一种单晶镍基合金高温蠕变相关参数的试验研究

通过测定［００１］取向单晶镍基高温合金的蠕变曲线及位错运动的应力σ０,建立了综合蠕变方程,计算出蠕变不同阶段的激活能及相关参数．结果表明：内应力σ０随温度升高明显降低,在试验的应力和温度范围内,蠕变的不同阶段,具有不同的激活能Ｑ,时间指数ｍｉ和结构因子Ｂｉ,其中蠕变Ⅰ、Ⅲ阶段Ｂｉ值对激活能影响较大．     

可蠕变砂岩地层的临界蠕变应力及安全钻井周期

砂岩地层钻井可能出现缩径,严重威胁钻井安全,有必要研究砂岩蠕变性质,为钻井提供安全保障。使用MTS刚性实验机测定偏应力15~35 MPa下的黄流组砂岩岩心轴向应变,得出砂岩岩心存在临界蠕变应力。研究了砂岩不同蠕变阶段的蠕变机理,通过测定砂岩横波波速及长期强度确定了其稳态蠕变与加速蠕变临界应力。使用西原模型拟合了砂岩蠕变应变,计算了使用不同密度钻井液时黄流组砂岩地层安全钻井周期。研究结果可用于指导蠕变性砂岩地层安全钻井及钻井液密度设计。     

压-拉循环荷载作用下红砂岩蠕变特性

利用自制岩石杠杆式拉压蠕变试验仪,对红砂岩进行2种恒定循环荷载蠕变试验以及等增量循环蠕变实验,分析各应力水平下的蠕变特征,研究岩石蠕变与循环次数之间的规律,探讨蠕变参数与循环次数之间的关系。研究结果表明:在各级恒定荷载作用下,试样变形均包含明显的瞬时应变和衰减蠕变及稳态蠕变,在1.19 MPa拉伸荷载作用下岩样出现加速蠕变。在50%σc-50%σt循环荷载作用下,岩样最大轴向应变逐渐增大,最大横向应变均逐渐减小,试样整体"缩短"而无明显扩容;85%σc-85%σt强度荷载使得岩样最大轴向与横向应变随着循环次数增加而增大,不仅表现为轴向"缩短",而且出现体积扩容;在2种恒定压-拉荷载作用下,试样均产生一定的残余永久变形,较大荷载使得试样轴向与横向残余永久应变均随循环次数增加而增加,而较小荷载作用下试样横向应变随循环次数增加而减小;试样蠕变随着增量循环荷载等级增加而增加,且产生一定的永久残余应变;施加32.59 MPa压应力后试样出现最大体积压缩应变,后体积逐步开始扩容。Burgers蠕变模型可以较好地反映红砂岩在恒定循环荷载作用下的蠕变特性,试样在经历3~4次循环后材料属性随循环次数及时间进一步劣化,最终在第5次循环时发生拉伸破坏。     

密封材料工业纯钛TA2中低温压缩蠕变行为

对工业纯钛TA2在不同温度以及不同压力下进行压缩蠕变实验,分析了工业纯钛TA2压缩稳态蠕变以及压缩瞬时蠕变行为,研究发现工业纯钛TA2在低温低应力条件下存在蠕变饱和现象。通过对蠕变数据分析计算得到TA2在353～523 K之间的蠕变激活能Qc=30 k J/mol,且稳态蠕变速率6)εs与应力σ之间满足幂律方程;运用一级动力学反应理论求得不同条件下工业纯钛TA2压缩瞬时蠕变参数,并建立了瞬时蠕变参数与稳态蠕变速率的关系。     

辽西花岗岩三轴蠕变时效性试验

为研究辽西花岗岩的工程力学性能,采用TAW-2000电液伺服岩石三轴仪,对辽西花岗岩试样分别进行了围压为5 MPa、10 MPa和20 MPa条件下的三轴蠕变实验.基于不同围压条件下的三轴蠕变试验数据,绘制辽西花岗岩的三轴蠕变曲线、等时应力应变曲线和蠕变速率曲线,分析试样的蠕变起始应力和长期强度.研究结果表明:等时应力应变与蠕变速率相结合的方法能更好地描述蠕变的发展过程、变形特征和蠕变阶段.随着围压的增加,蠕变速率的波动范围减小,加速蠕变段的发展过程更为平稳,蠕变破坏经历的时间也更长.实验数据的统计分析结果表明:试样的蠕变长期强度阈值为(0.7~0.8)(σ1-σ3).     

可蠕变砂岩地层井壁稳定性研究

砂岩地层钻井可能出现缩径,严重威胁钻井安全,有必要研究砂岩蠕变性质,为钻井提供安全保障。使用MTS刚性实验机测定偏应力15MPa~35MPa下的黄流组砂岩岩心轴向应变,得出砂岩岩心存在临界蠕变应力。研究了砂岩不同蠕变阶段的蠕变机理,通过测定砂岩横波波速及长期强度确定了其稳态蠕变与加速蠕变临界应力。使用西原模型拟合了砂岩蠕变应变,计算了使用不同密度钻井液时黄流组砂岩地层安全钻井周期。研究结果可用于指导蠕变性砂岩地层安全钻井及钻井液密度设计。     

板岩各向异性三轴蠕变特性的试验研究

为了研究板岩三轴蠕变特性,根据层理方向,对板岩进行0°和90°制备岩样,然后分别进行5 MPa、15 MPa和20 MPa围压的三轴蠕变试验。试验结果显示:围压和层理面是板岩蠕变的影响因素,围压越大,板岩的弹性模量和峰值强度越大。15 MPa围压下弹性模量和峰值强度各向异性度最大。同一围压下,平行层理面的峰值强度和弹性模量比垂直层理面的大。应力-应变曲线呈"厂"字形,板岩在低应力水平下蠕变很小,在临近破坏的高应力水平下有明显蠕变现象。围压越低,蠕变现象越明显,垂直层理面比平行层理面更易发生蠕变破坏。板岩每级加载都会出现瞬时应变且近似呈线性变化。板岩在最后一级加载下经历了初期蠕变、稳态蠕变和加速蠕变,在5 MPa和15 MPa围压下稳态蠕变期间有突变蠕变。板岩蠕变破裂形式主要沿层理面发生破坏,在低围压下附带张拉破坏,在高围压下附带剪切破坏。     

砂岩蠕变特性试验及三维非线性力学模型研究

为了描述岩石的蠕变力学行为,开展不同围压条件下的砂岩三轴压缩蠕变试验。研究表明：岩石稳定蠕变阶段是岩石微裂纹不断发育和扩展的过程,稳态蠕变速率与围压呈幂函数增长关系;砂岩在围压5 MPa、10 MPa和15 MPa下的长期强度分别为19.8 MPa、22.3 MPa和24.7 MPa,长期强度随围压的增强而递增。基于岩石蠕变的非线性特征,定义了一个与围压相关的黏弹性模量E（p）,经过推导变换得到了可反映岩石蠕变受时间和围压影响的E（p,t）,应用于改进后的Burgers模型,从而得到新的一维蠕变本构模型。将其拓展到三维应力状态,得到新的三维非线性力学模型,识别蠕变试验数据,对比分析预测效果,证明所建模型的可行性和合理性。研究成果为岩石三维应力状态下蠕变行为模拟提供一定参考。     

高应力泥质粉砂岩黏弹塑性蠕变模型

为揭示高应力作用下深埋硐室围岩的流变特性,采用分级增量加载方式对泥质粉砂岩进行三轴压缩蠕变实验,根据稳态蠕变速率与应力的关系,利用给定蠕变速率阈值确定岩石的长期强度;结合蠕变曲线特征,将瞬弹性、黏弹性、黏塑性应变分离,建立模型各参数与应力和时间的函数关系;根据损伤定义确定瞬弹性、黏弹性元件的损伤变量,并引入瞬弹性、黏弹性损伤变量和黏塑性修正系数对西原模型进行优化,提出一种可以描述高应力作用下岩石蠕变全过程的变参数模型。研究结果表明:稳态蠕变速率随应力增大呈指数增大,采用给定蠕变速率阈值求得岩石的长期强度为68.82 MPa,为单轴抗压强度的74.80%;基于黏弹塑性应变分离建立的蠕变模型能够很好地描述岩石蠕变全过程的非线性特征,且优化模型与实验数据拟合较好,证明了该蠕变模型的合理性。     

Y对高锌镁合金的拉伸蠕变行为的影响

采用扫描电镜,X射线衍射仪以及高温蠕变试验机等试验手段研究了Y含量对Mg-5.5Zn重力铸造镁合金抗蠕变性能和应力指数的影响.结果表明:随着Y含量的增加,Mg-5.5Zn合金中依次出现了Mg7Zn3,Mg3Zn6Y(I-相)和Mg3Zn3Y2(W-相)3种不同类型的强化相,而合金中第二相种类、体积分数发生变化,导致抗蠕变性不断提高.在同样的蠕变条件下,高熔点稀土相比低熔点Mg7Zn3相更能降低合金的稳态蠕变速率.Mg-5.5Zn-(0.7,1.5,3.5)Y(wt%)3种合金在175℃/50~60 MPa下的应力指数n分别为5.2,3.2和2.2,在200℃/50~60 MPa下应力指数n分别为11.0,3.8和2.9.Mg-5.5Zn-0.7Y合金在175℃/55 MPa和200℃/55 MPa条件下的蠕变机制分别为位错攀移和Power-Law方程失效.Mg-5.5Zn-(1.5,3.5)Y两种合金在175~200℃/50~60 MPa范围下的蠕变机制是位错粘滞运动.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to