等温温度对超细贝氏体钢组织演变规律的影响

通过热膨胀试验研究实验钢的等温转变动力学,采用盐浴等温淬火工艺制备超细贝氏体组织,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪定量分析工艺参数对微观组织结构的影响.结果显示:实验钢室温组织由大量超细板条状贝氏体铁素体和板条间分布的薄膜状奥氏体的复相组织构成,210℃等温淬火得到的贝氏体板条间距细化到约60 nm,硬度约为HBW610;实验钢的最终组织特征取决于发生贝氏体转变的等温温度和等温时间,等温温度越低时贝氏体转变完成需要的等温时间越长.     

In situ observations of austenite grain growth in Fe-C-Mn-Si super bainitic steel

In situ observations of austenite grain growth in Fe-C-Mn-Si super bainitic steel were conducted on a high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscope during continuous heating and subsequent isothermal holding at 850, 1000, and 1100℃ for 30 min. A grain growth model was proposed based on experimental results. It is indicated that the austenite grain size increases with austenitizing temperature and holding time. When the austenitizing temperature is above 1100℃, the austenite grains grow rapidly, and abnormal austenite grains occur. In addition, the effect of heating rate on austenite grain growth was investigated, and the relation between austenite grains and bainite morphology after bainitic transformations was also discussed.     

奥氏体—贝氏体球墨铸铁中未转变奥氏体区的研究

该文用彩色金相技术显示了奥氏体—贝氏体球墨铸铁中未转变奥氏体区的组织,用定量金相研究了等温淬火温度和时间对未转变奥氏体区的影响,讨论了未转变奥氏体区对奥—贝球铁性能的影响。     

等温温度和时间对超级贝氏体钢Fe-0.40C-2.2Mn-1.5Si相变和组织性能的影响

以超级贝氏体钢Fe-0.40C-2.2Mn-1.5Si为对象,通过热模拟试验、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析和拉伸试验等方法,研究等温转变温度和保温时间对试验钢的贝氏体相变、微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着等温转变温度的降低,钢的显微组织中贝氏体形貌从颗粒状贝氏体转变为板条状贝氏体,其强度逐渐提高,但伸长率和强塑积先增大后减小;随着保温时间的增加,钢的抗拉强度逐渐降低,而伸长率和强塑积逐渐增大,因此可通过适当延长相变时间来改善钢的综合力学性能;在350℃下保温90min时,试验钢显微组织中残余奥氏体体积分数最大,且具有最大强塑积。     

高碳低合金钢低温贝氏体组织及其耐磨性研究

设计了一种新的低温等温转变无碳化物贝氏体高碳低合金钢。对该钢低温等温淬火组织和干滑动摩擦磨损耐磨性及磨损机理进行研究,并与淬火+低温回火处理试样进行比较。结果表明,经1 000℃奥氏体化后在220℃盐浴中进行等温120 h的等温淬火处理,得到了由平均厚度约为120 nm的板条状贝氏体铁素体和薄膜状的残留奥氏体组成的无碳化物贝氏体组织,干滑动摩擦磨损相对耐磨性比回火马氏体组织提高19%,磨损机理为粘着磨损。     

回火对非调质SG钢组织和性能的影响

采用低频力学谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜并结合JMatPro软件分析了贝氏体型非调质SG钢在350 °C回火后的组织及强韧化机制,分析其内耗与温度的关系曲线中Snoek峰、SKK峰及其微观形貌,探讨了贝氏体中铁素体的碳原子分布及析出行为、粒状贝氏体中岛状马氏体/奥氏体的分解规律.结果表明：未回火SG钢的Snoek峰强度极低,且贝氏体中铁素体的固溶碳原子含量较低;经350 °C回火2 h后,SG钢的屈服强度最高.这是由于析出强化和位错强化共同作用的结果,其中分解出现的弥散碳化物Cr7C3相起到了主要作用.     

镍对奥贝球铁中上贝氏体第一阶段转变动力学的影响

本文定量地讨论了镍含量与奥贝球铁中上贝氏体第一阶段转变时间的关系，研究了镍对上贝体转变孕育期、奥氏体化开始温度和残余奥氏体中含碳量的影响；揭示了镍及其偏析在上贝氏体第一阶段转变中的作用。结果表明：随着镍含量的增加，上贝氏体第一阶段转变速度、奥氏体化开始温度和残余奥氏体中的含碳量降低。当镍含量超过２％时，第一阶段转变速度显著减慢。镍的偏析使得奥贝球铁基体中上贝氏体转变速度不一致，造成组织不均匀；镍…     

Effects of ausforming strain on bainite transformation in nanostructured bainite steel

The effects of ausforming strain on bainite transformation in high-carbon low-alloy nanobainite steel were investigated using a Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator machine. The bainite transformation speed at 300℃ was found to be accelerated by ausforming at 300, 600, and 700℃ under applied strains ranging from 10% to 50% followed by isothermal transformation at 300℃. The ausformed bainite volume fraction varied with the ausforming strain because of the mechanical stabilization of the deformed austenite. Ausforming at low temperatures not only enhanced the bainite ferrite volume fraction but also refined the microstructure substantially. Although the amount of bainite ferrite might have been reduced with increasing strain, the microstructures were refined by ausforming.     

铁素体球墨铸铁低温冲击韧性

为了优化生产工艺,探究化学成分对低温冲击韧性影响规律,通过夏比冲击试验方法研究了三组铸态全铁素体球墨铸铁低温冲击韧性,分析了硅碳含量对低温冲击韧性影响及断口形貌。结果表明：三组试样中,冲击韧性随碳含量增多和硅含量降低而升高;冲击韧度值随着温度的降低而下降,-20 ℃下可以达到15.20 J,冲击韧度值在温度低于-40 ℃后变化不大,韧脆转变温度在-40 ℃以上。冲击断口形貌表明,随温度降低,球墨铸铁的断裂机制由韧性断裂转为韧脆混合断裂,最后变为脆性断裂。可见碳硅含量会对低温冲击韧性造成一定影响。     

奥氏体——贝氏体球铁显微组织及等温转变过程的研究

本文作者利用X射线衍射及电子显微技术对不同热处理工艺的奥氏体——贝氏体球铁的显微组织进行了定性及定量分析,并在此基础上着重讨论了球铁等温淬火的转变过程,在本文中论述了奥氏体化温度、时间,等温温度、时间对残余奥氏体含量、合碳量、硬度HV值以及贝氏体形态的影响,还讨论了残余奥氏体含量与含碳量之间的关系。     

球墨铸铁中渗碳体球化的影响

The research aims to provide an alternative to austempering treatment of ductile cast iron with a simple and cost-effective heat-treatment process. This goal was accomplished by applying a simple one-step spheroidization heat treatment to the as-cast ductile iron, which would normally possess a coarse pearlitic microstructure to a significant extent. Spheroidization experiments involving isothermal holding below the lower critical temperature (A1) were conducted followed by standard mechanical testing and microstructural characterization for an experimental ductile iron. After improving the spheroidization holding time at a given temperature, the work shows that the ductility and toughness of an as-cast ductile iron can be improved by 90% and 40%, respectively, at the cost of reducing the tensile strength by 8%. Controlled discretization of the continuous cementite network in pearlitic matrix of the ductile iron is deemed responsible for the improved properties. The work also shows that prolonged holding time during spheroidization heat treatment leads to degradation of mechanical properties due to the inhomogenous microstructure formation caused by heterogeneous decomposition and cementite clustering in the material. The main outcome of this work is the demonstration of ductile cast iron’s necking behavior due to spheroidization heat treatment.     

Wear behavior of bainite ductile cast iron under impact load

The dry impact wear behavior of bainite ductile cast iron was evaluated under three different impact loads for 30000 cycles. The strain-hardening effects beneath the contact surfaces were analyzed according to the surfaces’ micro-hardness profiles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to observe the worn surfaces. The results indicated that the material with the highest hardness was the one continuously cooled at 20°C, which exhibited the lowest wear rate under each set of test conditions. The hardness of the worn surface and the thickness of the hardened layer increased with the increases in impact load and in the number of test cycles. The better wear performance of the sample cooled at 20°C is attributed to its finer microstructure and superior mechanical properties. All the samples underwent the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) phenomenon after impact wear, as revealed by the fact that small amounts of retained austenite were detected by XRD.     

Effect of spheroidization of cementite in ductile cast iron

The research aims to provide an alternative to austempering treatment of ductile cast iron with a simple and cost-effective heat-treatment process. This goal was accomplished by applying a simple one-step spheroidization heat treatment to the as-cast ductile iron, which would normally possess a coarse pearlitic microstructure to a significant extent. Spheroidization experiments involving isothermal holding below the lower critical temperature(A1) were conducted followed by standard mechanical testing and microstructural characterization for an experimental ductile iron. After improving the spheroidization holding time at a given temperature, the work shows that the ductility and toughness of an as-cast ductile iron can be improved by 90% and 40%, respectively, at the cost of reducing the tensile strength by 8%. Controlled discretization of the continuous cementite network in pearlitic matrix of the ductile iron is deemed responsible for the improved properties. The work also shows that prolonged holding time during spheroidization heat treatment leads to degradation of mechanical properties due to the inhomogenous microstructure formation caused by heterogeneous decomposition and cementite clustering in the material. The main outcome of this work is the demonstration of ductile cast iron's necking behavior due to spheroidization heat treatment.     

Effect of cooling parameters on the microstructure and properties of Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steels

To develop low-cost low carbon bainitic steel, Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steels were melted in a vacuum induction furnace and were researched by thermal simulation and hot rolling at the laboratory. As the cooling rate increases from 0.2 to 50℃/s, the transformation temperatures of two steels lie between 650 and 400℃, and the final microstructures of them change from quasi-polygonal ferrite and granular bainite to lath bainite. Compared with cooling in air or by interrupted cooling, Mo-bearing and Cr-bearing steel plates cooled by sprayed water boast higher strength and superior toughness, for large-size islands are responsible for the poor mechanical properties. Compared to Mo, Cr is effective to isolate the bainitic reaction in low carbon steel, and the bainitic microstructure can also be obtained in Cr-bearing steel cooled at a wide range of cooling rate.     

含钒0.2C-0.5Si-0.08P-Mn TRIP钢连续冷却过程中的相变行为

通过热模拟实验研究了含钒0.19%的0.2C-0.5Si-0.08P-Mn TRIP钢连续冷却过程中的相变行为.实验结果表明:奥氏体未再结晶区进行50%的大变形,使随后连续冷却过程中的铁素体开始相变温度Ar3提高42～58℃;相同冷却速度下,尤其是当冷速小于20℃/s时,变形促进铁素体的形成,而使贝氏体形核率降低;钒的氮化物和碳化物在铁素体晶粒和晶界处弥散析出,无论变形或未变形条件下,冷速0.5℃/s时,析出粒子尺寸在2～5nm范围内,只有极少量尺寸约为～20nm的较大析出粒子.     

奥氏体变形对耐候钢相变行为及显微组织的影响

在MMS-100热力模拟实验机上采用热膨胀法结合硬度测试,对耐候钢进行了未变形和变形后的连续冷却的实验研究,建立了未变形和变形奥氏体的CCT曲线.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析研究了冷却速度、变形条件对显微组织的影响.实验结果表明,从未变形到变形的过程,多边形铁素体相变开始温度升高,相变区左移,获得铁素体加珠光体混合组织的临界冷速增大.变形奥氏体的位错缠结抑制贝氏体长大,从而细化转变后的显微组织.     

Kinetics and formation mechanisms of intragranular ferrite in V-N microalloyed 600 MPa high strength rebar steel

To systematically investigate the kinetics and formation mechanisms of intragranular ferrite (IGF), isothermal heat treatment in the temperature range of 450℃ to 600℃ with holding for 30 s to 300 s, analysis of the corresponding microstructures, and observation of the precipitated particles were conducted in V-N microalloyed 600 MPa high strength rebar steel. The potency of V(C,N) for IGF nucleation was also analyzed statistically. The results show that the dominant microstructure transforms from bainite (B) and acicular ferrite (AF) to grain boundary ferrite (GBF), intragranular polygonal ferrite (IPF), and pearlite (P) as the isothermal temperature increases from 450℃ to 600℃. When the holding time at 600℃ is extended from 30 s to 60 s, 120 s, and 300 s, the GBF content ranges from 6.0vol% to 6.5vol% and the IPF content increases from 0.5vol% to 2.8vol%, 13.1vol%, and 13.5vol%, respectively, because the ferrite transformation preferentially occurs at the grain boundaries and then occurs at the austenite grains. Notably, V(C,N) particles are the most effective nucleation site for the formation of IPF, accounting for 51% of the said formation.     

无硅TRIP钢力学性能的研究

无硅TRIP钢采用临界区加热等温淬火热处理,获得铁素体,贝氏体及大量稳定残余奥氏体的三相组织·通过对其显微组织观察,断口形貌分析,与高硅TRIP钢力学性能的相互比较,探讨了无硅TRIP钢相变诱发塑性的行为·结果表明:无硅TRIP钢在拉伸变形过程中,应变诱导相变,相变诱发塑性;其拉伸断口形貌呈韧性断口特征;经790℃加热在400℃等温5min时,抗拉强度达到754MPa,延伸率达到36%,综合性能(强塑积)达到27144MPa%的最高值·     

Heat treatment of novel low-carbon multi-alloyed anti-wear marine steel

A low-carbon anti-wear steel,multi-alloyed with Si-Cr-Mn-Al-Ni-Mo-(Nb,RE),was designed for vane pumps of ships. The novel cast steel after various heat treatments was characterized by microstructure observations and mechanical properties measurement in order to achieve an optimal process correlated with good abrasive resistance for a long marine service.Differential scanning calorimetry and hardness analyses deduced a complete austenitizing temperature of 1 000℃,based on the alloying element homogenizati...     

超级贝氏体钢的热处理工艺及性能研究

本文对比研究了一步、二步等温贝氏体转变及贝氏体转变+碳分配热处理工艺对超级贝氏体钢微观组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,三种工艺处理后的试验钢组织主要为纳米级贝氏体铁素体及残余奥氏体,且与一步法相比,二步等温贝氏体转变及贝氏体转变+碳分配处理后的超级贝氏体钢组织更为细小,残余奥氏体的体积分数下降,力学性能显著提升,而贝氏体转变+碳分配处理工艺的热处理时间则相对较短。