Co3O4纳米颗粒的制备及表征

采用草酸盐共沉淀法成功制备了不同粒径的Co3O4纳米颗粒，用X射线衍射和透射电镜对30砌的样品进行了表征。结果表明，当烧结温度低于430℃时，产物中含有CoO杂相；430℃以上时，产物为纯相C0304纳米颗粒。Co3O4纳米颗粒（30m）为立方尖晶石结构，晶胞参数a=0．80735nm。颗粒形貌基本为球形，颗粒大小分布较均匀。随着烧结温度的增加，颗粒尺寸明显增加。     

介孔Co_3O_4纳米片的结构和超级电容性能研究

利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、恒温氮气吸附等技术,研究了不同焙烧温度下制备的介孔Co3O4纳米片的物相和微结构特点,明确了焙烧温度影响介孔Co3O4纳米片超级电容性能的微观机理.XRD和TEM结果表明,不同焙烧温度下获得的产物均为尖晶石结构的介孔Co3O4纳米片,且随着焙烧温度的升高,样品的结晶性增强.恒温氮气吸附结果表明,随着焙烧温度从300℃增加到500℃,介孔Co3O4纳米片的BET比表面积从27.9m2/g降低到2.2m2/g.电化学测试结果表明,400℃焙烧产物具有最优的超级电容性能,其比电容值为151F/g,是300和500℃焙烧产物比电容值的2倍左右.基于上述表征结果,我们提出样品结晶性和表面微结构的协同作用是决定介孔Co3O4纳米片超级电容性能的关键因素:与300℃焙烧样品相比,400℃焙烧产物具有更好的结晶性,利于电极氧化还原反应过程中电子的传输迁移;与500℃焙烧样品相比,400℃焙烧产物具有更为适中的BET比表面积,利于电解液参与电极反应.     

纳米Co3O4粒子制备新方法

采用一种新方法———接枝羧基淀粉(ISC)吸附金属离子前驱物(ISC Co)热解法, 制备了粒度分布均匀、分散性好的Co3O4 纳米颗粒. 该法分为3步: ISC的合成; ISC Co的制备; ISC Co分解及 Co3O4 纳米颗粒的晶相转化.对 ISC 和 ISC Co的红外光谱(IR)进行了对比和讨论, 利用差热 热重(DTA TG)分析法研究了前驱物的分解过程; 通过X射线衍射(XRD)数据分析了Co3O4 纳米颗粒的晶相, 借助透射电镜(TEM)观察了纳米粒子的形状和尺寸分布.     

硬脂酸凝胶法制备尖晶石型NiCo2O4纳米晶体

采用硬脂酸凝胶法制备磁性NiCo2O4纳米颗粒.通过红外(FT-IR)、热重(TG)对前驱物进行分析;X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)研究了煅烧温度对NiCo2O4晶体形成的影响;透射电镜(TEM)、振动试样磁强计(VSM)对产物的形貌及磁性能进行表征.结果表明,380℃保温6h可以获得单一晶相的NiCo2O4尖晶石纳米颗粒,粒度分布较窄,平均粒径约为9nm,矫顽力为147 Oe,饱和磁化强度为2.22emu·g-1.     

流变相—前驱物法制备纳米Co3O4

报道以流变相-前驱物法制备纳米Co3O4的一种新的软化学方法.先用流变相法合成草酸盐前驱物CoC2O4@2H2O,再在不同温度下热分解可制备得纳米CO3O4.通过热重法(TG)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜分析了其前驱物、产物的颗粒大小及形状等特征.研究了分解温度与产物粒径大小之间的关系以及微晶生长动力学.从实验结果可以看出,流变相-前驱物法为制备纳米Co3O4粉末提供了一种简单、可行、有效的方法.     

纳米SiO_2的制备与表征

以Na2SiO3·9H2O和H2SO4为原料,Na2SO4为分散剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为表面活性剂,利用化学沉淀法制备纳米SiO2.讨论了溶液的pH值和灼烧温度等因素对纳米SiO2性质的影响.采用热重分析仪(TG)、X-射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)及红外光谱仪(IR)等手段对制得的纳米SiO2进行了分析和表征.结果表明:在pH为7~8,灼烧温度为500℃时可得到平均粒径25nm的无定形SiO2颗粒.     

Co3O4/Fe2O3核-壳粒子的制备及光学性能研究

在单分散准球形-αFe2O3纳米颗粒的悬浮液中,在氨碱催化下,CoCl2水解产生的Co(OH)2沉积在-αFe2O3纳米颗粒表面,形成核-壳粒子.经500℃热处理后,壳层物质晶化为立方晶系Co3O4,壳层厚度约为6 nm.不同的氨碱液对核-壳结构产生影响,在1 mol.L-1尿素溶液的催化下,得到均匀的核-壳结构.应用TEM和XRD分析了产物结构,并利用UV-Vis光谱对复合材料的光吸收特性进行了研究.与-αFe2O3纳米颗粒的吸收光谱比较,在光激发下,Co3O4/Fe2O3核-壳粒子光吸收特性发生改变,在可见光区产生新的强吸收峰.     

氧化铝-氧化锆纳米复合颗粒的制备及表征

在水/辛烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(Triton X-100)/正丁醇/环己烷组成的微乳液体系中,制备并表征了氧化铝-氧化锆纳米复合颗粒.用动态光散射法研究了温度、水与表面活性剂的物质的量比、反应物的浓度等反应条件对Al(OH)3-Zr(OH)4颗粒平均粒径以及粒度分布的影响.分别用透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外以及热分析表征60℃真空干燥和500,1200℃热处理后的粉末,表明60℃真空干燥后,粉末以无定形为主;500℃时粉末粒径为5 nm左右,主要是t-ZrO2,Al2O3以固熔体形式存在;1200℃时粉末粒径为200 nm左右,是t-ZrO2,m-ZrO2,α-Al2O3共存.     

流变相前驱物法制备纳米Co_3O_4

报道以流变相 前驱物法制备纳米Co3O4的一种新的软化学方法。先用流变相法合成草酸盐前驱物CoC2O4·2H2O,再在不同温度下热分解可制备得纳米CO3O4。通过热重法(TG)、X 射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜分析了其前驱物、产物的颗粒大小及形状等特征。研究了分解温度与产物粒径大小之间的关系以及微晶生长动力学。从实验结果可以看出,流变相 前驱物法为制备纳米Co3O4粉末提供了一种简单、可行、有效的方法。     

水基Fe3O4磁流体的制备和磁光特性

以FeSO44@7H 2O(AR),Fe(NO3)3@9H2O(AR),NH3@H2O(AR)为原料,用水热法制备纳米Fe3O44粒子;通过选用合适的分散剂来克服磁性颗粒的沉降,采用超声波分散的方法,制备在重力场和磁场中稳定性好的磁流体.研究了影响水基FeaO4磁流体性能的主要因素,得到最佳条件Fe(NO3)3@9H2O和FeSO4@7H2O的量比为1.75,水热反应温度为160℃,反应时间为5 h,1.5 g Fe3O4分散于100 mL水中所需分散剂的用量为0.75 mL.所制备的产物经XRD和粒度仪检测,结果表明产物为单一相的Fe3O44,水基Fe3O4磁流体体系的粒径在100nm以下.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the