融合视觉模型和最大熵的阈值分割算法

针对传统二维最大熵阈值分割算法关于二维直方图的区域划分中存在的缺点(即图像的部分目标点和背景点错误划分为边缘点或噪声点,而把部分边缘点和噪声点划分为目标点和背景点)以及搜索最佳阈值向量的时间复杂度较高的缺点,提出了采用视觉模型构造二维直方图,并提出了一种二维直方图的新的区域划分方法,同时还提出了基于视觉模型的二维最大熵阈值分割算法,提出的阈值分割算法降低了计算复杂度的同时还具有很好的分割性能。根据一些图像分割的定量评价标准,做了一系列实验,与几种典型的二维阈值分割算法相比,提出算法的分割效果更好。     

二维信息熵的红外图像分割算法

为了准确实现目标分割,提出将信息熵应用于红外图像的分割算法。对一般二维直方图最大熵进行推广,给出了外接4邻域直方图最大熵、灰度级-邻域灰度级绝对差直方图最大熵,以上3种二维信息熵算法均能有效地实现红外图像分割。引入属性直方图的概念,构造合适的属性集,先缩小目标的搜索范围,在此基础上运用信息熵进行目标分割,与单纯信息熵分割算法相比,得到的分割结果图中,目标的形状比较完整且引入的干扰较少。仿真结果表明该算法是有效的。     

基于视觉词袋模型的图像信息处理算法研究

研究一种基于视觉词袋模型的图像筛选与搜索优化算法以提高机器人闭环检测质量和降低图像信息处理量.首先,通过SURF算子提取图像中的特征信息,构建对应的视觉词袋模型,并形成视觉词袋直方图;其次,基于视觉词袋直方图计算获得对应的图像混合显著度,进而筛选出信息量丰富且可区分度大的图像,并组成待搜索图像集合;然后,从视觉词袋直方图中提取图像中的显著主要特征类组成集合,并用其近似替代图像的特征分布情况,以降低图像特征信息处理量,加快图像搜索速度.最后,仿真实验证明本文提出的图像筛选和搜索方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于二维灰度熵及混沌粒子群的图像阈值选取

为了同时考虑直方图的概率信息和类内灰度级的均匀性,提出了基于灰度级-梯度二维直方图的Shannon灰度熵及Tsallis灰度熵阈值选取方法.给出了Shannon灰度熵和Tsallis灰度熵的定义及其一维阈值选取方法,导出了二维Shannon灰度熵及Tsallis灰度熵阈值选取公式及其快速递推算法,并利用混沌粒子群算法寻求两种阈值选取方法的最佳阈值.实验结果表明,与基于改进的二维最大熵及粒子群递推的阈值选取方法相比,所提出方法的分割图像能更准确地反映原始图像的边缘、纹理及细节信息.     

基于视觉侧抑制机理的强鲁棒性图像分割方法

针对光照强度和图像退化的算法鲁棒性问题,提出一种基于视觉侧抑制机理的强鲁棒性图像分割新算法.该算法充分考虑到人眼视觉侧抑制机理“加强中心抑制周围”的特点,在范围一定的抑制野内,采用双高斯强度系数分布的减法非循环侧抑制网络模型描述神经元兴奋的变化量,与交叉视觉皮质模型相结合形成侧抑制-交叉视觉皮质模型.在此改进模型基础上,利用灰度级-邻域平均灰度级二维直方图将一维交叉熵推广至二维,进而构造出二维最小交叉熵分割判决准则以寻求最优阈值.研究结果表明:针对受噪图像,新算法的分割准则充分利用二维交叉熵增加了图像的局部空间信息,从而取得良好的抗噪结果;针对光照不均和模糊退化的图像,改进分割模型加入视觉侧抑制网络,使得新算法具有较强对比度和亮度适应性以及模糊补偿能力,能够获得精确的分割效果.     

基于改进的空间金字塔词袋模型的图像分类算法研究

基于空间金字塔词袋模型的图像分类算法相比于传统的词袋模型的图像分类算法的准确率有了一定的提高,仍无法满足实际的高标准图像分类的需求。为此提出了一种基于改进的空间金字塔词袋模型的图像分类算法,即使用轮盘法的改进的K-means聚类方法和支持向量机的直方图交叉核函数。分别优化改善了K-means聚类算法的聚类容易陷于局部最优的缺陷和支持向量机使用径向基核函数可能产生非常严重的过拟合问题。通过仿真验证了基于改进的空间金字塔词袋模型的图像分类算法的准确率明显高于原基于空间金字塔词袋模型的图像的分类算法。     

基于图像二值化的柔性机构振动非接触测量方法

 针对目前机器视觉方法对柔性机构振动进行非接触测量时其结果易受环境干扰等问题，提出一种基于图像二值化的最大类间方差算法的非接触视觉测量方法。首先分析传统二维最大类间方差算法的错分与计算复杂等缺陷，采用二维直方图分块法和可变步长迭代法对传统二维最大类间方差算法进行改进，然后以Lena图像和柔性机械臂为例分别进行了仿真分析和振动位移测量实验验证。结果显示，基于改进二维最大类间方差算法的非接触视觉测量方法显著提高了图像分割效果，分割时间仅为传统二维最大类间方差算法的约10%；以仿真分析得到的柔性机械臂末端振动位移为评判标准进行测量准确性比较，基于改进二维最大类间方差算法的测量结果明显优于传统二维最大类间方差法和压电法，证明了基于图像二值化的最大类间方差算法的柔性机构振动非接触视觉测量方法的可行性和可靠性。     

基于极坐标系下二维直方图的图像分割算法

基于二维直方图的图像分割算法存在明显误分,且利用二维Renyi熵求解最佳阈值计算量过大.为解决这些问题,提出基于极坐标系下二维直方图的图像分割算法.首先,将图像各像素点表示在极坐标系中,根据各点的极角区分噪声点和非噪声点;然后对噪声点进行平滑处理,处理之后图像各像素点都集中在极坐标系中极角为45°的极径附近.由于滤噪后各像素点的极角差别很小,所以仅利用各点的极径信息即可进行分割阈值的选取,由此将二维问题转化为一维问题,以减少计算量.实验结果表明,该算法分割效果良好,尤其适用于受噪声污染较严重的图片,而且与传统二维算法及其改进算法相比,运行速度有很大提高.     

基于二维灰度直方图的最小模糊熵分割方法

本文在一维最大模糊熵分割方法的基础上，根据图像目标和背景内部像素灰度值的一致性和集中性，提出了一种新的图像分割隶属度函数，从而得到最小模糊熵分割方法．本文还针对传统的基于一维灰度直方图的模糊熵分割方法不能反应图像的空间信息，抗噪声能力差的缺点，提出了基于二维灰度直方图的模糊熵分割算法．本实验结果证明，最小模糊熵分割方法对于某些图像的分割效果要好于最大模糊熵分割效果，而二维分割方法对于绝大多数图像，都具有很强的鲁棒性和抗噪能力，分割效果明显优于一维的方法，而且方便地推广到其他的一维熵分割方法中。     

二维最大类间交叉熵阈值分割法

目的 研究了基于类间交叉熵的二维阈值分割算法及其抗噪性能.方法 通过采用交叉熵方法 来描述二维直方图中的目标区域和背景区域之间像素信息的差异程度,构造了一种基于最大类间分离性程度的图像分割新方法 .结果 结果 仿真证明该分割方法 的有效性和抑制噪声的能力.结论 在有噪声的图像中,新分割方法 相比传统一维最小交叉熵具有更强的抗噪性能,并且在分割性能和时间花费上都优于二雏最小类内交叉熵分割法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the