微波辐射合成己二酸二乙酯

推荐一个基础有机化学实验一微波辐射合成己二酸二乙酯,即利用微波辐射技术,在常压下以己二酸和无水乙醇为原料快速合成己二酸二乙酯;考察了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、催化剂用量及反应物料比对反应产率的影响。结果表明：用微波替代传统加热后,能显著缩短酯化反应时间,提高合成效率。学生实验最佳方案为：以0．3mL浓硫酸为催化剂、微波辐射功率700W、反应时间10min、酸醇比为1：8时,己二酸二乙酯的产率为90．2％。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成环丙烷氨基酸

以KOH-K2CO3作碱,Al2O3为外溶,以四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）为相转移催化剂,采用微波辐射干反应技术实现醛亚胺PhCH=NCH2CO2Et与1,2-二溴乙烷的串联烷基化反应,最佳反应条件为：醛亚胺3mmol,二溴乙烷5.7mmol,TBAB0.6mmol,KOH7mmol,K2CO314mmol,以Al2O3作外浴,微波辐射功率240W,微波辐射时间1min,产率56%。     

4，4＇-二甲酰基-α，ω-二苯氧基烷烃的微波干法催化合成

在相转移催化剂PEG-400和K2CO3固体碱存在下，利用微波辐射，α，ω-二卤代烷烃与对羟基苯甲醛发生反应，以较高产率(40％～90％)合成了4，4’-二甲酰基-α，ω-二苯氧基烷烃。     

微波辐射下扁桃酸的合成

采用微波辐射技术,以苯甲醛、氯仿为原料,以氢氧化钠为碱剂,氯化苄基三乙胺(TEBAC)为相转移催化剂合成了扁桃酸.通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了各反应因素对产率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:苯甲醛与氯仿摩尔比1:2.5,氯化苄基三乙胺0.003 mol,40%氢氧化钠,反应温度60℃,微波功率400 W,辐射时间为25 min.在此条件下,扁桃酸的产率可达88.3%.     

香豆素-3-甲酸乙酯合成方法的改进

微波辐射下水杨醛和丙二酸二乙酯在六氢吡啶催化下于119W反应5分钟,以83．4％的产率得到香豆素-3-甲酸乙酯。和教材方法相比,微波法具有反应时间短、产率高、物耗低及污染物少等特点,体现了新兴技术的运用和化学实验绿色化的改革目标。     

微波辐射KF/K2CO3催化合成肉桂酸

通过对KF／K2CO3催化合成肉桂酸反应的研究，发现在该反应中，KF／K2CO3催化性能较好。用微波处理后使用效果更佳．当反应温度为160℃，m（KF）：m（K=CO3）=1：2，n（苯甲醛）：n（乙酸酐）：n（KF／K2CO3）=1：3：1．45，KF／K2CO3用微波处理2min，肉桂酸产率高达85．5％．     

3，4-二甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的一锅式合成

以藜芦醛和丙二酸二乙酯为主要原料,以L-脯氨酸／磷酸钾为催化剂,无水乙醇为溶剂,经水解、酸化和Knoevenagel缩合反应,一锅式合成了3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯。实验得到较佳反应条件：n（丙二酸二乙酯）：n（黎芦醛）=2．0：1．0,n（L-脯氨酸）：n（黎芦醛）=0．35：1．00,n（L-脯氨酸）：n（磷酸钾）=6：1,反应时间7h。在较佳条件下,3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的收率达到77．4％,质量分数达97．0％。     

微波辐射快速合成对苯二甲酸二辛酯

在微波辐射条件下，以T2为催化剂，用对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)与异辛醇进行酯交换反应合成了对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP)，讨论了微波功率、辐射时间、催化剂用量和投料比对反应产率的影响，最佳反应条件为：投料nDMP：n异辛醇1：2，T2催化剂0．18g，微波功率600W，反应时间8min，得到的产率为97％，该条件下的反应速率是常规加热条件下的20多倍。     

微波辐射下肉桂酸苄酯的相转移催化合成研究

以肉桂酸钠和氯化苄为原料 ,二乙胺作催化剂 ,采用微波辐射技术 ,在常压下直接合成了肉桂酸苄酯 .讨论了催化剂用量、微波辐射功率和辐射时间对酯产率的影响 .实验结果表明 ,最适宜的反应条件为 :当n肉桂酸钠∶n氯化苄 =1∶3 4时 ,二乙胺的用量 1 0mL ,微波功率 4 5 0W ,辐射 12min ,产率达 85 3%以上 .     

微波辐射下对苯二甲醛与活性甲基、活性亚甲基化合物的双缩合反应研究

微波辐射条件下,以氢氧化钠或哌啶作催化剂,乙醇作溶剂,对苯二甲醛与苯乙酮和丙二酸二乙酯等活性甲基、活性亚甲基化合物反应,合成了1,4-双(3-芳基-3-氧代-1-丙烯基)苯和1,4-双(2,2-二乙氧羰基乙烯基)苯衍生物,反应时间短,产率高,操作简便.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with