成功了１１０２型直喷式柴油机。实验结果表明，１１０２型直喷式柴油机比Ｓ１１００Ａ型涡流室式柴油机的性能指标有了较大幅度的提高。在标定工况下，输出功率从１１ＫＷ提高到１２．５ＫＷ，转速从２２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ提高到２３００ｒ／ｍｉｎ，燃油消耗率从２５３ｇ／（ｋＷ．ｈ）降低到２３４ｇ／（ｋ     

燃烧室结构形状对柴油机经济性和排放的影响

对于直喷式柴油机来说，燃烧室结构形状直接影响到燃烧室的气体运动及燃烧过程的进行．最终影响柴油机的经济性和排放性能．本文从小型直喷式柴油机的燃烧过程出发，通过试验对比．结合缸内燃烧放热过程的计算，分析探讨了三种燃烧室结构形状对燃烧放热及柴油机性能的影响，为设计开发新产品提供一定的参考依据．     

柴油机燃烧研究的展望

本文分析了直喷式柴油机燃烧的混合气形成和放热规律的基本特征及其对燃烧的 粗爆性和烟度的影响。文中指出改变柴油机燃烧基本特征的研究方向是以油膜雾化燃 烧为手段．采取必要措施使缸内着火前将燃油全部喷完，控制在靠近上死点处着火， 以实现近似地等压燃烧。实践证实．新的燃烧方式在降低爆压、改善烟色和提高经济性等方面均取得良好的效果。为进一步改善小型、高速、直喷式柴油机燃烧性能。试 验伞喷油膜雾化燃烧有着广阔的发展前途。     

车用直喷式柴油机燃烧压力振荡控制的研究

针对柴油机缸内燃烧压力振荡对发动机工作过程产生的重要影响，试验研究和理论分析转速、负荷、喷油提前角等对直喷式柴油机燃烧压力振荡的影响．研究结果表明：随着运行参数的变化，柴油机的滞燃期发生了变化，从而影响了滞燃期内喷入气缸的燃油量，严格控制滞燃期可以有效地降低燃烧压力振荡强度．缸内燃烧压力振荡的研究，为改善柴油机的缸内燃烧过程及其工作过程的可靠性提供了依据．     

直喷式柴油机燃烧压力振荡研究

利用燃烧理论、波动理论、有限元理论，研究直喷式柴油机燃烧压力振荡特性．研究表明，直喷式柴油机燃烧压力振荡具有多阶共振频率，实机缸内燃烧压力振荡是多个共振模态的叠加．经试验验证，本文计算结果与试验吻合较好．     

直喷式柴油机高强化燃烧新技术研究

抓住影响柴油机燃烧过程的主要因素，提高混合气形成质量，组织稀薄均质预混合燃烧方式，控制上止点着火，获得理想放热规律，在4气门1135型直喷式试验机上取得了经济性和排放性全面改善的效果。模拟的增压试验对不同增压比、气门重叠角、喷油定时及喷孔尺寸进行了实验研究。结果表明：适当提高增压比和加大气门重叠角，是柴油机强化燃烧的重要措施。     

柴油/含水甲醇组合燃烧对柴油机性能的影响

为研究粗甲醇对柴油／甲醇组合燃烧发动机性能的影响，在纯甲醇中掺入10％的水以模拟粗甲醇，通过进气管喷射甲醇以形成均匀预混和气，进入气缸由柴油引燃的组合燃烧方式进行了试验，并与燃用纯甲醇进行了对比、结果表明，组合燃烧含水10％的甲醇对发动机性能的影响与组合燃烧纯甲醇的效果相差不多．但前者使用经济性较好．说明采用组合燃烧方式后，发动机对醇类燃料的适用性较强，这种方式可为柴油机燃用甲醇提供了一种技术途径。     

压燃式纯甲醇发动机的试验研究

对双缸柴油机上直喷压燃方式燃烧纯甲醇的燃烧特性进行了研究。根据甲醇燃料 汽化潜热大、自燃温度高、直接田燃困难等特点，采用提高压缩比进气加热等措施， 成功地使纯甲醇在直喷田燃方式下获得了稳定运转。结果表明，这种甲醇燃烧方式能 有效地降低柴油机的ＮＯｘ排放量，其能耗率与现有柴油机基本相等，并就这种新型 甲醇代用方式的燃烧过程示功图、放热率、滞燃期及热效率等特点与柴抽相比较，进 行了较深入的分析探讨。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.