盾构隧道同步注浆纵环向整体扩散理论模型

针对目前现有的盾尾同步注浆扩散模型以浆液纵环向流动相互独立为前提,未考虑浆液流动的关联性问题,基于Bingham流体本构模型和流体力学原理,分析盾构隧道同步注浆扩散模式机理,建立了盾尾同步注浆纵环向整体扩散理论模型。基于时空离散概念,设计求解该理论模型的数值算法。结合工程实例,对理论模型和数值算法进行了验证,并与现有的环向独立扩散模型计算结果进行对比和分析。分析结果表明:纵环向整体扩散模型相较于环向扩散模型,改进了假定条件,不需引入环饼厚度等敏感假定参数,更加贴近工程实际情况;浆液压力整体上呈现着上小下大重力主导的趋势,竖向梯度约为16 kPa·m~(-1),而在注浆孔附近局部区域浆液压力分布较为复杂,与注浆孔位、浆液流动方向以及注浆压力与环境压力之间的压力差等因素有关。     

异形盾构同步注浆运动模式SPH模拟及试验验证

借助光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法对异形盾构同步注浆的整体填充规律和局部扩散模式进行数值模拟,分析浆液颗粒的细观运动机制.为了验证数值模拟的合理性,采用含有机玻璃材料和拍摄仪器的可视化大型模型试验重现浆液在异形空间中的实时流淌过程,并结合试验结果对比验证.研究表明:浆液的扩散模式具有纵环向相互关联的挤压填充性流动特征,盾尾肩顶部注浆扩散面较为均匀,拱腰靠侧壁附近浆液有明显的上升通道,底部出浆口处浆液挤压淤积严重.     

沉管隧道基础压浆垫层粗糙度的影响效应

通过模型试验,研究了压浆法进行沉管隧道基础处理过程中,采用粒径为2、5和10 mm的垫层材料时,单孔注浆和双孔同步注浆的浆液扩散情况以及注浆量和注浆压力的变化规律.结果表明：当垫层材料粒径较大时,浆液扩散速度较快;随着垫层材料粒径增大,基础填充密实所需压浆量增加;垫层材料粒径较大时,注浆压力的波动范围较大,注浆泵不易操纵,浆液盘易出现方向性扩散.根据试验结果,选择垫层材料的粒径时,可综合考虑扩散速度、注浆量和压力等控制因素.
     

大直径泥水盾构复合地层速凝浆液的同步注入技术

在大直径泥水盾构施工中,由于大断面隧道所承受的浮力大和泥水对浆液的稀释及通过富水复合地层等不利条件,同步注浆效果大受影响.本文结合正在施工的盾构隧道施工情况进行研究分析,通过对盾构原有注浆设备和管路优化改造,由传统的同步注入单液水泥砂浆改造为同步注入复合浆液,达到了同步注入速凝浆液的目的,并通过在施工中加强过程控制和采取辅助措施,解决了因同步注浆效果差造成的管片上浮及开裂等技术难题,取得了很好的效果.     

盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液时变半球面扩散模型

在假定注浆浆液为粘度时变性流体且浆液沿半球面扩散的前提下,应用达西定律对盾构管片注浆扩散半径及浆液对管片产生的压力进行了理论推导,得到了浆液扩散半径及对管片产生的压力的计算式.通过具体实例,对比分析了考虑浆液粘度时变性和不考虑浆液粘度时变性2种条件下注浆压力、注浆时间、浆液初始粘度、土体渗透系数对浆液扩散半径及浆液压力的影响,得到了浆液压力的分布形式.分析结果表明,注浆压力和土体渗透系数较大且注浆时间较长时,浆液的粘度时变性对浆液扩散范围和压力的影响显著;可通过调整注浆压力、注浆时间、浆液特性来调整注浆效果.     

坡度对沉管隧道压浆法基础处理浆液扩散特性的影响

针对砂石垫层的不平整或沉管隧道本身走向设计引起的坡度变化,采用压浆法进行小比例模型试验,研究在不同坡度条件下单孔注浆、双孔同步注浆时的浆液扩散情况.结果表明,带纵坡注浆时,沿纵坡下坡方向的扩散速度明显大于沿上坡方向的扩散速度,即水下混合砂浆的流动受到重力加速度的影响显著,出现向低处先行扩散流动的趋势,而且当坡度较大时,沿上、下坡方向扩散速度的差异更加明显.在施工过程中,应首先在最低位置注浆孔注浆,然后,沿坡度向上依次注浆,以避免出现基础处理填充不密实的情况.
     

基于渗率效应的可压缩智能同步注浆材料扩散机理研究

目前同步注浆材料采用水泥砂浆作为注浆材料，注浆和固结过程中浆液在土体中渗透，导致浆液体积减少，若后续注浆不及时，极易造成盾尾间隙注浆不密实。而轻质智能同步注浆材料含气泡，其具有压缩“弹性”，随着浆体的固结卸荷，虽然有部分浆体扩散，但浆体在盾尾间隙中体积保持不变，保证了同步注浆密实度。研究了轻质智能同步注浆材料密度与压力的映射关系，建立了轻质智能同步注浆材料压缩理论模型。定性分析了轻质智能同步注浆材料高密实度注浆原理。针对轻质智能同步注浆材料成分特征，建立了基于渗滤效应的可压缩智能同步注浆材料的固结扩散机理。研究表明：可压缩同步注浆材料随着压力增大，浆液体积逐渐减小，通过实验验证，轻质材料压力-密度曲线可变参数与气泡含量具有较强的相关性。地层渗透系数对浆体固结扩散距离具有显著影响，地层渗透系数越大，轻质智能同步注浆材料固结扩散距离受土体力学性质影响越显著。     

固结-注浆等因素影响下的盾构沉降数值模拟分析

盾构施工引起的地表工后沉降受到包括土体应力变化、超孔隙水压力、注浆压力以及浆液弹模等多种因素的影响.利用应力传递理论计算出假定扰动区内的超孔隙水压力分布.基于牛顿体理论对浆液在盾尾的扩散形式进行理论分析,求得注浆压力的环向分布情况;借助试验研究了浆液弹模的时变性和注浆压力消散稳定情况.结合有限元软件对工后沉降进行模拟,计算了工后前90d左右的地表沉降值,分析了扰动度、注浆压力、浆体弹性模量对工后地表沉降的影响.算例模拟结果显示与实际情况十分吻合.     

全风化花岗岩地层单-双液浆加固试验研究

针对全风化花岗岩注浆治理工程中的浆液选型及注浆参数调控问题,通过注浆模拟试验,对水泥浆液和水泥-水玻璃浆液(C-S浆液)2种浆液的加固效果进行对比分析研究。研究结果表明,单-双液浆在地层中均以劈裂扩散为主,但扩散模式具有显著差异:水泥浆液呈直线式和放射式2种,其主控因素为水灰比;而C-S浆液的扩散模式主要为放射式和网络式,扩散模式受水灰比和注浆压力双因素影响。2种浆液注入地层后,加固体试样抗压强度、抗崩解性均显著增高,根据对加固效果的作用关系可将水灰比分为注浆压力作用区(水灰比为0.80～1.13)和C-S浆液优势区(水灰比为1.13～1.50),水泥浆液多适用于深部高压加固区,C-S浆液多适用于浅部低压加固区。在满足注浆工程要求前提下,C-S浆液加固体压缩可变形性和残余强度比水泥浆液加固体的高,加固地层更为稳定。通过工程现场验证,研究成果对类似地层的注浆加固治理具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

大直径泥水盾构下穿地铁挡墙路基沉降控制

为研究泥水盾构双洞先后下穿施工影响下既有挡墙式路基的沉降控制措施,依托京沈客专望京双洞盾构隧道施工下穿北京机场线路基工程,通过分析现场监测数据及盾构施工参数,在阐明了路基的沉降规律基础上,总结了控制沉降的盾构施工参数调控和注浆加固、沉降补偿的经验.研究结果表明:掘进各参数间、泥浆各参数间的关联密切;合理且较高的顶推力和泥水压力、较高比重和黏度的浆液可确保在地层扰动小的情况下盾构快速通过穿越段;理论注浆量2.5倍的同步注浆量和大于泥水仓压力0.15～0.2 MPa的注浆压力可确保盾尾建筑空隙充填密实;地表预注浆充分改良加固了地层、适度抬升了路基,注浆压力1.2 MPa的地表跟踪注浆及时有效地抑制、补偿了路基沉降,注浆压力1.2 MPa和速度100 L/min的隧洞内加强注浆减小了路基工后沉降.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to