针形纳米氢氧化镍的制备及其对镍氢电池性能的影响

以吐温-80为分散剂,在超声波容器中采用沉淀法制备出了氢氧化镍。研究了反应体系在不同PH值下对粉体密度的影响,用XRD和TEM对样品进行了表征,将制得的纳米氢氧化镍与市售微米级球镍以6%的比例混合制成模拟电极并测试其电化学性能,结果表明所制备的材料为纳米级β-Ni(OH)2,微观形貌为针形,且复合模拟电极的放电容量达到256.7 mAh/g,比纯球镍电极提高11%。     

纳米级氢氧化镍与微米级球形氢氧化镍性能比较

为开发高容量、高循环性能镍氢电池,分别使用共沉淀法和固相沉淀转化法,合成了微米级球形氢氧化镍和纳米级氢氧化镍,并对其结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行了对比研究.XRD谱图分析、充放电以及循环伏安测试结果表明,纳米级氢氧化镍比微米级球形氢氧化镍具有更高的电化学活性,而微米级球形氢氧化镍在可逆性、电极循环寿命方面比纳米级氢氧化镍具有更为优越的性能.纳米级氢氧化镍与微米级球形氢氧化镍掺杂使用可收到较好的效果.当纳米级氢氧化镍以质量分数为8%与微米级氢氧化镍掺杂使用时,放电容量提高了约9.6%,同时电极循环性能也得到了一定提高.     

覆镍硅微通道板用于三维超级电容器的研究

采用无电镀方法在硅微通道板上制备镍,然后进一步通过化学液相沉积法,在其上面制备了氢氧化镍纳米晶体,获得了一种具有独特三维结构的Si-MCP/Ni/Ni(OH)2超级电容器.研究发现,制得的氢氧化镍晶体由许多纳米薄片组成,XRD图谱显示其具备α和β两种晶型.通过循环伏安和计时电位法对该超级电容器进行了性能测试.在放电电流为10 mA时,样品获得最大放电比容量,为2 150 F/g.在多次循环测试中,样品的稳定性良好.随着退火温度的升高,样品的容量下降.研究发现氢氧化镍的表面积减小是导致容量衰减的主要原因.由于该电容器有着巨大的比容量和良好的稳定性,该三维结构有望应用于二次电源和相关器件中.     

纳米α-Al2O3的制备及其对HMX热感度的影响

采用模板介入法制备了纳米级α-Al2O3,对制得的样品的尺寸、形貌和晶型等使用纳米粒度仪、透射电镜（TEM）以及X射线衍射仪（XRD）进行分析测试，将纳米仅α-Al2O3按2．0wt％加入奥克托今（HMX）中，对混合物进行慢烤实验．结果表明样品为粒度分布均匀、分散性很好的仅α-Al2O3，在密度为1．62g／cm^3，升温速率为3℃／Min条件下，添加纳米仅α-Al2O3，的HMX的自加速拐点温度提前10℃，混合炸药的热感度提高，纳米仅α-Al2O3，对HMX具有催化作用．     

超临界流体干燥法制备纳米级α-Fe2O3粉

以廉价的无机盐为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶法（Sol-Gel)结合超临界流体干燥（SCFD）技术制备纳米级Fe2O3粉，并通过XRD，TEM测试技术对所得样品进行分析。研究结果表明，采用该法，可制得分散性好的红色纳米级α-Fe2O3粉，且制备成本低，工艺简单。     

可控电化学沉积制备纳米碳纤维电极

提出了一种简单制备纳米级碳纤维电极的新方法．微米级碳纤维经电化学刻蚀后，用循环伏安扫描法电化学沉积电泳漆，再经烘烤，绝缘漆固化收缩后露出纳米级的碳纤维尖端，通过再次电化学沉积可缩小电极面积，从而制得可控直径的纳米电极．该法可克服传统电泳漆固化后易留下小针孔的缺陷．用铁氰化钾溶液表征，确定了纳米碳纤维电极的有效面积，制得的纳米碳纤维电极的半径为几十到几百纳米。     

纳米TiO2玻璃膜的制备与表征

以钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇为原料，加硝酸银引入银离子，采用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍提拉法在玻璃表面施涂膜层，控制提拉速度6cm／min，经500℃热处理，制得均匀透明的多孔纳米TiO2玻璃．通过对样品XRD、SEM等分析的研究，二氧化钛薄膜主要呈锐钛矿相，而且其纳米颗粒大小在50-100nm范围．以大肠杆菌为菌种，对样品进行抗菌测试结果表明：银的抗菌机理为银离子接触抗菌，添加少量银离子，薄膜即有良好的抗菌能力．透光率分析表明纳米TiO2玻璃的透光性较好，在可见光范围内相对于普通玻璃的透光率在65％以上。     

纳米CaCO3改性丙烯酸涂料的研制

为了制备纳米CaCO3复合涂料，采用正交试验法研究了经不同改性剂改性制得的纳米CaCO3粉体在丙烯酸树脂中的分散工艺，制备了纳米CaCO3复合丙烯酸树脂浆液．探讨了不同纳米CaCO3和不同分散剂及其用量和丙烯酸树脂用量等因素对纳米CaCO3在丙烯酸树脂中分散性的影响，并优化出了最佳分散工艺条件：适合于在丙烯酸树脂中分散的纳米CaCO3是WO-12，丙烯酸树脂、纳米CaCO3和分散剂BYK-110质量配比为16：16．7：1．考察了纳米CaCO3复合丙烯酸浆液的贮存稳定性，并用TEM对其分散状态进行了表征．结果表明，优化条件下制得的浆液稳定性好，且纳米CaCO3在其中为纳米级分散．用该浆液制成的纳米复合涂料，与传统涂料相比其耐光性、耐水性、自洁性和贮存稳定性等显著改善．最后，用SEM对涂料进行了表征．图2，表5，参8     

电化学制氢联产球形氢氧化镍的研究

水电解制氢的同时,阳极电解生成副产品氢氧化镍,该工艺制氢电耗约为2.5 kW.h。研究了电解质浓度、氢氧化镍沉淀浓度等对电解电压和电流效率的影响,并对影响氢氧化镍振实密度的主要因素包括电流密度、温度、搅拌速度、滤饼含水量、烘干温度等进行了分析,从而得出了最佳实验条件。X射线衍射、原子力显微镜等表征结果表明,制得的氢氧化镍为β型,形状呈椭球形,粒度分布比较均匀。     

电化学制氢联产球形氢氧化镍的研究

水电解制氢的同时,阳极电解生成副产品氢氧化镍,该工艺制氢电耗约为2.5 kW·h.研究了电解质浓度、氢氧化镍沉淀浓度等对电解电压和电流效率的影响,并对影响氢氧化镍振实密度的主要因素包括电流密度、温度、搅拌速度、滤饼含水量、烘干温度等进行了分析,从而得出了最佳实验条件.X射线衍射、原子力显微镜等表征结果表明,制得的氢氧化镍为β型,形状呈椭球形,粒度分布比较均匀.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.