BFe30-1-1合金热变形行为及热加工图

对BFe30-1-1合金在变形温度为750~1000℃,应变速率为0.01~10s—1的条件下使用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机进行高温热压缩试验,研究其热加工行为.获得了该合金在高温下的真应力-真应变曲线,并分析了其流变应力的变化规律.构建了BFe30-1-1合金的热变形方程,基于动态材料模型绘制其热加工图,并结合热压缩后的合金微观组织分析热加工图.结果表明:变形条件对加工图有明显影响,在较低的应变速率和较高的温度条件下,能量耗散效率较大.在应变量分别为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8的热加工图基础上,分析合金在不同变形条件下的动态再结晶组织特性及流变失稳显微组织,最终得到该合金最佳热加工温度为830~950℃,应变速率为0.01~0.05s—1.     

AZ31镁合金的热变形加工图及其应用

为了确定AZ31镁合金轧制工艺参数,利用Gleeble--3500热模拟试验机进行热压缩试验以测试其热变形行为,并根据动态材料模型理论得到其热加工图.当变形温度为380～400℃、应变速率为3～12 s-1时,功率耗散效率大于30%,属于动态再结晶峰区;在该区域进行异步轧制变形退火处理后得到平均晶粒直径为2.3μm的细晶组织,抗拉强度为322.7MPa,延伸率为19.6%.当应变速率大于15 s-1时,属于流变失稳区,250～300℃低温加工时合金的塑性显著降低,350～400℃高温加工时合金出现混晶组织.     

大应变轧制技术制备细晶AZ31镁合金板材

晶粒细化可以改善镁合金的强度和延性,通过控制轧制工艺可以控制变形组织.文中研究了不同轧制道次变形量对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着轧制道次变形量的增加,轧制应变速率增加,镁合金发生了动态再结晶,获得细小的晶粒组织,板材的硬度增加;但是,当轧制道次变形量增加到一定值之后,板材的表面出现宏观裂纹;采用大的道次轧制应变技术,可以减少轧制道次,制备晶粒尺寸为2～5μm的细晶镁合金板材.     

800H合金热变形行为研究

通过高温单道次压缩实验,研究800H合金在变形温度850～1 050℃和应变速率0.01～10 s-1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织变化.根据单道次压缩实验数据,绘制了不同变形条件下的800H合金真应力-真应变曲线,通过非线性回归建立了流变应力数学模型;通过线性回归建立了不同温度区间内热变形本构方程.分析了热变形条件对合金微观组织的影响,结果表明:动态再结晶更有可能发生在低应变速率和高变形温度的变形条件下;当变形温度低于950℃时,沿晶界析出的Cr23C6粒子对动态再结晶的发生有一定的抑制作用.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金加工图的构建及失稳分析

由含Zr的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在不同变形条件下进行热压缩得到的真应力-真应变曲线,计算合金的热变形本构方程.基于动态材料模型构建合金的加工图,并分析功率耗散系数的变化和失稳区的范围.研究结果表明:该合金在热变形时存在2个失稳区,即低温失稳区(温度300～360℃、应变速率0.05～1 s-1)和高温失稳区(温度400～460℃、应变速率0.005～1 s-1);在温度440～460℃,应变速率小于0.002 s-1的区域,最大功率耗散系数为0.52,该区域内的变形软化机制为动态再结晶.     

应变速率对GH625合金热变形过程组织演变的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,对GH625合金进行了以不同变形温度、不同应变速率变形到真应变值为0.7的热压缩试验,以研究其热变形过程的动态再结晶组织演变.利用光学显微镜（OP）和透射电镜（TEM）分析了应变速率对GH625合金热变形过程中的组织演变及动态再结晶形核机制的影响.结果表明:应变速率·ε=10.0s^-1时,实际变形温度高于预设温度,产生变形热效应.GH625合金热变形过程的组织演变是一个受应变速率和变形温度控制的过程,在应变速率·ε≤1.0s^-1时,GH625合金动态再结晶晶粒的尺寸及体积分数随着应变速率的升高而降低,动态再结晶形核机制是由晶界弓弯的不连续动态再结晶机制和亚晶旋转的连续动态再结晶机制组成;在应变速率·ε=10.0s^-1时,由于变形热效应使动态再结晶晶粒的尺寸及体积分数迅速升高,动态再结晶机制则是以弓弯机形核的不连续动态再结晶机制为主.     

变形条件对1235铝合金热变形微观组织的影响

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机研究变形条件对1235铝合金高温变形组织的影响.采用OM、TEM分析合金在不同压缩条件下的组织形貌特征,采用TCI图像分析系统测量热变形微观组织的平均晶粒尺寸.结果表明,在同一应变速率下,随变形温度的升高,其动态软化行为不同,573 K时主要是动态回复;大于623 K时,主要是动态再结晶,在673 K时的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸最小.在低应变速率下,合金的组织均匀、晶粒尺寸小,发生完全动态再结晶;在高应变速率下,合金的组织则呈拉长状,组织不均匀、晶粒尺寸相对较大,发生了局部动态再结晶.随变形量的不断增加,合金的组织由等轴状变为纤维状,大应变量时合金再次进入加工硬化状态.     

CoCrFeNi高熵合金组织演变规律及再结晶动力学

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对添加少量C原子的非等原子比CoCrFeNi高熵合金进行热变形处理.结果表明，当变形温度为1123K，应变速率为0.1s^-1时，合金的显微组织主要为变形晶粒，随着温度的升高或应变速率的降低，变形晶粒边缘开始出现细小的等轴晶；当变形温度为1223K时，其组织全部为等轴的再结晶晶粒.当变形温度大于1223K时，晶粒开始出现明显的长大现象.利用Arrhenius模型及Avrami方程，建立了CoCrFeNi高熵合金的再结晶动力学模型，对应的再结晶激活能为526.078kJ·mol^-1.     

铸态和锻态高强铝合金热变形组织的演变

采用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机对具有铸态和预锻态初始组织的新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金试样进行了热压缩试验,分析了该合金铸态和锻态初始组织在热变形过程中的演变。研究结果表明,高温低应变速率条件下,铸态树枝晶粒在热压缩变形拉长的同时,晶内树枝晶界在高温压缩扩散的作用下逐渐消失,转变为粗大均匀且变形拉长的晶粒组织。当压缩变形量很大时,剧烈拉长的晶粒将通过几何动态再结晶得到细化。预锻态试样压缩过程中,适当的温度和应变速率条件下即可发生动态再结晶,形成细小均匀的再结晶新晶粒。     

Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金热加工图及其组织演变

采用热模拟试验机对Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金进行等温压缩试验,获得变形温度为750~900℃和应变速率为0.001~1 s 1时的真应力真应变曲线,并运用修正后的试验数据建立真应变为0.7的热加工图。通过显微组织观察,分析合金的变形机理,确定热变形失稳区。研究结果表明:Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe合金加工温度范围较宽,当加工温度低于800℃且变形速率大于0.1 s 1时易发生绝热剪切,造成流变失稳;随着变形温度升高,功率耗散因子η有增大趋势,合金的流动软化机制由动态回复逐渐变为动态再结晶,显微组织也随之细化、均匀。     

S38MnSiV非调质钢热变形行为及组织演变

利用MMS-300热模拟试验机开展单道次压缩实验和光学显微组织观察,研究了S38MnSiV非调质钢在温度为1173~1423K及应变速率为001~10s-1条件下的热变形行为,获得了应变速率和变形温度对该钢动态再结晶行为及组织的影响规律,按照双曲正弦方法确定了实验钢的热变形激活能和本构方程.结果表明:变形温度越高,应变速率越低,越有利于动态再结晶的发生;随着动态再结晶的进行,奥氏体平均晶粒尺寸随应变的增加逐渐减小;当应力达到稳态时,奥氏体晶粒尺寸不再随应变而发生变化.     

AISI 321奥氏体不锈钢的应变硬化行为、应变速率敏感性及热变形图

Hot compression tests were performed on AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel in the deformation temperature range of 800–1200°C and constant strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 s?1. Hot flow curves were used to determine the strain hardening exponent and the strain rate sensitivity exponent, and to construct the processing maps. Variations of the strain hardening exponent with strain were used to predict the microstructural evolutions during the hot deformation. Four variations were distinguished reflecting the different microstructural changes. Based on the analysis of the strain hardening exponent versus strain curves, the microstructural evolutions were dynamic recovery, single and multiple peak dynamic recrystallization, and interactions between dynamic recrystallization and precipitation. The strain rate sensitivity variations at an applied strain of 0.8 and strain rate of 0.1 s?1 were compared with the microstructural evolutions. The results demonstrate the existence of a reliable correlation between the strain rate sensitivity values and evolved microstructures. Additionally, the power dissipation map at the applied strain of 0.8 was compared with the resultant microstructures at predetermined deformation conditions. The microstructural evolutions strongly correlated to the power dissipation ratio, and dynamic recrystallization occurred completely at lower power dissipation ratios.     

Static Recrystallization Behavior of SCM435 Steel

The static recrystallization behaviors in SCM435 steel were investigated by two-pass hot compression tests on MMS-200 thermosimulation machine. Effects of deformation temperature, strain rate,deformation degree and the initial austenite grain size on static softening were analyzed. The stress compensation method was used to calculate the static recrystallization. The kinetics model of the static recrystallization of SCM435 steel was established and the obtained activation energy for static recrystallization was 182. 8 kJ /mol. Results showed that within a certain time interval( 1-100 s),the static recrystallization fraction X of SCM435 steel increased as the deformation temperature,the deformation rate and the amount of deformation increased,and it decreased as the initial grain size increased and increased as the time interval increased.     

Microstructural evolution of a superaustenitic stainless steel during a two-step deformation process

Single- and two-step hot compression experiments were carried out on 16Cr25Ni6Mo superaustenitic stainless steel in the temperature range from 950 to 1150℃ and at a strain rate of 0.1 s-1. In the two-step tests, the first pass was interrupted at a strain of 0.2; after an interpass time of 5, 20, 40, 60, or 80 s, the test was resumed. The progress of dynamic recrystallization at the interruption strain was less than 10%. The static softening in the interpass period increased with increasing deformation temperature and increasing interpass time. The static recrystallization was found to be responsible for fast static softening in the temperature range from 950 to 1050℃. However, the gentle static softening at 1100 and 1150℃ was attributed to the combination of static and metadynamic recrystallizations. The correlation between calculated fractional softening and microstructural observations showed that approximately 30% of interpass softening could be attributed to the static recovery. The microstructural observations illustrated the formation of fine recrystallized grains at the grain boundaries at longer interpass time. The Avrami kinetics equation was used to establish a relationship between the fractional softening and the interpass period. The activation energy for static softening was determined as 276 kJ/mol.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a hot-rolled Ti alloy

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a hot-rolled Ti-5.1 Al-2.5 Cr-0.5 Fe-4.5 Mo-1.1 Sn-1.8 Zr-2.9 Zn titanium alloy sheet along the thickness direction were investigated.The results indicated that the hotrolled titanium alloy sheet presented different microstructures along the thickness direction owing to the uneven distribution of stress and temperature during the hot rolling.The grains in central region underwent a larger deformation,leading to relative complete grain fragmentation and the formation of fine grains.During the air cooling process followed by hot rolling,the fraction of a phase precipitated in the central region was lower than that in the regions near the surface of the sheet.During hot rolling process,more deformation energy transformed to thermal energy and lower cooling rate in the central region promoted the α→β phase transformation,resulting in the increasing of the dynamic recrystallization in the β phase.By contrast,the dynamic recrystallization for a phase decreased.Distinct {0001}_α and {001}_β textures were observed,and these textures were markedly strengthened with the increasing distance from the central region.Due to the softening induced by dynamic recrystallization and the strengthening by concentrated dislocations,the surface of the sheet exhibits highest yield strength and lowest elongation.     

20CrMnTiH齿轮钢高温塑性变形特性

以20CrMnTiH齿轮钢为研究对象,在变形温度850~1 150 °C和应变速率0.01~10 s-1的变形条件下,采用高温压缩热模拟实验研究其塑性变形特性.发现：变形温度850 °C时的流动应力为1 150 °C时的2~3倍,应变速率10 s-1时的应力值为应变速率0.01 s-1时的2~3倍,在高温和低应变速率的条件下发生了连续动态再结晶;从微观组织来看,随变形温度升高,再结晶晶粒沿着初始晶粒的晶界长大并形成新晶粒,变形温度1 050 °C时,多次动态再结晶使得晶粒长大明显.根据采用双曲正弦函数修正的Arrhenius方程,利用线性回归法求出相应的热变形激活能为371.053 kJ/mol.利用加工图确定了相应的热变形过程最佳工艺参数范围,即变形温度为1 020~1 150 °C,应变速率为0.5~2.5 s-1.

     

Ti-7333合金β锻动态再结晶行为

 利用Gleeble3800热模拟试验机研究了在温度870～970℃和应变速率0.001～10s^-1范围内,近β钛合金Ti-7333 β锻热变形的组织演化规律及动态再结晶行为.实验结果表明,Ti-7333钛合金在温度较高、应变速率较低的情况下变形时,表现出典型的动态再结晶行为,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸和再结晶体积分数均随变形温度升高和变形速率降低而增大,而应变速率对再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响较显著.在变形速率较高(>0.1s^-1)且变形温度较低(<870℃)时,晶粒严重变形拉长,但动态再结晶将很难发生.因子Z决定着动态再结晶晶粒尺寸,二者之间为幂指数关系.通过回归分析方法得出动态再结晶晶粒尺寸的数学表达式为：lnD_r=8.50949-0.31411lnZ.采用该表达式可以对一定变形条件的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸进行精确预测,从而为Ti-7333钛合金热变形条件下的组织控制提供可靠依据.不适当的热变形工艺会造成组织粗大或者不均匀,进而使材料性能恶化.因此,应该从材料组织均匀性和晶粒细化角度选择最佳的热变形参数.     

高强钢300M静态再结晶动力学研究

为研究高强钢300M静态再结晶行为,采用Gleeble-3800型热模拟试验机对300M钢进行单/双道次热压缩试验.通过双道次热压缩试验分析了变形温度、应变速率、变形量和初始晶粒尺寸对静态再结晶体积分数的影响.变形温度越高,应变速率越大,变形量越大,初始晶粒尺寸越小,则静态再结晶体积分数越大.其中变形温度、变形量和应变速率对静态再结晶体积分数影响较大,初始晶粒尺寸的影响相比较小.基于双道次热压缩试验结果建立了300M钢的静态再结晶体积分数模型,基于单道次热压缩试验结果建立了300M钢完全静态再结晶晶粒尺寸模型,并验证了静态再结晶体积分数模型的正确性.