留兰香挥发油化学成分的研究

利用气相色谱 质谱对留兰香的挥发油成分进行了研究 ,共鉴定出了 6 6种组分 .其中主要组分为 :香芹酮、柠檬烯、二氢香芹酮、桉油素、β -蒎烯、香芹乙酸酯、α -蒎烯、反 -石竹烯、顺式香芹酮、β -水芹烯、香芹醇、β -波旁烯、α -萜品醇等。其中香芹酮的含量最高 ,占挥发油总量的 5 9.5 8% ,柠檬烯含量为 13.31% ,二氢香芹酮含量为 8.85 %。三种成分占总挥发成分的 81.74 %。检出成分占挥发油总量的 95 .4 8%。     

云南拟单性木兰精油化学成分的研究

用GC/MS方法 ,对云南拟单性木兰 (ParakmeriayunnanensisHu)精油进行了定性定量分析 ,鉴定出 37个化合物。其主要成分为α 蒎烯 (4 98% )、β 蒎烯 (18 5 6 % )、月桂烯 (7 5 2 % )、α 水芹烯 (2 6 1% )、对聚伞花素(1 5 6 % )、柠檬烯 (3 0 3% )、1,8 桉叶素 (4 40 % )、芳樟醇 (7 92 % )、松油 4 醇 (1 76 % )、香叶醇 (3 16 % )、β 石竹烯 (5 98% )、α 石竹烯 (3 2 2 % )、δ 杜松烯 (3 5 9% )等 ,这些成分多为药用有效成分     

纽荷尔脐橙(Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)厌氧保存过程中挥发性风味物质组成变化（英文）

采用预浓缩系统与气相色谱质谱联用技术分析检测纽荷尔脐橙在实验室控制厌氧条件下保存90天过程中释放出来的挥发性风味物质组成变化.结果表明,纽荷尔脐橙厌氧保存过程中含氧化合物和萜烯化合物两类挥发性风味物质组成比例变化明显,含硫化合物变化不明显.在尚未保存前,纽荷尔脐橙释放出来的挥发性风味物质主要是含氧化合物和萜烯化合物两类化合物,其中柠檬烯、乙醇、β-月桂烯、桧烯、α-蒎烯,乙醛和蒈烯是最主要的成分.在保存的前6天,由于柠檬烯、β-月桂烯、桧烯、α-蒎烯和蒈烯5种化合物大量减少导致萜烯类化合物比例随时间急剧下降,同时由于甲醇、乙醇和乙酸乙酯3种化合物大量增加使得含氧化合物比例随时间急剧升高,成为最主要的挥发性风味物质.在保存6天以后到实验结束,萜烯类化合物比例随时间逐渐增高,而含氧化合物比列随时间逐渐降低.特别值得注意的是纽荷尔脐橙保存过程中有24种含氧化合物是新生成的,其中最主要是2-丁醇和乙酸甲酯.     

纽荷尔脐橙(Citrus sinensis(L.)Osbeck)厌氧保存过程中挥发性风味物质组成变化

采用预浓缩系统与气相色谱质谱联用技术分析检测纽荷尔脐橙在实验室控制厌氧条件下保存90天过程中释放出来的挥发性风味物质组成变化.结果表明,纽荷尔脐橙厌氧保存过程中含氧化合物和萜烯化合物两类挥发性风味物质组成比例变化明显,含硫化合物变化不明显.在尚未保存前,纽荷尔脐橙释放出来的.挥发性风味物质主要是含氧化合物和萜烯化合物两类化合物,其中柠檬烯、乙醇、β-月桂烯、桧烯、α-蒎烯,乙醛和蒈烯是最主要的成分.在保存的前6天,由于柠檬烯、β-月桂烯、桧烯、α-蒎烯和蒈烯5种化合物大量减少导致萜烯类化合物比例随时间急剧下降,同时由于甲醇、乙醇和乙酸乙酯3种化合物大量增加使得含氧化合物比例随时间急剧升高,成为最主要的挥发性风味物质.在保存6天以后到实验结束,萜烯类化合物比例随时间逐渐增高,而含氧化合物比列随时间逐渐降低.特别值得注意的是纽荷尔脐橙保存过程中有24种含氧化合物是新生成的,其中最主要是2-丁醇和乙酸甲酯.     

清香木叶与黄连木叶挥发油化学成分的对比

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法(SD)提取清香木叶和黄连木叶挥发油;用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对清香木叶和黄连木叶挥发油进行了化学成分的对比研究。鉴定出清香木叶挥发油的28种化合物和黄连木叶挥发油的59种化合物,分别占挥发油总质量的99.54%和83.71%。清香木叶和黄连木叶挥发油都含萜烯类化合物,但清香木叶挥发油以芳香族、萜烯类和酮类化合物为主,三类化合物约占其挥发油质量的95.2%,黄连木叶挥发油以烷烃类、醇类、萜烯类、芳香类和酮类化合物为主,五类化合物约占其挥发油质量的74.2%。     

西双版纳地区三叶橡胶树异戊二烯和单萜烯排放机理初步研究

对云南省西双版纳地区三叶橡胶（Hevea brasiliensis（H.B.K）Muell.-Arg）异戊二烯和单萜烯排放的研究发现,三叶橡胶排放很少量的异戊二烯（排放速率大约0～1μgC·g^-1h^-1）,而排放大量的单萜烯（排放速率大约10～100μgC·g^-1h^-1）。造成这种排放特征的原因可能是橡胶树树叶叶绿体中合成异戊二烯所必需的异戊二烯合成酶（Isoprene Synthase）缺乏所致。     

黄连木树皮挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法从黄连木树皮中提取挥发油,利用GC-MS联用仪对挥发油的化学成分进行分析,共分离到9个化合物,占挥发油总量的96.236%。黄连木树皮挥发油主要成分是三环烯(0.475%)、α-蒎烯(15.589%)、莰烯(0.890%)、β-蒎烯(8.498%)、柠檬烯(0.321%)、马鞭烯醇(2.439%)、马鞭烯酮(2.085%)、棕榈酸(4.217%)、亚油酸(61.722%)。     

德兴牡荆挥发油化学成分的研究

本文用气相色谱、气相色谱—质谱—计算机、红外光谱等方法研究了牡荆挥发油的化学成分。在已分析的116个成分中鉴定了其中的26个化合物,占总量的96.53％。它们是α—蒎烯,莰烯,桧烯,β—蒎烯,α—水芹烯,对一伞花烃,1,8—按叶油素,β—水芹烯,芳樟醇,橙花醛,香叶醛,乙酸龙脑酯,β—榄香烯β—石竹烯,α—和β—愈创木烯,δ—及α—榄香烯,β—金合欢烯,环氧石竹烯,橙花叔醇,石竹烯醇—1,金合欢醇,β—按叶油醇,β—甜没药醇以及柏木脑。其中β—石竹烯含量达39.55％。     

黔产石南藤挥发油化学成分的研究

用同时蒸馏萃取法提取贵州产石南藤挥发油,利用GC-MS对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定,用气相色谱面积归一法测定了各成分的相对百分含量.共分离出72种成分,鉴定出57个化学成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油色谱总峰面积的90.71%.其主要成分为萜类化合物,主要有:α-桉叶醇、香桧烯、γ-桉叶醇、δ-荜澄茄烯、β-丁香烯、4-松油醇、二环大根香叶烯、榧烯醇、β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯、α-松油烯、橄榄醇、α-蒎烯、(-)-β-榄香烯等.     

α-蒎烯水合反应动力学研究

以强酸性阳离子大孔交换树脂Lewatit2620为催化剂,催化α-蒎烯水合反应,获得主要产物α-松油醇.在催化反应中,部分α-蒎烯发生异构化反应,生成单环萜烯,影响松油醇的收率.在搅拌釜反应器内分别考察了催化剂种类、溶剂种类、催化剂用量、反应物配比、温度及反应时间对α-蒎烯转化率和α-松油醇收率的影响.结果表明,优化反应条件为:催化剂用量为每克总液体炉料使用催化剂0.20g,m(α-蒎烯)∶m(水)∶m(溶剂y)=1∶0.13∶2,反应温度333.15K,反应时间4h,此时α-蒎烯转化率为98%,松油醇的收率为36%.本文建立拟均相(PH)模型来研究α-蒎烯直接水合反应的动力学,并估算出动力学参数,通过模型得到的计算值与实验值是吻合的,故PH模型适用于α-蒎烯的直接水合反应.用准一级动力学模型确定了各反应的反应速率常数的表达式.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…