合成条件及添加三乙醇胺对水热法合成TS-1分子筛及其性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、钛酸丁酯(TBOT)、四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)分别作硅源、钛源及模板剂水热合成了TS1分子筛.考察了TEOS水解时的水硅比、TEOS水解温度、TPAOH用量及添加三乙醇胺(TEA)对TS1分子筛合成及其性能的影响.采用XRD、SEM、N2吸附等手段对试样进行表征,同时以环己酮氨肟化反应考察试样的催化活性.结果表明,TEOS水解过程中,n(H2O)/n(SiO2)在20～40的范围内对TS1的合成及性能影响不大.水解温度较高(60 ℃)时,加入少量TPAOH (n(TPAOH)/n(SiO2)=0.125)即可得到性能较好的TS1,而在水解过程中添加适量TEA则能进一步改善TS1分子筛的性能.在水解温度为60 ℃、n(SiO2)∶n(TPAOH)∶n(TEA)∶n(H2O)为1∶0.125∶0.065∶20时合成出的TS1用于环己酮氨肟化反应,环己酮转化率达到90.7%,环己酮肟选择性达到92.4%,催化活性与高TPAOH用量合成的TS1接近,而TPAOH的用量大大降低.     

掺杂铜锌铝介孔材料的合成、表征及其在甲醇重整制氢中的应用

分别以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和Na2SiO3为硅源,室温合成了Cu∶Zn∶Al∶Si摩尔比为6∶3∶5∶100的类MCM-41催化剂,以XRD、N2吸附、氨吸附量热及异丙醇脱水/脱氢反应等表征了催化剂的性质.结果表明,两种催化剂均具有较好的介孔结构,以Na2SiO3为硅源的催化剂具有较强的酸性.甲醇水蒸气重整反应表明,以TEOS为硅源的催化剂对甲醇转化率和H2选择性均高于以Na2SiO3为硅源的催化剂.     

火星车太阳能电池防尘涂层的制备与性能研究

本文先采用FPTMS(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane,三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷)与MTMS(methyltrimethoxysilane,甲基三甲氧基硅烷)共水解形成硅氧烷水解液,TEOS(tetraethoxysilane,四乙氧基硅烷)水解缩合生成硅溶胶,再通过水解液与硅溶胶共混陈化,制备了一系列疏水增透氟硅杂化涂层.以火山灰在涂层表面垂直时的重力除尘率评价涂层的防尘性能.考察了水解液/硅溶胶质量比和陈化时间对涂层表面形貌、光学透过率、水接触角、铅笔硬度、防尘性能的影响规律.研究发现,涂层表面的纳米粗糙度对防尘性能起关键作用.当水解液/硅溶胶质量比为1:4(即FPTMS/MTMS/TEOS质量比10.83/6.75/82.42)或1:5(FPTMS/MTMS/TEOS质量比8.98/5.60/85.42)且陈化时间为15h时,制备的涂层防尘性能最优,且铅笔硬度高达5H,在火星车太阳能电池防尘方面有较好的潜在应用价值.     

红薯藤水解-氧化-水解法制取草酸工艺的研究

通过研究以红薯藤为原料用水解 氧化 水解法制取草酸的工艺方法,得到了最佳反应条件:硫酸浓度70%;物料浸泡时间至少3h,硝酸、红薯藤、催化剂的质量比为2.1∶1∶0.002,氧化 水解反应时间5h,反应温度65～70℃,草酸二水合物收率可达78.0%.与用同类原料采用其它方法制草酸相比,提高了生产率,降低了生产成本.     

聚合物影响Al-MCM-41结构和形貌的研究

利用硝酸铝自行水解产生的弱酸环境为反应介质,使硅源正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)充分水解,随后引入氨水使无机物种聚合,通过水解-聚合两步途径,制备了硅铝介孔分子筛,考察了不同聚合物添加对其分散性及结构的影响.N2吸附-脱附、TEM和XRD表征结果表明:聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的添加有利于提高介孔硅铝分子筛的分散性和介孔结构的有序度.     

溶胶—凝胶法制备磁性复合物的实验研究

以水热合成法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子为种子,采用溶胶-凝胶法,用NH3·H2O催化分解正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)水解、缩合制备了粒径可控的核壳结构的Fe3O4@Si O2磁性复合物,并对它进行红外、XRD以及磁性能VSM的表征,系统研究了醇水比、NH3·H2O和TEOS的浓度对磁性复合物形貌的影响。实验发现,当醇水比为4∶1,NH3·H2O的浓度为0.1mol/L,TEOS的浓度为0~0.05 mol/L时,随着TEOS浓度的增加,Si O2壳层厚度逐渐增加,复合物的形貌越来越均一。     

核壳结构γ-Fe2O3/SiO2纳米复合材料的合成与分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,通过TEOS的水解和缩合制备核壳结构γ-Fe2O3/SiO2的纳米复合材料.利用正交试验与单因素实验,研究了γ-Fe2O3、TEOS、氨水的用量、醇水比、反应时间、反应温度和搅拌速率对纳米复合材料合成的影响,并且对合成产品进行TEM、XRD、DSC、FTIR、粒径分析仪等表征分析.结果发现,对纳米复合材料合成效果影响最大的因素是TEOS的用量,最佳工艺方案为γ-Fe2O3用量为0.06 g、TEOS 0.5 mL、氨水2 mL、醇水体积比为5∶1、反应时间为8h、反应温度为30 ℃、搅拌速率为150r/min;以最佳合成方案合成的核壳结构γ-Fe2O3/SiO2与y-Fe2O3相比,平均粒径减少34.1％,颗粒尺寸分布较为均匀,具有较好的分散性.     

甲酰胺对正硅酸乙酯水解的影响机理

介绍一种低温法制造玻璃的方法,该方法利用醇盐即M(OR)X进行水解和缩聚反应,形成凝胶玻璃;以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,详细讲述甲酰胺作为化学添加剂对TEOS水解的影响机理,即起着碱催化剂的作用.     

酸催化二氧化硅溶胶粒径和稳定性的研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、水、乙醇(EtOH)为原料,HNO3为催化剂,制备了纳米二氧化硅溶胶.研究了二氧化硅溶胶的红外光谱、反应物的配比和反应温度对二氧化硅溶胶粒径的影响及二氧化硅溶胶在陈化过程中的稳定性.实验结果表明,二氧化硅的缩聚反应在TEOS完全水解前就已开始,TEOS水解不完全;HNO3/TEOS摩尔比对二氧化硅溶胶粒径的影响较小,H2O/TEOS摩尔比对溶胶粒径的影响较大.随着HNO3/TEOS摩尔比、H2O/TEOS摩尔比的增加和反应温度的升高,二氧化硅溶胶的粒径增大;随着EtOH/TEOS摩尔比的增加,二氧化硅溶胶的粒径减小.溶胶在陈化过程中,在体系的粘度发生急剧变化之前,二氧化硅溶胶的粒径和密度变化极小,二氧化硅溶胶是相对稳定的.低温陈化有利于延长溶胶的稳定时间.     

钨酸铅/天然橡胶纳米复合材料制备及其γ射线屏蔽性能

将钨酸铅(PbWO_4)粒子球磨至纳米尺度,采用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)对其进行表面改性,并与天然橡胶(NR)机械共混,制备出橡胶纳米复合材料,运用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、接触角(CA)测量仪、电子万能试验机和高纯锗γ谱仪系统对其形貌及性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明:KH570成功接枝到PbWO_4表面;与未改性PbWO_4相比,改性后PbWO_4在NR中分散更为均匀,复合材料力学性能及γ射线屏蔽性能更为优异;PbWO_4与NR填充质量比为50∶100时,力学性能最佳(拉伸强度为30.6 MPa),相比于填充质量比为60∶100时,γ射线屏蔽率仅下降了1.8%,因此PbWO_4与NR最佳配料比为50∶100。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…