烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

人工闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中Cu2+的催化机理研究

The potential autoclave was used to study the catalytic mechanism of Cu2+ during the oxygen pressure leaching process of artificial sphalerite. By studying the potential change of the system at different temperatures and the SEM–EDS difference of the leaching residues, it was found that in the temperature range of 363–423 K, the internal Cu2+ formed a CuS deposit on the surface of sphalerite, which hindered the leaching reaction, resulting in a zinc leaching rate of only 51.04%. When the temperature exceeds 463 K, the system potential increases steadily. The increase in temperature leads to the dissolution of the CuS, which is beneficial to the circulation catalysis of Cu2+. At this time, the leaching rate of Zn exceeds 95%. In addition, the leaching kinetics equations at 363–423 and 423–483 K were established. The activation energy of zinc leaching at 363–423 and 423–483 K is 38.66 and 36.25 kJ/mol, respectively, and the leaching process is controlled by surface chemical reactions.     

超声振动辅助钨极惰性气体焊接异种金属 316L 和 L415

Ultrasonic vibration assisted tungsten inert gas welding was applied to joining stainless steel 316L and low alloy high strength steel L415. The effect of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint of 316L and L415 was systematically investigated. The microstructures of both heat affected zones of L415 and weld metal were substantially refined, and the clusters of δ ferrite in traditional tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld were changed to a dispersive distribution via the ultrasonic vibration. The ultrasonic vibration promoted the uniform distribution of elements and decreased the micro-segregation tendency in the weld. With the application of ultrasonic vibration, the average tensile strength and elongation of the joint was improved from 613 to 650 MPa and from 16.15% to 31.54%, respectively. The content of Σ3 grain boundaries around the fusion line zone is higher and the distribution is more uniform in the ultrasonic vibration assisted welded joint compared with the traditional one, indicating an excellent weld metal crack resistance.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

关键层理论在保水开采中的应用

在绿色开采思想的指导下,对关键层理论在保水开采中的应用进行了分析。通过算例讨论了三者的关系并分析了岩层变形一渗流耦合系统的复杂性特征,提出应用复杂系统动力学理论解释突水机制的初步设想。研究表明,在承载关键层破断前,承载关键层同时也是保水关键层;在承载关键层破断后,不再具有隔水作用,而保水关键层此时由渗流关键层充当;如果承载关键层破断,并且渗流关键层不存在,则会发生突水现象。岩层变形一渗流耦合动力学系统是具有时变边界、非线性、非均匀性和非连续性等特征的复杂系统。将复杂系统动力学引入突水防治理论研究,可以从本质上描述突水的过程。     

抗滴虫药1—（2—乙基磺酰基乙基）—2—甲基—5—硝基咪唑的合成

文中报道了一种抗滴虫药物1-(2-乙基磺酰基乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑[即替硝唑,(1)]的简便合成方法。该方法以2-甲基-5-硝基味唑(5)为原料,(5)与β-羟基乙基乙硫醚(4)在酸催化下缩合生成1-(2-乙硫基乙基)-2-甲基-5-硝基味唑(6),过量的2-甲基-5-硝基咪唑可回收利用,(6)经过氧化氢氧化生成替硝唑。     

3,5—二溴—PADAP分光光度法测定SCN~-离子的研究

本文研究了在酸性介质中,用3,5-二溴—PADAP作显色剂与IO_3~-和SCN~-离子形成深兰色配合物,其表现摩尔吸光系数为2.7×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),提供了测定微量SCN~-离子的新方法,并用于唾液和尿液中SCN~-含量的测定。     

几种新型手性(Z)-2-乙酰氨基-3-芳基丙烯酸类化合物的合成

以乙酰甘氨酸和苯甲醛及其衍生物为原料，合成了一系列含碳碳双键的前手性底物：（Z）-2-乙酰氨基苯丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（对-甲氧苯基）-丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（对-氯苯基）-丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（间-氯苯基）-丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（间-硝基苯基）-丙烯酸。后4种是新的有机化合物。产物经过核磁共振、质谱分析表明是正确的。     

3-溴-4-羟基苯甲醛的制备

以工业对羟基苯甲醛和溴素为原料，CHCl3为溶剂高收率地制备了一溴醛。一溴醛收率94，5％，二溴醛收率5．5％，溶剂CHCl3之回收率为98％。     

一种改进的依替唑仑合成方法

依替唑仑是-种在临床上应用较为广泛的镇静、催眠、抗抑郁药。以2-氨基-3-（2-氯苯甲酰）-5-乙基噻吩（I）为原料,经氯乙酰化,再在乙醇中与乌洛托品环合,制得关键中间体（Ⅲ）。中间体（Ⅲ）经硫化、环合反应制得依替唑仑（V）,4步反应总收率为56．4％。改进后的反应具有合成路线短、条件温和、操作简便、收率高等优点。     

（R）-5-二苯甲基-2-苯基-5，6-二氢嗯唑并[2，3-c][1，2，4]-2-三唑盐酸盐的合成

设计了用于催化不对称安息香缩合的手性卡宾催化剂（1）．以L-丝氨酸为起始原料,经过七步反应合成了其前体（月）-5-二苯甲基-2-苯基-5,6-二氢嗯唑并[2,3-c][1,2,4]-2-三唑盐酸盐（9）．     

新显色剂3—氯—4—(4—甲基—2—胂酸基苯基重氮氨基)偶氮苯的合成及其光度性能的研究

本文报道了新显色剂3-氯-4-(4-甲基-2-胂酸基苯基重氮氨基)偶氮苯的合成、纯化及结构分析。并且研究了该试剂与Cd、Hg等离子的显色反应。研究结果表明:在弱碱性介质中,有非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100的存在下,该试剂与Cd~(2+)、Hg~(2+)的显色反应具有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性,可望该试剂在这些离子的光度测定中获得应用。     

苯并-P-胺基-2-磷杂-1,3-二氧杂环己烷协同下钯催化的Suzuki-Miyaura反应

以廉价、易得的三氯化磷、仲胺、2-羟基苯甲醇为原料,合成了6种多功能苯并-P-胺基-2-磷杂-1,3-二氧杂环己烷类亚磷酰胺配体。在温和条件下,将其应用到钯催化的Suzuki-Miyaura偶联反应中。配体L4表现出了较好的活性,产物的最大分离收率达到了93%。     

L-smooth半预开集与L-smooth半预不定映射

以文献[5]为基础，在L—smooth拓扑空间中定义了r-半预开集、r-半预闭集、r-半预内部、r-半预闭包，研究了它们的一些基本性质；同时，引入了L—smooth半预不定映射、L-smooth半预不定开映射、L—smooth半预不定闭映射及L—smooth半预不定同构映射的概念，给出了它们的等价刻画，并系统的讨论了它们之间的关系，推广了已有的结果。