信度网分类器

分类问题是人工智能中机器学习研究的一个重要问题,它在模式识别、故障诊断以及数据挖掘等领域有着广泛的应用。利用信度网可以构造出分类性能更好的分类器。文章着重探讨了Naive Bayes分类器,增强的Naive Bayes分类器和通用信度网分类器的构造方法,并分析比较了这三类分类器的优缺点。     

一种粗糙模糊神经网络分类器及其应用

提出了一种粗糙模糊神经网络分类器的模型。其过程为:利用粗糙集理论获取分类知识,根据训练样本建立决策表,进行决策表属性值离散化、属性约简和分类规则的提取;依据约简后决策表的属性、经模糊化处理的属性值及分类规则构造粗糙模糊神经网络分类器。该分类器可以有效地克服粗糙集规则匹配方法抗噪声能力和规则泛化能力差的缺点;同时可简化神经网络的结构,加快网络的训练速度。并详细介绍了该分类器用于汽车车牌字符识别的步骤和实验结果。     

基于MLER的语音/音乐分类方法

音频分类是音频信号处理中一项重要的预处理工作.该文描述了一种基于能量的分类方法,将音频信号分为语音和音乐2种类型.分类的过程分为3个阶段,首先计算优化低能量率MLER(modifiedlow energy ratio)作为特征,然后利用初级分类器得到初步分类的结果,最后利用音频类别的前后相关性,使用上下文分类器修正初始分类得到最终分类的结果.该文重点对MLER中参数的合理选取范围进行了讨论,并对传统的初始分类器作了改进,用非参数分类器和参数分类器代替原有的Bayes硬判决的方法,避免了由于门限选择不当所带来的分类错误.实验表明,使用参数分类器时,对纯语音和纯音乐分类效果很好,正确率达99％以上.     

基于RSBRA离散化方法的支持向量机集成

提出一种新的基于离散化方法的支持向量机集成算法,该算法采用粗糙集和布尔推理离散化方法构造有差异的基分类器,进一步提高了集成学习机的分类性能.实验结果表明,所提算法具有明显优于单一支持向量机的分类性能,并能取得比传统的集成学习算法Bagging和Adaboost更高的分类正确率.     

贝叶斯分类器的集成学习方法及其在图像标注中的应用

针对贝叶斯(Naive Bayes,NB)分类器的集成学习方法,研究如何提高分类器集成中各成员分类器之间的多样性,同时提高分类器系统准确率。实现方法是把训练集的所有属性特征划分特征子集,并处理所划分的属性特征子集,最后为每个成员分类器构造出不同的完整特征属性训练集。研究结果表明采用的NB集成方法(Ensemble ofNaive Bayes,ENB)提高了分类性能,把ENB机器学习方法应用到自动图像标注中也获得了很好的效果。     

基于局部优化具有连续变量的贝叶斯网络结构学习

概述了具有连续变量的贝叶斯网络结构学习存在的主要问题,给出了基于局部优化的具有连续变量的贝叶斯网络结构学习方法.通过构造局部最优回归模式、局部回归模式的条件组合及环路处理,建立了具有连续变量的贝叶斯网络结构,既可以避免复杂的结构打分运算及结构空间搜索,同时又不会出现由于离散化而导致过多的信息丢失及假依赖现象.     

UK心理测试自动分析系统的手写体数字识别

针对UK心理测试自动分析系统的手写体数字识别问题,提出了结构特征和统计特征相组合的三级分类方案.经过印刷体去除、二值化、作业量判别等预处理之后,一级分类器提取点、线、圆等结构特征并进行组合构造相应模板,然后采用粗细两阶段方案进行模板匹配;二级分类器提取区域模糊统计特征,构造了10个一对多的SVM分类器;三级分类器提取投影特征、笔划特征、Fourier变换特征等,然后利用RBF神经网络进行分类.实验表明该方法合理有效.     

基于粗糙集的增强学习型分类器

为了提高分类的精确度,提出一种基于粗糙集理论的增强学习型分类器。采用分割算法对训练数据集中连续的属性进行离散处理;利用粗糙集理论获取约简集,从中选择一个能提供最高分类精确度的约简。对于不同的测试数据,由于离散属性值的变化,相同的约简可能达不到最高的分类精确度。为克服此问题,改进了Q学习算法,使其全面系统地解决离散化和特征选择问题,因此不同的属性可以学习到最佳的分割值,使相应的约简产生最大分类精确度。实验结果表明．该分类器能达到98％的精确度．与其它分类器相比．表现出较好的性能。     

一种多分类的微博垃圾用户检测方法

针对微博多类垃圾用户的检测问题,设计了一种基于模糊多类支持向量机的垃圾用户检测方法。首先,采用一对多SVM(support vector machines)的构造思想来构造多分类器,并针对每类用户的分类器重新选择训练集;然后,利用构造好的训练集来训练多分类器,经过反复调整参数,得到5个用户分类器;最后,针对多分类器的不可分样本,采用模糊聚类来进行模糊处理,即在垂直于SVM的最优分类面上定义一个改进的隶属度函数,选择最大隶属度对样本进行再分类。实验结果表明,该方法在保证垃圾用户检测效果的前提下,可以解决多分类中存在的混分和漏分问题。     

一个基于粒子群算法的淋巴瘤形态参数分类器

对自适应粒子群算法引入变异算子,并对其进行改进,将其应用到淋巴瘤形态参数的分类问题上.主要讨论了基于粒子群算法的淋巴瘤形态参数分类器的编码、适应度函数的构造及分类器的设计.实验结果表明,该方法能有效地进行淋巴瘤细胞形态参数的分类.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.