武夷山自然保护区森林生态服务功能价值评估

使用市场价格替代法、机会成本法和影子工程价格法等评估方法,对武夷山自然保护区森林涵养水源、保持土壤、净化空气、固碳制氧等服务功能进行初步估算.得出该地区森林生态系统的涵养水源价值为2.28亿元.a-1;保持土壤价值为0.76亿元.a-1;固碳制氧价值为2.20亿元.a-1;净化空气价值为1.76亿元.a-1.森林生态服务功能的总价值为7.04亿元.a-1.     

安徽森林生态系统服务功能经济价值评估

以安徽森林生态系统为研究案例，评价了涵养水源、固碳释氧、水土保持、空气净化等四个方面的生态经济价值。结果表明，安徽森林主导服务功能经济价值727亿元，土壤保持功能最大，其次为涵养水源。考虑到迄今对生态系统服务功能了解的局限性及计算方法的缺陷，得出值应低于实际值。     

陕西省森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

目的评估陕西省森林生态系统生态服务功能在不同区域的物质量和价值量。方法应用物质量和价值量相结合的方法，借助ARCVIEW地理信息系统技术，根据不同林分在不同区域的实地观测值进行估算。结果陕西省森林生态服务功能总价值为3911215．35万元，其中长城沿线风沙区155490．77万元；陕北黄土高原区720626．49万元；关中盆地177421．57万元；秦巴山地2857676．52万元。按服务功能类型划分，林产品价值467723．47万元，涵养水源价值842471．95万元，固定CO2价值684977．04万元，释放O2价值943217．78万元，营养元素循环价值76053．85万元，土壤保持价值896771．26万元。结论陕西省森林生态系统在全省生态系统中占有重要地位，对陕西省生态环境可持续发展和重建起着举足轻重的作用。     

青海省门源县森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

依据森林效益监测数据、森林生态系统长期连续定位观测数据、森林资源调查数据和国家权威机构公布的社会公共数据,采用《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》评估模型,对2013年青海省门源县森林生态系统服务功能价值进行评估。结果显示:森林生态系统服务功能总价值为293.63亿元/a;各生态系统服务功能价值大小顺序为:保育土壤生物多样性保护涵养水源净化环境固碳释氧森林防护森林游憩积累营养物质;单位面积年服务功能价值为9.257 2万元/(hm2·a)。     

贵州茂兰喀斯特森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

根据森林生态系统服务功能的内涵和森林生态系统特征,采用物质量和价值量相结合的评价方法,使用市场价值法、影子工程法、生产成本法、机会成本法定量评价贵州省茂兰喀斯特森林生态系统服务功能的经济价值。结果表明:在茂兰喀斯特森林生态系统服务功能价值平均每年达394,123,79万元,其中涵养水源价值为15,317.61万元,净化水质价值为22,599.19万元,保持水土价值为118,843.97万元,固碳制氧价值为1,586.03万元,净化环境价值为194,757.37万元;林产品直接经济价值为1,019.61万元,游憩服务价值为4亿元(2008年)。间接价值是直接价值的8.61倍。     

祁连山森林生态效能与经济价值评估

根据祁连山森林的自然条件及社会经济特点，利用成本法，市场价倒算法，影子价格法，收益损失法等，对祁连山国有森林生态效能与经济价值进行了评估。结果表明，祁连山森林生态系统的经济效能为91．64亿元，其中：直接经济效能为79．61亿元，由于林木生长，每年新增直接经济效能1．56亿元，间接经济效能为10．71亿元。     

云南省普洱市森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

本文对2016年普洱市森林生态系统服务功能进行了估算。普洱市森林生态系统服务功能总价值为2477.85亿元·a~(-1),其中水源涵养价值为918.93亿元·a~(-1),占生态服务功能总价值的37.09%;生物多样性保护价值为757.02亿元·a~(-1),占30.55%;保育土壤价值为293.43亿元·a~(-1),占11.84%;固碳释氧价值为332.43亿元·a~(-1),占13.41%;净化大气环境价值为158.27亿元·a~(-1),占6.39%;积累营养物质价值为17.77亿元·a~(-1),占0.72%。单位面积森林生态服务功能价值为8.55万元·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。     

江西广丰森林生态服务及其价值研究

森林生态服务功能评估是国内外研究的热点之一,依据森林生态服务功能评估标准,采用森林生态系统定位研究网络台站多年连续观测数据和森林资源清查数据及公共数据、实测数据对广丰县森林生态服务功能物质量和价值量及其变化进行了评价,并分析其变化原因。结果表明,广丰县生态效益价值为46.75亿元/a,大于江西省平均值,占全县GDP的36.52%,但除涵养水源功能等以外,其它12项功能总物质量均小于江西省平均值;不同林分类型生态服务功能物质量不同,各项均呈现出马尾松最大,灌木林、经济林、竹林较大,国外松、软阔类较小的明显变化规律,主要由林分面积和林分单位面积生态服务功能物质量不同造成;与全省平均值相比,广丰县单位面积生态效益价值增加了2.48%,达到5.38万元.hm-2.a-1,各林分类型大小顺序为混交林竹林灌木林硬阔类经济林马尾松国外松软阔类杉木。     

永昌县东大河天然林区生态系统服务功能经济价值评估

根据有关文献研究数据，参照中华人民共和国林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》，对永昌县东大河林区生态系统服务功能价值进行了评估。结果表明，东大河天然林区生态系统服务功能经济价值为16．26×10^8元。其中，涵养水源功能价值2．67×10^8元，保育土壤功能价值7．92×10^8元；固碳释氧功能价值0．36×10^8元，积累营养物质功能价值2．95×10^8元；净化空气功能价值6．8×10^6元，娱乐文化功能价值2．29×10^6元；生物多样性保护价值2．27×10^6元。     

中国栎林生态服务功能评估

 森林生态服务功能评估是科学认识森林,实现人与森林和谐发展的基础。虽然国内外研究已有30多年历史,但至今还未有多数人认可的评估指标体系和评估方法。为此在2008年国家林业局颁布的中华人民共和国林业行业标准《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》（LY/T 1721-2008）标准的框架下,采用中国森林生态系统定位研究网络（CFERN）台站多年连续观测数据和森林资源清查数据及公共数据对中国栎林生态服务功能物质量和价值量进行了详细的动态评估。结果表明：“九五”期间中国栎林生态系统服务功能年均总价值为1475 8万亿元,年均单位面积价值为7987 2万元·hm-2;“十五”期间生态服务功能年均总价值1397 1万亿元,年均单位面积价值为7668 9万元·hm-2,年均涵养水源70681亿m3,固土582亿t,固碳094亿t,生产有利于人体健康的负离子185×1013亿个,吸收二氧化硫1586亿kg,滞尘3 8391717亿kg。在中国栎林分布的27个省份中,生态服务功能物质量受益最大的省份是黑龙江省,收益最小的省份是青海省。生态服务功能总价值最大的省份是云南省,最小的是陕西省。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.